Intel-correlation and Test-Retest Reliability of the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and Their Correlation with Pain Intensity in Low Back Pain Patients

Grönblad, Mats; Hupli, Markku; Wennerstrand, Pekka; Järvinen, Erkki; Lukinmaa, Asko; Kouri, Jukka-Pekka; Karaharju, Erkki O.

doi:10.1097/00002508-199309000-00006

Cited by 390Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationSpine and Intervertebral Disc PathologyMedical Practices and Rehabilitation

Intel-correlation and Test-Retest Reliability of the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and Their Correlation with Pain Intensity in Low Back Pain Patients

Grönblad, Mats, Hupli, Markku, Wennerstrand, Pekka, Järvinen, Erkki, Lukinmaa, Asko, Kouri, Jukka-Pekka, Karaharju, Erkki O.·1993·The Clinical Journal of Pain

DOI 10.1097/00002508-199309000-00006

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the intercorrelation between subjective disability, as assessed with the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and their correlation with visual analogue scale (VAS) pain intensity ratings. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Questionnaires were administered to 94 patients with chronic low back pain with or without radiation into the legs of at least 3 months' duration. SETTING: Tertiary care center. RESULTS: High correlations were noted between the ODQ and PDI (r = 0.83) and PDI factor 1 (r = 0.84), a subscale of the PDI. Lower correlations were noted between pain intensity (VAS) scores and the ODQ (r = 0.62) and the PDI (r = 0.69). A weaker correlation (r = 0.41) was noted between the ODQ and PDI factor 2. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for test-retest reliability in 20 patients (time interval 1 week) were for the ODQ ICC = 0.83, PDI ICC = 0.91, PDI percentage score ICC = 0.91, PDI factor 1 ICC = 0.87, and PDI factor 2 ICC = 0.73, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that either the PDI or the percentage score PDI and also the even shorter-to-administer PDI factor 1 may be useful and reliable tests for the assessment of subjective disability in low back pain patients. As noted by the moderate intercorrelations with pain intensity scores, both the PDI and the ODQ address a broader concept of disability than that directly related to pain intensity.

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The PDI has good validity and reliability.
“Higher sum scores reflect greater interference of pain with daily activities and good validity and reliability have been demonstrated [34].”
From EFFects of Exposure and Cognitive behavioral Therapy for chronic BACK pain (“EFFECT-BACK”): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [34]

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Method
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Background
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MethodInfluential
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale in African American and Caucasian Workers' Compensation claimants with low back injuries
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“The PDI has established reliability and validity (Chibnall and Tait, 1994; Gronblad et al., 1993; Tait et al., 1990) and its internal consistency reliability in the present sample was 0.93.”
BackgroundInfluential
Severity of Symptoms and Signs in Relation to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings Among Sciatic Patients
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Validity and Reproducibility of Self-report Measures of Walking Capacity in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
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Cost-effectiveness of multilevel hemilaminectomy for lumbar stenosis–associated radiculopathy
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Background
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Background
Traduction en arabe et validation de l’indice d’Oswestry dans une population de lombalgiques Nord-Africains
Guermazi, M., Mezghani, M., Ghroubi, S., Elleuch, M. H., Med, A., Poiraudeau, S., Mrabet, F., Dammak, J., Fermanian, J., Baklouti, S., et al. (2004) · Annales de Réadaptation et de Médecine Physique · doi:10.1016/j.annrmp.2004.06.055 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
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MethodInfluential
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of a German Version of the Oswestry Disability Index and Evaluation of Its Measurement Properties
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Background
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Authors: Grönblad, M., Hupli, M., Wennerstrand, P., Järvinen, E., Lukinmaa, A., Kouri, J.-P., & Karaharju, E. O.
Affiliations: University of Helsinki (FI)
ORCID: Hupli, Markku
Venue: The Clinical Journal of Pain
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1993-09
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Pages: 189-195
ISSN: 0749-8047 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00002508-199309000-00006
OpenAlex: W2040987404
Cited by: 390
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 3.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Clinical Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Keywords: Pain Disability Index, low back pain, disability assessment, pain intensity, test-retest reliability, visual analogue scale
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Surveys and Questionnaires, Low Back Pain

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Intel-correlation and Test-Retest Reliability of the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and Their Correlation with Pain Intensity in Low Back Pain Patients

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