Automated detection of emotional and cognitive engagement in MOOC discussions to predict learning achievement
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Leveraging use cases of LLMs in tasks such as creating knowledge representation and classifying cognitive levels could potentially facilitate transition from outcome-focused to process-focused assessments.
“Intriguingly, leveraging the use cases of LLMs in tasks such as creating knowledge representation (Zheng et al., 2023) and classifying cognitive levels (Liu et al., 2022) could potentially facilitate the transition from outcome-focused to process-focused assessments.”
From Practical and ethical challenges of large language models in education: A systematic scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as Liu et al., 2022
Cites
BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Devlin, J., Chang, M.-W., Lee, K., & Toutanova, K. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1423 · Cited by 48,293 · see citing works
School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence
Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543074001059 · Cited by 12,581 · see citing works
Handbook of Research on Student Engagement
(2012) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7 · Cited by 3,050 · see citing works
Academic Emotions and Student Engagement
Pekrun, R., & Linnenbrink-Garcia, L. (2012) · Handbook of Research on Student Engagement · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_12 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works
Measuring emotions during epistemic activities: the Epistemically-Related Emotion Scales
Pekrun, R., Vogl, E., Muis, K. R., & Sinatra, G. M. (2017) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2016.1204989 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Effects of teacher role on student engagement in WeChat-Based online discussion learning
Xu, B., Chen, N.-S., & Chen, G. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103956 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Scaling up behavioral science interventions in online education
Kizilcec, R. F., Reich, J., Yeomans, M., Dann, C., Brunskill, E., Lopez, G., Turkay, S., Williams, J. J., & Tingley, D. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1921417117 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
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Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Wang, S., Wang, F., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., Tran, T., & Du, Z. (2024) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124167 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Practical and ethical challenges of large language models in education: A systematic scoping review
Yan, L., Sha, L., Zhao, L., Li, Y., Martinez‐Maldonado, R., Chen, G., Li, X., Jin, Y., & Gašević, D. (2024) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13370 · Cited by 935 · see citing works
“, 2023) and classifying cognitive levels (Liu et al., 2022) could potentially facilitate the transition from outcome-focused to process-focused assessments.”
BackgroundIncorporating peer feedback in academic writing: a systematic review of benefits and challenges
Wei, Y., & Liu, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1506725 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Zhang, T., Liu, H., Tao, J., Wang, Y., Yu, M., Chen, H., & Yu, G. (2023) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math11244977 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Li, Y., Wu, Y., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2026) · Journal of Research on Technology in Education · doi:10.1080/15391523.2025.2493942 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Students’ learning progress and outcomes can be predicted by their engagement (Chiu, 2021, 2022; Liu et al., 2022; 2024).”
Nguyen, M., Mehrotra, A., Malik, A., & Pandey, R. (2025) · Journal of Enterprise Information Management · doi:10.1108/jeim-08-2024-0452 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Liu, S., Liu, S., Liu, Z., Peng, X., & Yang, Z.
- Affiliations
- Central China Normal University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Zongkai
- Venue
- Computers & Education
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 181
- Pages
- 104461
- ISSN
- 0360-1315 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4210820433
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 15
- FWCI
- 43.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers & Education (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2021CFB140)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (30106200548, CCNU19ZN012, CCNU20TS032)
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (21YJC880057)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61937001, 61977030, 62077017, 62107016)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Online Learning and Analytics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Keywords
- emotional engagement, cognitive engagement, text classification, emotion recognition, student engagement, MOOC completion rates, emotion-cognition interaction
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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