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Interleukin-6 Signaling in Liver-Parenchymal Cells Suppresses Hepatic Inflammation and Improves Systemic Insulin Action
Open accessAbstract
The contribution of interleukin (IL)-6 signaling in obesity-induced inflammation remains controversial. To specifically define the role of hepatic IL-6 signaling in insulin action and resistance, we have generated mice with hepatocyte-specific IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) alpha deficiency (IL-6Ralpha(L-KO) mice). These animals showed no alterations in body weight and fat content but exhibited a reduction in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Impaired glucose metabolism originated from attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle and fat. Surprisingly, hepatic IL-6Ralpha-disruption caused an exaggerated inflammatory response during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp analysis, as revealed by increased expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-10, as well as enhanced activation of inflammatory signaling such as phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha. Neutralization of TNF-alpha or ablation of Kupffer cells restored glucose tolerance in IL-6Ralpha(L-KO) mice. Thus, our results reveal an unexpected role for hepatic IL-6 signaling to limit hepatic inflammation and to protect from local and systemic insulin resistance.
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“Here, regardless of stress-priming, animals lacking hepatic IL6 signaling were significantly more sensitive to endotoxemia, suggesting that the hepatic acute phase response was a required adaptation to endotoxemia (Figure S5B), consistent with previous reports (Castell et al., 1989; Wunderlich et al., 2010).”
From Origin and function of stress-induced IL-6 in murine models (2020) · cites this paper as Wunderlich et al., 2010
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“Mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of IL-6Rα still exhibited reduced insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, suggesting a protective role of hepatic IL-6 signaling (Wunderlich et al., 2010”
From Targeting Interleukin-6 Signaling in Clinic (2019) · cites this paper as Wunderlich et al., 2010
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Interleukin-6 mediates exercise-induced increase in insulin sensitivity in mice
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Interleukin 6-independent metabolic reprogramming as a driver of cancer-related fatigue
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“As tumor-induced reprogramming of hepatic metabolism has been shown to be mediated by interkeukin-6 (IL-6) (Flint et al., 2016; Wunderlich et al., 2010) and reduction of wheel running activity is associated with increased circulating levels of this cytokine (Baltgalvis et al.”
BackgroundCutting Edge: Inhibition of IL-6 Trans-Signaling Protects from Malaria-Induced Lethality in Mice
Wunderlich, C. M., Delić, D., Behnke, K., Meryk, A., Ströhle, P., Chaurasia, B., Al‐Quraishy, S., Wunderlich, F. T., Brüning, J. C., & Wunderlich, F. T. (2012) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1102137 · Cited by 46
“Generation of IL-6Ra mice was done, as described previously (17).”
MethodInfluentialTownsend, L. K., Medak, K. D., Peppler, W. T., Meers, G. M.-E., Rector, R. S., LeBlanc, P. J., & Wright, D. C. (2019) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m092510 · Cited by 44
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“Expression of IL-6 receptor a on hepatocytes is necessary for IL-6 to exert its beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and modulate hepatic inflammation induced by a euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp in mice fed chow diet [7].”
Hepatic IRF3 fuels dysglycemia in obesity through direct regulation of Ppp2r1b
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BackgroundHepatocyte-Specific Ptpn6 Deletion Protects From Obesity-Linked Hepatic Insulin Resistance
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“Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is tightly regulated by the CNS through the autonomous nervous systems (Inoue et al., 2006; Schwartz et al., 2013; Wunderlich et al., 2010).”
An Easy, Convenient Cell and Tissue Extraction Protocol for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics
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Gruber, S. G., Straub, B. K., Ackermann, P., Wunderlich, C. M., Mauer, J., Seeger, J. M., Büning, H., Heukamp, L. C., Kashkar, H., Schirmacher, P., et al. (2013) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.07.023 · Cited by 33
“To study the role of IL-6Ra-dependent signaling in obesityassociated liver carcinogenesis, we crossed IL-6Ra mice (Wunderlich et al., 2010) to deleter Cre mice and intercrossed offspring to yield IL-6Ra mice (Wunderlich et al.”
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“reduced by Tnf-alpha blockade, suggesting a pivotal balance of IL-6 and Tnf-alpha signalling in the liver [43].”
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“Over the last decade this cytokine has attracted particular attention because of its regulatory role on peripheral lipid metabolism [12–14] and contradictory multi-systemic effects on insulin action [15–19].”
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Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (FGFBP3) impacts carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
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BackgroundInterleukin-6 signaling in osteoblasts regulates bone remodeling during exercise
Palmisano, B., Riminucci, M., & Karsenty, G. (2023) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2023.116870 · Cited by 27
“Mice harboring a floxed allele of Il6ra ( Il6r f/f mice) [27] were kindly donated by Jens Brüning (Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany).”
Adipose tissue-derived mediators of systemic inflammation and metabolic control
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Control of Listeria monocytogenes infection requires classical IL-6 signaling in myeloid cells
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Membrane trafficking as an active regulator of constitutively secreted cytokines
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“Mice with conditional knockout of the IL-6 receptor in liver cells show increased IL-6 secretion and higher blood levels of IL-6 (Klein et al., 2005; Wunderlich et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInnate-Immunity Genes in Obesity
Михайлова, С. В., & Иванощук, Д. Е. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11111201 · Cited by 25
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“IL-6RloxP/loxP mice were generated as previously described (82), and LysMcreposIL-6RloxP/loxP mice were raised at the animal facility of the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.”
MethodLu, J., Gu, X., Xue, C., Shi, Q., Jia, J., Cheng, J., Zeng, Y., Chu, Q., Yuan, X., Bao, Z., et al. (2024) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155586 · Cited by 22
Advances in Adipose Tissue Biology
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IL-6 Signaling Attenuates TNF-α Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Modeling toxicodynamic effects of trichloroethylene on liver in mouse model of autoimmune hepatitis
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“, 2005), obesity-associated insulin resistance (Wunderlich et al., 2010), autoimmune cholangitis (Zhang et al.”
Sympathetic nerve-adipocyte interactions in response to acute stress
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“147,148 (2) Trans signaling pathway, which exerts pro-inflammatory effects by binding with sIL-6R, recruiting monocytes, inhibiting T cell apoptosis, and suppressing differentiation of regulatory T cells.”
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“Moreover, IL-6 is required for protection against hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, and lack of IL-6 reversed the effect [61,62].”
BackgroundRoquin Paralogs Differentially Regulate Functional NKT Cell Subsets
Drees, C., Vahl, J. C., Bortoluzzi, S., Heger, K. D., Fischer, J. C., Wunderlich, F. T., Peschel, C., & Schmidt‐Supprian, M. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1601732 · Cited by 18
“CD4Cre (26), Rc3h1 (24), Rc3h2 (22), Va14i (27), IL6Ra, and IL6Ra (28) mice were kept on a C57BL/6 genetic background.”
dos Santos, B., Estadella, D., Hachul, A. C. L., Okuda, M. H., Moreno, M. F., Oyama, L. M., Ribeiro, E. B., & do Nascimento, C. M. D. P. O. (2013) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2013/594958 · Cited by 18
“[51] showed that mice with a hepatic deficiency of IL-6 receptor a (IL-6Ra) develop insulin resistance not only in the liver but also in skeletal muscle and WAT.”
BackgroundAnti-obesity Effect of Alkaline Reduced Water in High Fat-Fed Obese Mice
Ignacio, R. M. C., Kang, T.-Y., Kim, C.-S., Kim, S., Yang, Y.-C., Sohn, J.-H., & Lee, K. (2013) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b12-00781 · Cited by 18
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Hepatic Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase Overexpression Improves Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Mice
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“Wunderlich and colleagues have shown that IL-6 action, which originates from the activation of Kupffer cells in the liver, leads to a restricted inflammation, not only locally but also systemically, and therefore prevents insulin resistance [58].”
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“In this line, it has been reported that classic IL-6 signaling in liver parenchymal cells suppresses hepatic inflammation and improves systemic insulin sensitivity (33).”
BackgroundAssociation of Variants in IL6-Related Genes with Lung Cancer Risk in Moroccan Population
Kaanane, H., Senhaji, N., Berradi, H., Benchakroun, N., Benider, A., Karkouri, M., Attar, H. E., CASA, I., Khyatti, M., & Nadifi, S. (2019) · Lung · doi:10.1007/s00408-019-00261-0 · Cited by 12
Deficiency of T cell CD40L has minor beneficial effects on obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction
Reiche, M. E., den Toom, M., Willemsen, L., van Os, B. W., Gijbels, M. J., Gerdes, N., Aarts, S. A. B. M., & Lutgens, E. (2019) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000829 · Cited by 11
Clementi, A. H., Gaudy, A. M., Zimmers, T. A., Koniaris, L. G., & Mooney, R. A. (2011) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.04.004 · Cited by 14
“Additionally, a hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamp elicited a strong inflammatory response in the Wunderlich study [37].”
BackgroundInfluentialClonal hematopoiesis and risk of chronic liver diseasePreprint
Wong, W. J., Emdin, C. A., Bick, A. G., Zekavat, S. M., Niroula, A., Pirruccello, J. P., Dichtel, L. E., Griffin, G. K., Uddin, M. M., Gibson, C. J., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.01.17.22269409 · Cited by 12
“The role of IL-6 in steatohepatitis is complex, with dual activity in the acute-phase response and liver regeneration 30,31 .”
Hepatoprotective effects of sericin on aging-induced liver damage in mice
Bagheri, Y., Sadigh‐Eteghad, S., Fathi, E., Mahmoudi, J., Abdollahpour, A., Namini, N. J., Malekinejad, Z., Mokhtari, K., Barati, A., & Montazersaheb, S. (2021) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-021-02160-9 · Cited by 12
Zeng, B., Wu, R., Chen, Y., Chen, W., Liu, Y., Liao, X., Guo, G., & Wang, X. (2022) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2022.146224 · Cited by 11
Contribution of organokines in the development of NAFLD/NASH associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Vachher, M., Bansal, S., Kumar, B., Yadav, S., Arora, T. K., Wali, N. M., & Burman, A. (2022) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.30252 · Cited by 11
“IL‐6 signaling in liver‐ parenchymal cells suppresses hepatic inflammation and improves systemic insulin action in mice.(347) It is known to promote liver regeneration and is protective against several forms of liver damage including toxins, alcohol, ischemia and reperfusion.”
BackgroundInterleukins in adipose tissue: Keeping the balance
Antuna-Puente, B., Fellahi, S., McAvoy, C., Fève, B., & Bastard, J. (2021) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2021.111531 · Cited by 11
Minafra, A. R., Chadt, A., Rafii, P., Al‐Hasani, H., Behnke, K., & Scheller, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1028808 · Cited by 9
“Moreover, enhanced inflammation in liver and skeletal muscles and insulin resistance was observed in hepatocyte-specific IL-6R deficient animals (4), as well as increased insulin resistance in wholebody IL-6 KO mice (5) and increased body weight in astrocytespecific IL-6 deficient mice (6).”
BackgroundSilva, L. D. L. S. E., Fernandes, M. S. D. S., Kubrusly, M. S., Muller, C. R., Américo, A. L. V., Stefano, J. T., Evangelista, F. S., de Oliveira, C. P. M. S., & Jukemura, J. (2020) · Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology · doi:10.2147/ceg.s242393 · Cited by 11
Spiers, J. G., Steiger, N., Khadka, A., Juliani, J., Hill, A. F., Lavidis, N. A., Anderson, S. T., & Chen, H. C. (2020) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.014 · Cited by 12
Normal Adipose Tissue Biology: Adipocytokines and Inflammation
Kim, J., & Bajaj, M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.02006-2 · Cited by 9
Obesity‐induced renal impairment is exacerbated in interleukin‐6‐knockout mice
Harcourt, B. E., Forbes, J. M., & Matthews, V. B. (2011) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01547.x · Cited by 9
“IL-6-/- mice on a chow diet have previously been shown to develop insulin resistance.(19) Interleukin-6 has previously been shown to play a vital role in wound healing via modulation of collagen deposition.”
BackgroundHookworm infection aggravates metabolic disorder in obesity
da Silva, V. J., Dias, S. R. C., Alves, W. P., Furtado, L. F. V., Serafim, L. R., Moreira, T. B., de Aguiar, P. H. N., Faria, A. M. C., & Rabelo, É. M. L. (2019) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111200 · Cited by 9
Wu, O., Yuan, C., Leng, J., Zhang, X., Liu, W. Y., Yang, F., Zhang, H., Li, J., Khederzadeh, S., Jiang, Z., et al. (2023) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156226 · Cited by 8
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue
Martínez‐Fernández, L., Fernández‐Galilea, M., Félix‐Soriano, E., Escoté, X., González‐Muniesa, P., & Moreno-Aliaga, M. J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812504-5.00004-0 · Cited by 9
Cutting Edge: IL-6–Driven Immune Dysregulation Is Strictly Dependent on IL-6R α-Chain Expression
Mufazalov, I. A., Andruszewski, D., Schelmbauer, C., Heink, S., Blanfeld, M., Masri, J., Tang, Y., Schüler, R., Eich, C., Wunderlich, F. T., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1900876 · Cited by 9
“Mice with conditional Il6ra allele (Il6ra flox) (11) and CD11c-Cre mice (12) have been previously described.”
BackgroundIL-6 Signaling in Myelomonocytic Cells Is Not Crucial for the Development of IMQ-Induced Psoriasis
Klebow, S., Hahn, M., Nikoalev, A., Wunderlich, F. T., Hövelmeyer, N., Karbach, S. H., & Waisman, A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151913 · Cited by 8
“In contrast to that, the liver-specific deletion of the IL-6Rα gene had not resulted in decreased levels of the soluble IL-6Rα in the blood as described previously [29].”
MethodResultPeng, R., Yang, W., Shao, W., Pan, B., Zhu, Y., Zhang, Y., Kan, H., Xu, Y., & Ying, Z. (2022) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114253 · Cited by 8
Ashour, L., Habashneh, R. A., Al-Mrahelh, M. M., Abuarqoub, D. A., Khader, Y. S., Jafar, H. D., & Awidi, A. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-020-00602-4 · Cited by 7
Lin, Y., Sun, J., Fang, S., Li, C., Yang, X., Yuan, H., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-08121-z · Cited by 7
“…SII and SIRI observed in this study reflect systemic immune activation in this process: adipose-derived IL-6 stimulates neutrophil production 36 , leptin and other adipokines enhance platelet activity 37 , and increased expression of vascular endothelial adhesion molecules promotes monocyte…”
Skeletal Muscle as Endocrine Organ
Ma, M., Zhang, Z., Hai, B., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88361-3_22 · Cited by 9
The Role of Interleukin (IL)-6/IL-6 Receptor Axis in Cancer
Mir, M. A., Bashir, M., & Jan, N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-4657-0_5 · Cited by 6
Proinflammatory and Immunoregulatory Functions of Interleukin 6 as Identified by Reverse Genetics
Drutskaya, M. S., Gogoleva, V. S., Атретханы, К.-С. Н., Gubernatorova, E. O., Zvartsev, R. V., Nosenko, M. A., & Nedospasov, S. A. (2018) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026893318060055 · Cited by 5
Zhang, B., Li, W., Li, X.-K., Zhu, M., Che, W., & Xu, Y. (2012) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2012.713 · Cited by 5
“Our data also demonstrated that treatment with tesaglitazar decreased serum concentrations of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP. Tesaglitazar also reduced the mRNA levels of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 in the liver of diabetic mice.”
BackgroundInfluentialGao, S., Li, F., Wu, D., Ma, R., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Han, Z., He, Q., Li, J., Liu, C., et al. (2025) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.202500367 · Cited by 4
Novel drug discovery strategies for the treatment of decompensated cirrhosis
Lamatsch, S., Sittner, R., Tacke, F., & Engelmann, C. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2022.2020755 · Cited by 4
Cao, M., & Cui, B. (2024) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02222-1 · Cited by 5
“Enhanced inflammation in liver and skeletal muscles and insulin resistance was observed in hepatocyte-specific IL6R deficient animals [52, 53].”
BackgroundДруцкая, М. С., Gogoleva, V. S., Атретханы, К.-С. Н., Gubernatorova, E. O., Zvartsev, R. V., Nosenko, M. A., & Nedospasov, S. A. (2018) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026898418060058 · Cited by 4
Feng, B., Zhang, N., Duan, K., & Shi, B. (2017) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.13449 · Cited by 4
“Surprisingly, IL-6 could also promote hepatic cell survival and breakdown of glycogen [30, 31], which was in line with the LPS-induced decrease in liver glycogen content in our study.”
ResultPedersen, B. K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11251-0_31 · Cited by 4
Chen, X., Zhao, H., Meng, F., Shen, J., Tang, C., Lu, Z., & Lu, Y. (2025) · Journal of Future Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jfutfo.2024.11.014 · Cited by 4
Liu, T., Hou, X., Luo, Y., Jiang, X., Gao, K., Lv, J., Wang, L., Zhou, Y., Fu, Z., & Liu, Z. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-12732-x · Cited by 3
Makioka‐Itaya, Y., Inoüe, R., & Tsukahara, T. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16132031 · Cited by 3
IL-6 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – good, evil or both?
Buechler, C. (2012) · Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.4172/2161-1017.1000e101 · Cited by 3
“Mice where IL-6 receptor has been specifically ablated in liver parenchymal cells have increased hepatic inflammation and impaired hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity [31].”
BackgroundChen, C. A., Carolan, P. C., & Annes, J. P. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044600 · Cited by 2
“Glucose tolerance tests were performed 2 days post tail vein injection on mice that received either GLuc (25 mg) and H2B-cherry (25 mg), or: A. GLuc and IL-11 (25 mg) (n = 9 animals per group).”
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Lanton, T., Levkovitch‐Siany, O., Udi, S., Tam, J., Abramovitch, R., Perles, S., Williams, E. G., Rachmilewitz, J., Mor, U., Elinav, E., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.24.309716 · Cited by 3
Wang, Y., Shi, S., Wei, X., Wu, Y., Shi, Y., & Cai, J. (2025) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s519284 · Cited by 1
“23 C-peptide, as a marker of pancreatic beta-cell function, is closely associated with insulin resistance.”
Increased levels of systemic iron content in adult-onset interleukin-6 knockout mice
Zhang, F., Zhang, C., Luo, Q., Li, J., Qiu, X., & Qian, Z. (2025) · Redox Report · doi:10.1080/13510002.2025.2602306 · Cited by 1
“Liver-specific knockout of the IL-6 receptor, the levels of the cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 are all increased [46].”
Catellani, C., Cirillo, F., Graziano, S., Montanini, L., Marmiroli, N., Gullì, M., & Street, M. E. (2022) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v93i3.12842 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Wunderlich, F. T., Ströhle, P., Könner, A. C., Gruber, S., Tovar, S., Brönneke, H. S., Juntti-Berggren, L., Li, L.-S., van Rooijen, N., Libert, C., Berggren, P.-O., & Brüning, J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Cologne (DE)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (DE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Brüning, Jens C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 237-249
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090699565
- Cited by
- 229
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 10.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1086 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1492-7-1, SFB 635, SFB 832)
- Novartis Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Keywords
- IL-6 signaling, IL-6 receptor alpha, hepatocytes, liver inflammation, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, TNF-α, Kupffer cells, obesity-associated inflammation, insulin-stimulated glucose transport, NF-κB signaling, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Energy Metabolism, Glucose, Glycogen, Homeostasis, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Kupffer Cells, Liver, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10, Mice, Knockout, Receptors, Interleukin-6, Adiposity, Mice
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