Older youth leaving the foster care system: Who, what, when, where, and why?
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Repeated socio-ecological disruption due to placement instability, non-relative or group placement, and residential treatment can result in sparse support networks, service disengagement, problem behaviors, and social adjustment challenges.
“Repeated socio-ecological disruption due to placement instability, non-relative or group placement, and residential treatment (Courtney et al., 2001; McCoy at al., 2008; Keller et al. 2007; Wulczyn et al., 2003) can also result in sparse support networks, service disengagement, problem behaviors, and social adjustment challenges.”
From Intervention development to improve foster youth mental health by targeting coping self-efficacy and help-seeking (2023) · cites this paper as McCoy at al., 2008
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Reliability of the services assessment for children and adolescents
Horwitz, S. M., Hoagwood, K., Stiffman, A. R., Summerfeld, T., Weisz, J. R., Costello, E. J., Rost, K., Bean, D. L., Cottler, L., Leaf, P. J., et al. (2001) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.8.1088 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
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McNutt, M. K. (2017) · Human Rights Documents online · doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9978-20190011 · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
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“As increasing numbers of youth remain involved in care beyond their 18th birthdays, we must provide alternatives to congregate care that recognize and respect their need for increased autonomy, as well as giving youth more of a voice in all of the decisions about their lives (McCoy et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKeller, T. E., Salazar, A. M., & Courtney, M. E. (2010) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.12.010 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Lushey, C., & Munro, E. (2015) · doi:10.1177/1473325014559282 · Cited by 125
“In general, findings from the Right2BCared4 and Staying Put evaluations aligned with other studies on transitions from care to adulthood, conducted by experienced researchers employing traditional approaches (Barns et al., 2005; Dixon et al., 2006; Goodkind et al., 2011; Hojer and Sjoblom, 2010; Holland et al., 2010a;…”
MethodResultCourtney, M. E., & Hook, J. L. (2016) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.030 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Age at Injury and Long-Term Behavior Problems After Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children
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Self-citationAging Out of Foster Care: Homelessness, Post-Secondary Education, and Employment
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“Caucasian youth have been found to leave care earlier than youth of color (McCoy et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBlakeslee, J. E. (2011) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2206.2011.00787.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Havlicek, J. (2011) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.02.007 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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Refaeli, T., Benbenishty, R., & Zeira, A. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.01.044 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
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“Youth in this subgroup may also be more susceptible to impulsive, unplanned exits (McCoy et al., 2008; McMillen & Tucker, 1999), particularly if they believe they can rely on biological relatives to provide housing.”
BackgroundRoca, J. S., Jariot-Garcia, M., Biarnès, A. V., & Parrón, M. R. (2009) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.05.010 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
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“The services governed by this paradigm are more personalized, specific, flexible, multifaceted and differentiated (Axford and Little 2004; McCoy et al. 2008) which, in turn, increases the likelihood that they will be more effective (Axford et al.”
Socialization process and social support networks of out-of-care youngsters
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Braciszewski, J. M., Tzilos Wernette, G. K., Moore, R. S., Tran, T. B., Bock, B. C., Stout, R. L., Chamberlain, P., & Vose-O’Neal, A. (2018) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Risk of serious criminal involvement among former foster youth aging out of care
Crawford, B. L., Pharris, A. B., & Dorsett-Burrell, R. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.08.027 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
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“I’ve changed so much within a year”: care leavers' perspectives on the aftercare planning process
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“…and leaving care discussions and decision-making remains somewhat elusive (Augsberger et al., 2016; Butterworth et al., 2017; Geenen & Powers, 2007; McCoy et al., 2008; McLeod, 2007; Sanders & Mace, 2006), there is the additional problem of having only limited understanding of the lived…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialServices and outcomes for transition-age foster care youth: Youths' perspectives
Collins, M., & Ward, R. L. (2011) · Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies · doi:10.1080/17450128.2011.564226 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“McCoy, McMillen, & Spitznagel, 2008 ) and qualitative experiences during the transition process (e.”
BackgroundCultural Mistrust of Mental Health Professionals Among Black Males Transitioning from Foster Care
Scott, L. D., McCoy, H., Munson, M. R., Snowden, L. R., & McMillen, J. C. (2010) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9434-z · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Interestingly, the sentiments expressed in both studies (McCoy et al. 2008; Lee et al. 2006) are quite similar despite pertaining to services that are technically distinct.”
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“In both national and international research, it is obvious that many young people leave care in an unplanned way (see McCoy et al., 2008; Sallnäs et al., 2004), and that those who stay in care get on better (see e.g. Backe-Hansen et al., 2010; Courtney and Dworsky, 2006; McCoy et al., 2008).”
BackgroundRationale for a new direction in foster youth substance use disorder prevention
Braciszewski, J. M., Moore, R. S., & Stout, R. L. (2013) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.3109/14659891.2012.750693 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Additionally, these individuals have little access to support services and family resources (Geenen & Powers, 2007; McCoy et al., 2008).”
Background“How am I doing?” narratives of youth living in congregate care on their social-emotional well-being
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Aging Out of Foster Care in Emerging Adulthood
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Predictors of remaining in foster care after age 18 years old.
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Self-citationExamining regional variation in extending foster care beyond 18: Evidence from Illinois
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“Youths leaving the child welfare system are forced to negotiate the transition to adulthood suddenly, with a dramatic reduction in access to services, and without guarantees of continuing support (Collins, 2001; Courtney et al., 2001; Geenen and Powers, 2007; Leathers and Testa, 2006; McCoy et al., 2008).”
BackgroundPark, S. (., Okpych, N. J., Harty, J. S., & Courtney, M. (2022) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595221088226 · Cited by 15
“White youth) have been found to spend more time in EFC, experiencing foster care placement instability, entering care at an older age (ages 10+), frequent alcohol use, externalizing behavior problems, and juvenile justice system involvement are factors that predicted less time in EFC (McCoy et al., 2008; Park et al.,…”
BackgroundLiving Situations and Social Support in the Era of Extended Foster Care: A View from the U.S.
Okpych, N. J., Feng, H. A., Park, K., Torres-García, A., & Courtney, M. E. (2018) · Longitudinal and Life Course Studies · doi:10.14301/llcs.v9i1.449 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“For youth who do not remain in foster care after age 18, residing with relatives or living on their own or with romantic partners are the most common living situations at age 19 (Courtney et al., 2005; Courtney et al., 2016a; McCoy et al., 2008).”
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Ungdom på vei ut av barnevernet: - Brå overgang til voksenlivet.
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“While in the foster care system, youths often experience signi fi cant home and school instability, both of which negatively impact the scaffolding upon which adolescents build a successful path to adulthood (Geenen & Powers, 2007; McCoy, McMillen, & Spitznagel, 2008).”
BackgroundOlder Youth in Extended Out-of-home Care
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“Losing support at the age of majority coupled with strained biological relationships can have a detrimental effect on self-sufficiency in adulthood (McCoy, McMillen, & Spitznagel, 2008; Singer & Berzin, 2014; Watt & Kim, 2019) by hindering the development strong support systems (Antle, Johnson,…”
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“…likely than other youth to experience unemployment and homelessness, poverty and social exclusion, offending behaviour and incarceration, victimisation, early pregnancy, substance misuse, and physical and mental health problems (Dima and Skehill, 2011; Hook and Courtney, 2011; McCoy et al., 2008).”
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Transition from Foster Care: A Cross Sectional Comparison of Youth Outcomes Twenty Years Apart
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“The challenge to this approach will be how to retain older youth in residential facilities in order for them to receive assistance that the system can provide and to do so in ways that are meaningful for them (McCoy et al., 2008).”
BackgroundChildhood Trauma and Substance Dependence
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Exploring Support Network Structure, Content, and Stability as Youth Transition from Foster Care
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- Authors
- McCoy, H., McMillen, J. C., & Spitznagel, E. L.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- McCoy, Henrika
- ORCID
- McMillen, J. Curtis
- Venue
- Children and Youth Services Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 735-745
- ISSN
- 0190-7409 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2504335
- OpenAlex
- W2096658679
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 15.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Children and Youth Services Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p30mh068579-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30-MH-068579, R01MH061404)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Law › Legal and Social Justice Studies
- Keywords
- foster care, older youth, youth leaving foster care, externalizing problems, Missouri
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