The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Children's Version (ICAST-C): Instrument development and multi-national pilot testing
Abstract
Objective To develop a child victimization survey among a diverse group of child protection experts and examine the performance of the instrument through a set of international pilot studies.Methods The initial draft of the instrument was developed after input from scientists and practitioners representing 40 countries. Volunteers from the larger group of scientists participating in the Delphi review of the ICAST P and R reviewed the ICAST C by email in 2 rounds resulting in a final instrument. The ICAST C was then translated and back translated into six languages and field tested in four countries using a convenience sample of 571 children 12-17 years of age selected from schools and classrooms to which the investigators had easy access.Results The final ICAST C Home has 38 items and the ICAST C Institution has 44 items. These items serve as screeners and positive endorsements are followed by queries for frequency and perpetrator. Half of respondents were boys (49%). Endorsement for various forms of victimization ranged from 0 to 51%. Many children report violence exposure (51%), physical victimization (55%), psychological victimization (66%), sexual victimization (18%), and neglect in their homes (37%) in the last year. High rates of physical victimization (57%), psychological victimization (59%), and sexual victimization (22%) were also reported in schools in the last year. Internal consistency was moderate to high (alpha between .685 and .855) and missing data low (less than 1.5% for all but one item).Conclusions In pilot testing, the ICAST C identifies high rates of child victimization in all domains. Rates of missing data are low, and internal consistency is moderate to high. Pilot testing demonstrated the feasibility of using child self-report as one strategy to assess child victimization.Practice implications The ICAST C is a multi-national, multi-lingual, consensus-based survey instrument. It is available in six languages for international research to estimate child victimization. Assessing the prevalence of child victimization is critical in understanding the scope of the problem, setting national and local priorities, and garnering support for program and policy development aimed at child protection.
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“The violence questions in this survey, which this paper is focused on, are part of the Philippines validation of the ICAST-Trial Teen tool (in Filipino), a new instrument developed by the CAMEO group (Child Abuse Measures for Evaluation and Observation). This instrument is based on the validated ICAST-child questionnaire (Zolotor et al., 2009).”
From Safe schools for teens: Preventing sexual abuse of urban poor teens, proof-of-concept study-improving teachers'and students'knowledge, skills and attitudes (2020) · cites this paper as Zolotor et al., 2009
Citations
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Adverse childhood experiences and trauma informed care: the future of health care
Oral, R., Ramirez, M. R., Coohey, C., Nakada, S., Walz, A. E., Kuntz, A., Benoit, J. A., & Peek-Asa, C. L. (2015) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2015.197 · Cited by 554
Child Sexual Abuse: Toward a Conceptual Model and Definition
Mathews, B., & Collin‐Vézina, D. (2017) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838017738726 · Cited by 396
Child maltreatment: variation in trends and policies in six developed countries
Gilbert, R. E., Fluke, J., O’Donnell, M., González-Izquierdo, A., Brownell, M. D., Gulliver, P. J., Janson, S., & Sidebotham, P. D. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61087-8 · Cited by 340
Cluver, L. D., Meinck, F., Steinert, J., Shenderovich, Y., Doubt, J., Romero, R. H., Lombard, C. J., Redfern, A., Ward, C. L., Tsoanyane, S., et al. (2018) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000539 · Cited by 246
Mathews, B., Pacella, R., Dunne, M. P., Simunovic, M., & Marston, C. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227884 · Cited by 217
Metadata
- Authors
- Zolotor, A. J., Runyan, D. K., Dunne, M. P., Jain, D., Péturs, H. R., Ramirez, C., Volkova, E., Deb, S., Lidchi, V., Muhammad, T., & Isaeva, O.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Government Medical College (IN)
- Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University (RU)
- University of Calcutta (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Zolotor, Adam J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Child Abuse & Neglect
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 833-841
- ISSN
- 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2103123973
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child Abuse and Related Trauma
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Keywords
- child abuse screening, child victimization, child self-report, instrument development, Delphi consensus, violence exposure, physical victimization, psychological victimization, sexual victimization, child neglect, school violence, multilingual survey, child protection
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Mass Screening, Pilot Projects, Population Surveillance, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Reproducibility of Results, Crime Victims
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