Ongoing and online: Children and youth's perceptions of cyber bullying

In the citing paper

“It was reported that anonymity can “…empower those who were unlikely to become real life bullies or who were even victims of traditional bullying”, to engage in bullying behaviors (Abu Bakar, 2015;Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008, p. 502).”

In the citing paper

“Some studies highlighted young people's reluctance to report cyberbullying to adults for fear that their access to ICT would be removed.”

In the citing paper

“Victims have reported fears of this kind of punishment as a barrier to disclosure, for example, in the context of cyberbullying (Mishna et al., 2009) and online sexual solicitation (Gemara et al., 2025).”

In the citing paper

“At a descriptive level young people equated cyberbullying with”

In the citing paper

“Five studies reported approval from an ethics committee (Berne et al., 2014;Burnham & Wright, 2012;Mishna et al., 2009;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014;Smith et al., 2008) while a Dutch study reported that ethical approval was deemed unnecessary by an ethics committee in the Netherlands (Jacobs et al., 2015).”

In the citing paper

“Three conceptually rich studies were identified and these were purposefully read and open-coded independently by two reviewers (RD, CS) to ensure inter-coder reliability and validity in the coding process (Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Nocentini et al., 2010).”

In the citing paper

“Researcher reflexivity was found to be lacking in the majority of studies; only one study made explicit reference to the adult-child relationship and its impact on the research process (Mishna et al., 2009).”

In the citing paper

“In the case of intentional harm, the absence of face-to-face interaction was thought to make it easier for the perpetrator, as explained by a 13 year-old girl in a Canadian study:”

In the citing paper

“Due to the absence of physical cues it is difficult for victims to express their distress and, consequently, for perpetrators to recognize the impact of their actions (Abu Bakar, 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014;Smith et al., 2008).”

In the citing paper

“Many studies highlighted how the absence of face-to-face interaction in the cyber world contributes to the ambiguous nature of intent (Abu Bakar, 2015;Baas et al., 2013;Mishna et al., 2009;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014;Smith et al., 2008;Topcu et al., 2013).”

In the citing paper

“A Canadian study highlighted that an expectation of safety in the home can make cyberbullying feel particularly invasive.”

In the citing paper

“Many studies reported that cyberbullying takes place more often outside of school and is commonly experienced while at home, facilitated by technological access and insufficient adult monitoring and regulation (Burnham & Wright, 2012;Mishna et al., 2009;Smith et al., 2008).”

In the citing paper

“Several studies described cyberbullying as an extension of school bullying with perpetrators empowered to continue their harassment in cyberspace after the school day (Betts & Spenser, 2017;Mishna et al., 2009;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014;Topcu et al., 2013).”

In the citing paper

“Some studies characterized young people as dependent on ICT (Abu Bakar, 2015; Mishna et al., 2009).”

In the citing paper

“It was highlighted that, enabled by technology, victimization traverses the physical and cyber worlds which can result in “non-stop bullying” (Mishna et al., 2009(Mishna et al., , p. 1224)).”

In the citing paper

“When away from the online environment young people report feeling isolated from social life (Abu Bakar, 2015; Betts & Spenser, 2017;Mishna et al., 2009;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014;Topcu et al., 2013).”

In the citing paper

“Visual cyberbullying, the distribution of disparaging pictures or videos online, was perceived as particularly damaging (Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Nocentini et al., 2010;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014;Smith et al., 2008;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”

In the citing paper

“However, anonymous acts can make it difficult for a victim to determine a perpetrator's identity (Mishna et al., 2009;Nocentini et al., 2010;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”

In the citing paper

“It was suggested that perpetrators may share photos or say mean things about others to obtain peer rewards or a higher social status through the amusement of the wider audience (Berne et al., 2014;Jacobs et al., 2015;Mishna et al., 2009;Naruskov et al., 2012;Nocentini et al., 2010;Smith et al., 2008).”

In the citing paper

“This was recognized by young people as a large part of the power and impact of cyber bullying (Baas et al., 2013;Mishna et al., 2009;Naruskov et al., 2012;Nocentini et al., 2010;Smith et al., 2008;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008).”

In the citing paper

“Young people perceived adults as oblivious to the cyber world and inept in dealing with cyber issues (Baas et al., 2013;Burnham & Wright, 2012;Mishna et al., 2009;Smith et al., 2008); as a result, they often remained silent about cyberbullying.”

In the citing paper

“The absence of consequence “means that behavior is no longer constrained by the norms and rules of social interactions” (Betts & Spenser, 2017, p. 31;Mishna et al., 2009;Topcu et al., 2013).”

In the citing paper

“It was noted that victims sometimes discover the identity of an anonymous perpetrator (Baas et al., 2013;Mishna et al., 2009;Nocentini et al., 2010;Vandebosch & Van Cleemput, 2008)”

In the citing paper

“Some young people perceived anonymity and the perpetrators ability to evade responsibility as a barrier to telling parents or teachers, as they make it impossible for the victim to prove the cyber incident or to identify the perpetrator (Mishna et al., 2009;Smith et al., 2008;Topcu et al., 2013).”

In the citing paper

“The anonymity afforded by social media enables perpetrators to engage in cyberbullying acts with little fear of repercussion (Betts & Spenser, 2017;Mishna et al., 2009;Pelfrey & Weber, 2014;Smith et al., 2008;Topcu et al., 2013).”

In the citing paper

“The restriction of access was perceived as a punishment, even if undertaken as a supportive action, as it meant the “loss of their connection with their social world” (Baas et al., 2013;Betts & Spenser, 2017;Mishna et al., 2009Mishna et al., , p. 1226)).”