Metformin Activates AMPK through the Lysosomal Pathway

The Kinase LKB1 Mediates Glucose Homeostasis in Liver and Therapeutic Effects of Metformin

Shaw, R. J., Lamia, K. A., Vasquez, D., Koo, S.-H., Bardeesy, N., DePinho, R. A., Montminy, M., & Cantley, L. C. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1120781 · Cited by 1,950

AMPK Phosphorylates and Inhibits SREBP Activity to Attenuate Hepatic Steatosis and Atherosclerosis in Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mice

Li, Y., Xu, S., Mihaylova, M. M., Zheng, B., Hou, X., Jiang, B., Park, O., Luo, Z., Lefai, É., Shyy, J. Y.-J., et al. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.009 · Cited by 1,840

Metformin: from mechanisms of action to therapies

Foretz, M., Guigas, B., Bertrand, L., Pollak, M., & Viollet, B. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.09.018 · Cited by 1,501

Metformin as a tool to target aging

Barzilai, N., Crandall, J. P., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Espeland, M. A. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.011 · Cited by 1,096 · cited 1×

Single phosphorylation sites in Acc1 and Acc2 regulate lipid homeostasis and the insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin

Fullerton, M. D., Galic, S., Marcinko, K., Sikkema, S., Pulinilkunnil, T., Chen, Z.-P., O'Neill, H. M., Ford, R. J., Palanivel, R., O'Brien, M., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3372 · Cited by 893

AMPK—Sensing Energy while Talking to Other Signaling Pathways

Hardie, D. G. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.09.013 · Cited by 597

The Lysosomal v-ATPase-Ragulator Complex Is a Common Activator for AMPK and mTORC1, Acting as a Switch between Catabolism and Anabolism

Zhang, C., Jiang, B., Li, M., Zhu, M., Peng, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, Y., Li, T. Y., Yu, L., Lu, Z., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.06.014 · Cited by 565

AMPK at the Nexus of Energetics and Aging

Burkewitz, K., Zhang, Y., & Mair, W. B. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.002 · Cited by 483

Metformin Action: Concentrations Matter

He, L., & Wondisford, F. E. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.01.003 · Cited by 448

AMP as a Low-Energy Charge Signal Autonomously Initiates Assembly of AXIN-AMPK-LKB1 Complex for AMPK Activation

Zhang, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, C., Lin, S., Yin, Z., Peng, Y., Luo, H., Shi, Y., Lian, G., Zhang, C., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.09.005 · Cited by 278

AXIN-AMPK signaling: Implications for healthy aging

Mallick, A., & Gupta, B. P. (2021) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.74220.1 · Cited by 6

Metformin therapy and severity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a meta-analysis

Oscanoa, T. J., Amado, J., Vidal, X., Savarino, A., & Romero‐Ortuño, R. (2021) · Clinical Diabetology · doi:10.5603/dk.a2021.0035 · Cited by 6

Pioneers: Glucose Sensing and Control of Health-span and Lifespan

Lin, S. (2026) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2026.169634 · Cited by 5

Concept and connotation of the geroprotective and anti-aging effects of metformin: From AMPK activation to SASP suppression

Aedh, A. I., Al‐kuraishy, H. M., Shokr, M. M., Alruwaili, M., & Batiha, G. E. (2026) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2026.112802 · Cited by 7

PEN2: Metformin’s new partner at lysosome

Sakamoto, K., & Jessen, N. (2022) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-022-00661-7 · Cited by 5

Metformin in Oncology – How Far Is Its Repurposing as an Anticancer Drug?

Pácal, L., & Kaňková, K. (2020) · Klinicka onkologie · doi:10.14735/amko2020107 · Cited by 6

Autophagic Blockage by Metformin-Loaded Plga Nanoparticles Causes Cell Cycle Arrest of Hepg2 Cells

Chen, C., Li, Y., Peng, Y., Zhang, W. J., Yang, X. X., & Zhou, W. (2024) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm-2023-0160 · Cited by 4

CLN5 deficiency impairs glucose uptake and uncovers PHGDH as a potential biomarker in Batten disease

Marchese, M., Bernardi, S., Vivarelli, R., Doccini, S., Santucci, L., Ogi, A., Licitra, R., Zang, J., Soliymani, R., Mero, S., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03043-8 · Cited by 6

LGR5/mTORC2 axis regulates cellular metabolic plasticity to maintain tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Lv, G., Zong, Q., Wang, L., Lv, H., Wu, Z., Liu, C., Wang, S., Cao, D., Wang, Y., & Yang, W. (2025) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2025.217978 · Cited by 4

IMPACT OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ON RISK AND OUTCOME OF COVID-19 INFECTION: A REVIEW

Zainal, A. A., & Merkhan, M. M. (2022) · Military Medical Science Letters · doi:10.31482/mmsl.2022.004 · Cited by 6

Evaluation of PEN2-ATP6AP1 axis as an antiparasitic target for metformin based on phylogeny analysis and molecular docking

Liu, C., Zhang, S., Xue, J., Zhang, H., & Yin, J. (2023) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111580 · Cited by 4

Preventive and (Neo)Adjuvant Therapeutic Effects of Metformin on Cancer

Jiao, Y., Wang, X., & Luo, Z. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.91291 · Cited by 4

Rationale for the use of metformin and exercise to counteract statin‐associated side effects

Haxhi, J., & Thompson, P. D. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.13900 · Cited by 4

Metabolic‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Novel Therapies

Cooper, J., Patel, P., Tristeza, J., & Yang, A. (2025) · International Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1155/ijh/5580454 · Cited by 3

Acetylation in Cardiac Aging: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Approaches

Hase, A. D., & Banerjee, S. (2025) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91459-1_9 · Cited by 3

Metformin mitigates aortic valve degeneration in an ex vivo three-dimensional tissue model

Schoettler, F. I., Weber, A., Schmidt, V., Bauer, S. J., Immohr, M. B., Lichtenberg, A., Akhyari, P., & Barth, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-31070-6 · Cited by 3

Engineering Immune Cell to Counteract Aging and Aging‐Associated Diseases

Guo, J., Lei, L., Jin, Y., Su, L., Cui, S., & Shi, L. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202521776 · Cited by 3

Therapeutic metformin concentrations positively regulate proliferation in endometrial epithelial cells via mTOR activation and augmented mitochondrial strength

Imran, M., Sachdeva, G., Menon, S. R., Das, D. K., Davuluri, S., Acharya, K. K., & Chaudhari, U. K. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2022-0307 · Cited by 4

The Roles of Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Central Nervous System Demyelination and Remyelination

Kaffe, D., Kaplanis, S. I., & Karagogeos, D. (2023) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb45120596 · Cited by 4

Methods to Determine Lysosomal AMPK Activation

Zhang, C., & Lin, S. (2025) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4284-9_5 · Cited by 2

GSK621 ameliorates lipid accumulation via AMPK pathways and reduces oxidative stress in hepatocytes in vitro and in obese mice in vivo.

Wang, X., Li, G.-B., Liu, J., Gong, W., & Li, R.-X. (2025) · Life Science · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123687 · Cited by 3

Long-Term Metformin Use and Reduced Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Hong, A. T., Luu, I. Y.-K., Keenan, J. D., & Stewart, J. M. (2025) · Ophthalmology Retina · doi:10.1016/j.oret.2025.07.018 · Cited by 3

Données récentes sur le mécanisme d’action de la metformine dans le diabète de type 2

Foretz, M., Guigas, B., & Viollet, B. (2021) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/j.mmm.2021.09.005 · Cited by 3

Lipid metabolism part I

Koltai, T., Reshkin, S. J., Baltazar, F., & Fliegel, L. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90528-2.00013-8 · Cited by 2

Targeting autophagy in urological system cancers: From underlying mechanisms to therapeutic implications

Yuan, Z., He, J., Li, Z., Fan, B., Zhang, L., & Man, X. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189196 · Cited by 3

A New Understanding of Metformin

Hardie, D. G. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820472-6.00099-2 · Cited by 3

From glucose sensing to a unified model of AMPK and mTOR regulation

Fu, S. (2017) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2017.08.001 · Cited by 3

Lithocholic acid targets TULP3 to activate sirtuins and AMPK to retard ageingPreprint

Qu, Q., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Long, S., Wang, W., Yang, H.-Y., Wu, J., Li, M., Tian, X., Wei, X., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.07.570558 · Cited by 3

Research Progress of Chinese Medicine Monomers in Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma

Wang, X., Wang, X.-Q., Luo, K., He, B., Qi, J., & Zhang, G.-X. (2024) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-024-4203-9 · Cited by 2

Metformin inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through inducing ferroptosis analyzed by phosphoproteomics

Sun, J., Yu, X., Shan, Y., Dai, M., Gaucherot, A., Lu, C., & Mao, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1531420 · Cited by 2

Nelumbo nucifera extract alleviates UVB-induced hyperpigmentation via NOX4-mediated AMPK-YAP-ATG5 signaling pathway

Wen, C., Li, J., Li, C., Song, X., Lv, P., Chen, J., Wang, D., Zhao, S., Tai, M., & Shen, X. (2026) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2026.157857 · Cited by 2

Translational control of AMPK activity in melanoma

Vadovičová, N., Lešková, A., Kozdonova, K., Smolkova, K., Valčíková, B., Kafka, F., Potěšil, D., Zdráhal, Z., Vacek, O., Víchová, R., et al. (2026) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-026-02901-4 · Cited by 2

Metformin Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase–Transcription Factor EB Signaling to Restore Lysosomal and Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Suppress Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Oxidative Stress–Injured Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Son, S., Kim, Y., Jang, K., & Kim, D. (2026) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2026.05.009 · Cited by 3

TorS ‐ Reframing a rational for type 2 diabetes treatment

Bar‐Tana, J. (2023) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3712 · Cited by 2

AMPK signaling in autophagy induction

Behera, B. P., & Bhutia, S. K. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90142-0.00002-5 · Cited by 2

Rol de la metformina en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus gestacional: situación actual

Miranda, P. J. P., Palacios, L. P. T., Cueva, J. L. C., Avilés, G. A. H., Maldonado, E. I. B., Moya, J. I. E., Moya, J. R. E., Acosta, J. M. S., & Lozada, E. M. V. (2019) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 2

Metformin Induces Ferroptosis byInhibiting UFMylation of SLC7A11 in Breast CancerPreprint

Yang, J., Zhou, Y., Xie, S., Ji, W., Li, Z., Chen, L., Mao, M., Chen, C., Huang, A., Chen, Y., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-446847/v1 · Cited by 2

Metformin inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells by inducing degradation of mutant p53 proteinPreprint

Wu, G., Zhang, M., Meng, Y., Ying, Y., Zhang, S., Chen, M., Li, D., Yang, S., & Luo, M. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3174433/v1 · Cited by 2

Enhancing metabolic and inflammatory status in insulin-resistant rats: Acute intervention with cocoa flavanols and submaximal aerobic exercise activates intracellular signaling pathways for glucose metabolism

Melo, B. P., Zacarias, A. C., de Oliveira, J. C. C., Cordeiro, L. M. D. S., Horta, N. A. C., Poletini, M. O., Tonoli, C., dos Santos, M. L., Wanner, S. P., MEEUSEN, R. R., et al. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.11.043 · Cited by 2

ToF-SIMS Reveals Metformin-Driven Restoration of Hepatic Lipid and Amino Acid Profiles in a Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model

Skalska, M., Kaźmierczak, M., Capcarová, M., Kalafová, A., Jaszcza, K., & Wojtysiak, D. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27010105 · Cited by 1

Lysosomal dysfunction in diabetes and diabetic complications

Chen, X., Huang, L., Xiao, Z., & Liu, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1794600 · Cited by 1

GLUT1/SGLT1 balance associates with high-glucose buffering of metformin-induced lysosomal deacidification and mTORC1 inhibition in colorectal cancer

Allal, B.-E., Mendonça, S., Bounaama, A., Fresco, P., Djerdjouri, B., Gonçalves, J., & Velho, S. (2026) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.179242 · Cited by 1

Glucose acts as a ligand for glucokinase to trigger postprandial secretion of GLP-1

Li, C., Li, M., Yang, H.-Y., Tian, X., Zhang, C., Zhao, L., Wu, J., Zhang, C., Liu, S., Yang, X., et al. (2026) · Vita · doi:10.15302/vita.2026.07.0059 · Cited by 2

Alagebrium Mitigates Metabolic Insults in High Carbohydrate and High Fat Diet Fed Wistar Rats

Hassan, S., Moustafa, A., Kabil, S. L., & Mahmoud, N. M. (2020) · Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.34172/ps.2019.66 · Cited by 1

Lipid metabolism part II

Koltai, T., Reshkin, S. J., Baltazar, F., & Fliegel, L. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90528-2.00012-6 · Cited by 2

Combined Administration of Metformin and Vitamin D: A Futuristic Approach for Management of Hyperglycemia

Tyagi, S., & Mani, S. (2023) · Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0118715257261643231018102928 · Cited by 1

Does Metformin Satisfy as an Option for Host-Directed Therapy in COVID-19?

Thangaraju, P., Jindal, A., Venkatesan, S., Gurunthalingam, M. P., Venkatesan, N., & Thangaraju, E. (2020) · Anti-Infective Agents · doi:10.2174/2211352518999201006113913 · Cited by 1

Lithocholic acid phenocopies rejuvenating and life-extending effects of calorie restrictionPreprint

Qu, Q., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Long, S., Wang, W., Yang, H.-Y., Li, M., Tian, X., Wei, X., Liu, Y., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.07.570559 · Cited by 1

AMPK acts to remove immune barriers to CD8 + T cell-mediated immunity against hepatocellular carcinomaPreprint

Hu, H.-H., Wang, X., Lan, B., Cheng, H., Wen, H. M., Chen, F., Wu, J., Li, M., Chen, J., Chen, D., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.12.16.628539 · Cited by 1

Mechanisms of activation and inhibition of the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)

Dite, T. A. (2018) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)

Mechanisms By Which Glucose Lowering Therapies Reduce Obesity And Atherosclerosis

Day, E. A. (2020) · MacSphere (McMaster University) · doi:10.71548/25269

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neuronal TORC1 modulates longevity via AMPK and cell nonautonomous regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in C. elegans.

Lee, S., Kim, E. J. E., & Park, S. (2019) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.736422675.793569072

25-Hydroxycholesterol Regulates Lysosome AMPK Activation and Metabolism Reprograming to Educate Immunosuppressive MacrophagesPreprint

Wang, H., Xiao, J., Wang, S., Chen, L., Tang, H., Ding, X., Ye, Y., Yang, D., Zheng, Y., Li, N., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1747773/v1

Metformin and type 2 diabetes in the era of cardiovascular outcome trials; A narrative review

Kitsios, K., Trakatelli, C., Sarigianni, M., Kyriazidou, Α., Aroutsidis, F., Mastrogiannis, Κ., & Kotsis, V. (2022) · Journal of Atherosclerosis Prevention and Treatment · doi:10.53590/japt.02.1035

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may cause liver injury via Na+/H+ exchanger

Cüre, M. C., & Cüre, E. (2023) · World Journal of Virology · doi:10.5501/wjv.v12.i1.12

Anti-cancer Efficacy of Metformin: Recent Updates on Breast and Other Cancers

Kabir, M. I., Kumar, R., Bugata, L. S. P., & Raina, K. (2023) · Current Pharmacology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40495-023-00336-w

ADVANTAGES OF METFORMIN FOR A DIVERSITY OF DISEASES

Jaiswal, H., Panda, P. D., & Bharatia, R. (2023) · International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR) · doi:10.48165/ijppronline.2023.14106

Mitophagy inducers as potential therapeutic agents

D'Arcy, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15260-3.00004-1

Einflussfaktoren auf das gastrointestinale Mikrobiom

Macke, L., & Vasapolli, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-68455-9_7

Asociación del síndrome de ovario poliquístico e hígado graso en mujeres: revisión de la literatura

Vergel, D. C. A., & Quintero, C. Y. S. (2025) · Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología · doi:10.22516/25007440.1238

Reframing metformin as a gut-targeted glucose-lowering therapy: Mechanistic insights and translational relevance

Wu, T., Horowitz, M., Jones, K. L., & Rayner, C. K. (2025) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102276

Additional file 3 of Metformin induces Ferroptosis by inhibiting UFMylation of SLC7A11 in breast cancer

Yang, J., Zhou, Y., 谢树夺, Wang, J., Li, Z., Chen, L., Mao, M., Chen, C., Huang, A., Chen, Y., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14833315

Additional file 4 of Metformin induces Ferroptosis by inhibiting UFMylation of SLC7A11 in breast cancer

Yang, J., Zhou, Y., 谢树夺, Wang, J., Li, Z., Chen, L., Mao, M., Chen, C., Huang, A., Chen, Y., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14833318

Additional file 1 of Metformin induces Ferroptosis by inhibiting UFMylation of SLC7A11 in breast cancer

Yang, J., Zhou, Y., 谢树夺, Wang, J., Li, Z., Chen, L., Mao, M., Chen, C., Huang, A., Chen, Y., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14833309

Additional file 1 of Metformin normalizes mitochondrial function to delay astrocyte senescence in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease through Mfn2-cGAS signaling

Wang, M., Tian, T., Zhou, H., Jiang, S.-Y., Jiao, Y.-Y., Zhu, Z., Xia, J., Ma, J.-H., & Du, R.-H. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25530301

Additional file 5 of Metformin induces Ferroptosis by inhibiting UFMylation of SLC7A11 in breast cancer

Yang, J., Zhou, Y., 谢树夺, Wang, J., Li, Z., Chen, L., Mao, M., Chen, C., Huang, A., Chen, Y., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14833321

Additional file 2 of Metformin induces Ferroptosis by inhibiting UFMylation of SLC7A11 in breast cancer

Yang, J., Zhou, Y., 谢树夺, Wang, J., Li, Z., Chen, L., Mao, M., Chen, C., Huang, A., Chen, Y., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14833312

Effects of Metformin on Leukemia: Biological Mechanisms, Targets, and Treatment Possibilities

Dana, P., & Deezagi, A. (2025) · Journal of Blood and Cancer · doi:10.61882/ijbc.17.3.35

Glucose is a ligand-like trigger for secretion of postprandial GLP-1Preprint

Li, C. M., Li, M., Yang, H.-Y., Tian, X., Zhang, C., Zhao, L., Wu, J., Zhang, C., Liu, S., Yang, X., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.04.697549

Overcoming mucus trapping by engineering PEGylated self-nanoemulsions for enhanced oral absorption of a novel AMPK activator

Tao, J., Wei, Y., Zhao, M., Dong, Z., Wei, Z., Li, S., Zhao, J., Yang, J., & Qi, J. (2026) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.126704

Rôle de la dérégulation neuronale de la protéine kinase activée par l’AMP (AMPK) dans la pathologie tau, l’intégrité des synapses et le métabolisme énergétique : relevance pour la maladie d’Alzheimer

Domise, M. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/43c1f12fze623z41e8z970fz64a5de94a299

Implications de la signalisation de la protéine kinase activée par l’AMP (AMPK) dans les dysfonctions mitochondriales, la pathologie amyloïde et Tau, et la neuroinflammation dans la maladie d’Alzheimer

Mary, A. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/868e288ezd237z49c1z866fzf618e1462aab

Complex I Inhibition Redirects Autophagy from Bulk Turnover to Mitochondrial ClearancePreprint

Mutawi, T. M. A., Malvankar, S. R., Graziani, A., Shah, U., Nguyen, K., Broadbent, D. G., Clark, Z., Rekowski, M. J., Lunte, S. M., & Barnaba, C. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.04.730191

Supra-additive neuroprotective effects of berberine–metformin combination in diabetic encephalopathy: Chou–Talalay synergy quantification, AMPK–Nrf2 axis modulation, and pharmacokinetic verification

Filfilan, W. M., & El‐Beeh, M. E. (2026) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-026-01910-z

Current diabetes drugs: Lessons learned and implications for next-generation therapeutics

Liao, J., Cong, Z., Liu, K., Que, H., & Liu, F. (2026) · The Innovation Drug Discovery · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-drugdisc.2026.100008

Metformin improves mitophagy-related pathways and mitochondrial-lysosomal homeostasis in chromosome 21 trisomic fibroblasts

Mollo, N., NATALE, R., D'Ariano, M., Coppola, S., Meglio, D. D., Limone, A., Calì, G., D’Agostino, C., Pastore, N., Sarnataro, D., et al. (2026) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-026-06355-2

Lithocholic acid alleviates fatty liver in mice and non-human primate macaques

Qu, Q., Chen, Y., Shen, G., Huang, X., Li, F.-H., Wang, X., Zhang, C., Wei, Z., Xie, L., Wu, J., et al. (2026) · Life Metabolism · doi:10.1093/lifemeta/loag023

Beyond Glycemic Control: Metformin’s Multi-Target Role in Preventing and Treating Major Ocular Pathologies

Liu, Z., Li, H., Wang, C., Wang, T., & Jiao, X. (2026) · Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/10807683261474426

The R2TP Complex Couples mTORC1 Signaling to Vacuolar ATPase Assembly and Lysosomal Function

Zhang, X., Wu, M., Zhu, Q., Zhuang, X., Dong, Y., Zhang, S., & Lu, J. (2026) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.70133

Mechanisms of Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Its Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes

Onyango, A. N. (2026) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cph4.70285

Metformina e AMPK: Um Antigo Fármaco e Uma Nova Enzima no Contexto da Síndrome Metabólica perspectivas

Cézar, A., Júnior, S., Lopes, M. R. U., Santomauro, A. T. M. G., Souto, P. D., & André, S. (2008) · Cited by 2

Low-dose metformin targets the lysosomal AMPK pathway through PEN2

Ma, T., Tian, X., Zhang, B., Li, M., Wang, Y., Yang, C., Wu, J., Wei, X., Qu, Q., Yu, Y., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04431-8 · Cited by 644

Metformin as an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase. Known and new mechanisms of action

Mkrtumyan, A. M., Маркова, Т. Н., Ovchinnikova, M. A., Ivanova, I. A., & Kuzmenko, K. V. (2023) · Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.14341/dm13044 · Cited by 7

Metformin extends C. elegans lifespan through lysosomal pathway

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