Promoting learning in online, ill-structured problem solving: The effects of scaffolding type and metacognition level
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Reflective thinking is positively associated with cognitive presence and academic achievement.
“Reflective thinking is positively associated with cognitive presence and academic achievement (Kim & Lim, 2019).”
From Measuring undergraduate students’ reliance on generative AI during problem-solving: Scale development and validation. (2025) · cites this paper as Kim & Lim, 2019
Cites
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
Flavell, J. H. (1979) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.34.10.906 · Cited by 11,282 · see citing works
Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning
Sweller, J. (1988) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7 · Cited by 11,048 · see citing works
THE ROLE OF TUTORING IN PROBLEM SOLVING <sup>*</sup>
Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.x · Cited by 8,851 · see citing works
Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (1999) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/s1096-7516(00)00016-6 · Cited by 6,619 · see citing works
Problem-based learning in medicine and beyond: A brief overview
Barrows, H. S. (1996) · New Directions for Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1002/tl.37219966804 · Cited by 2,007 · see citing works
Azevedo, R., Moos, D. C., Greene, J. A., Winters, F. I., & Cromley, J. G. (2008) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-007-9067-0 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Toward the development of a metacognition construct for communities of inquiry
Garrison, D. R., & Akyol, Z. (2015) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2014.10.001 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
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Hou, C., Zhu, G., Sudarshan, V., Lim, F. S., & Ong, Y. S. (2025) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105329 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Lee, H.-Y., Chen, P.-H., Lin, C.-J., Huang, Y.-M., & Wu, T.-T. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13733-z · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zhou, R., He, X., Fan, Q., Li, Y., Li, Y., Xiao, X., & Fang, J. (2025) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1111/jcal.70077 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kim, J. Y., & Lim, K. Y.
- Affiliations
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- Ewha Womans University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lim, Kyu Yon
- Venue
- Computers & Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 138
- Pages
- 116-129
- ISSN
- 0360-1315 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2944281545
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 17.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computers & Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Keywords
- scaffolding, metacognition, cognitive presence, social presence, teaching presence, problem-solving performance, achievement, instructional design course, web-based learning environment, lesson plan design
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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