The relationship between balance performance, lumbar extension strength, trunk extension endurance, and pain in participants with chronic low back pain, and those without
Abstract
Background Chronic low back pain is associated with lumbar extensor deconditioning. This may contribute to decreased neuromuscular control and balance. However, balance is also influenced by the hip musculature. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine balance in both asymptomatic participants and those with chronic low back pain, and to examine the relationships among balance, lumbar extension strength, trunk extension endurance, and pain. Methods Forty three asymptomatic participants and 21 participants with non-specific chronic low back pain underwent balance testing using the Star Excursion Balance Test, lumbar extension strength, trunk extension endurance, and pain using a visual analogue scale. Findings Significant correlations were found between lumbar extension strength and Star Excursion Balance Test scores in the chronic low back pain group (r = 0.439-0.615) and in the asymptomatic group (r = 0.309-0.411). Correlations in the chronic low back pain group were consistently found in posterior directions. Lumbar extension strength explained ~19.3% to ~37.8% of the variance in Star Excursion Balance Test scores for the chronic low back pain group and ~9.5% to ~16.9% for the asymptomatic group. Interpretation These results suggest that the lumbar extensors may be an important factor in determining the motor control dysfunctions, such as limited balance, that arise in chronic low back pain. As such, specific strengthening of this musculature may be an approach to aid…
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Biophysical risk factors for non-specific back pain include insufficient strength or flexibility of the spinal muscles.
“some risk factors for NBP have a biophysical origin, such as the lack of strength or flexibility of the spinal musculature [47,48]”
From Prevention of non-specific back pain through exercise and education: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
Non-specific back pain has a multifactorial origin.
“Perhaps this effect is due to the multifactorial origin of NBP: some risk factors for NBP have a biophysical origin, such as the lack of strength or flexibility of the spinal musculature [47,48]; other factors have a psychological origin, such as fear or stress, or we can even mention social factors, such as false beliefs about NBP or work-related factors [49,50].”
From Prevention of non-specific back pain through exercise and education: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
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“possible sources of pain in "non-specific CLBP" are some degenerative conditions, metabolic bone disease, psychogenic pain, inflammatory conditions, infectious causes, trauma, referred pain and congenital disorders(8, 9).”
Background
- Authors
- Behennah, J., Conway, R., Fisher, J., Osborne, N., & Steele, J.
- Affiliations
- Southampton Solent University (GB)
- Health Sciences University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Steele, James
- Venue
- Clinical Biomechanics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 53
- Pages
- 22-30
- ISSN
- 0268-0033 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2793573842
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Biomechanics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Solent University Research Portal (Solent University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
- Keywords
- chronic low back pain, balance, lumbar extension strength, Star Excursion Balance Test, pain, non-specific low back pain
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Postural Balance, Female, Humans, Lumbosacral Region, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Low Back Pain, Young Adult, Chronic Pain, Torso
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