Cited by 17Misinformation and Its ImpactsMemory Processes and InfluencesEducational Strategies and Epistemologies

Confidence as a metacognitive contributor to and consequence of misinformation experiences

Rapp, David N., Withall, Mandy M.·2024·Current Opinion in Psychology

Abstract

Exposures to inaccurate information can lead people to become confused about what is true, to doubt their understandings, and to rely on the ideas later. Recent work has begun to investigate the role of metacognition in these effects. We review research foregrounding confidence as an exemplar metacognitive contributor to misinformation experiences. Miscalibrations between confidence about what one knows, and the actual knowledge one possesses, can help explain why people might hold fast to misinformed beliefs even in the face of counterevidence. Miscalibrations can also emerge after brief exposures to new misinformation, allowing even obvious inaccuracies to influence subsequent performance. Evidence additionally suggests confidence may present a useful target for intervention, helping to encourage careful evaluation under the right conditions.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101735

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Authors
Rapp, D. N., & Withall, M. M.
Affiliations
Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author
Rapp, David N.
Venue
Current Opinion in Psychology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2024-02
Volume
55
Pages
101735
ISSN
2352-250X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4388666191
Cited by
17
References
69
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 2
FWCI
0.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Current Opinion in Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
Keywords
metacognition, confidence, misinformation, metacognitive calibration, belief persistence, counterevidence, belief updating, misinformation exposure, belief evaluation
MeSH terms
Metacognition, Communication, Emotions, Humans, Comprehension

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