Cited by 341Amino Acid Enzymes and MetabolismCancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismBiochemical and Molecular Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

As Extracellular Glutamine Levels Decline, Asparagine Becomes an Essential Amino Acid

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Abstract

When mammalian cells are deprived of glutamine, exogenous asparagine rescues cell survival and growth. Here we report that this rescue results from use of asparagine in protein synthesis. All mammalian cell lines tested lacked cytosolic asparaginase activity and could not utilize asparagine to produce other amino acids or biosynthetic intermediates. Instead, most glutamine-deprived cell lines are capable of sufficient glutamine synthesis to maintain essential amino acid uptake and production of glutamine-dependent biosynthetic precursors, with the exception of asparagine. While experimental introduction of cytosolic asparaginase could enhance the synthesis of glutamine and increase tricarboxylic acid cycle anaplerosis and the synthesis of nucleotide precursors, cytosolic asparaginase suppressed the growth and survival of cells in glutamine-depleted medium in vitro and severely compromised the in vivo growth of tumor xenografts. These results suggest that the lack of asparaginase activity represents an evolutionary adaptation to allow mammalian cells to survive pathophysiologic variations in extracellular glutamine.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.12.006

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Metadata

Authors
Pavlova, N. N., Hui, S., Ghergurovich, J. M., Fan, J., Intlekofer, A. M., White, R. M., Rabinowitz, J. D., Thompson, C. B., & Zhang, J.
Affiliations
  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
  • Princeton University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Thompson, Craig B.
  • Zhang, Ji
Venue
Cell Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-02
Volume
27
Issue
2
Pages
428-438.e5
ISSN
1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2783201301
Cited by
341
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 39 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 17
FWCI
13.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
  • Purdue University Indianapolis (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
  • PMC
Funders
  • National Cancer Institute (P30 CA008748)
  • Terri Brodeur Breast Cancer Foundation
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
Keywords
asparagine, glutamine deprivation, essential amino acids, protein synthesis, glutamine synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, tumor xenografts, amino acid metabolism, cell survival
MeSH terms
Amino Acids, Essential, Animals, Asparaginase, Asparagine, Cell Line, Extracellular Space, Female, Glutamine, Humans, Mammals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Substrate Specificity, Protein Biosynthesis, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation

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