Common neuronal mechanisms underlying tics and hyperactivity
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two neurodevelopmental hyper-behavioral disorders that are highly comorbid. The source of this comorbidity and the neuronal mechanisms underlying these disorders are still unclear. We examined the neuronal activity of freely behaving rats before and after striatal disinhibition, to reveal the similar and distinct neuronal components underlying the mechanisms of TS-like and ADHD-like symptom expression. Focal disinhibition induced motor tics, locomotor hyperactivity or a comorbid effect depending on the location of the injection within the different functional domains of the striatum. While injections within the motor domain induced motor tics, injections into the limbic domain induced mainly locomotor hyperactivity. Disinhibition, regardless of its striatal location, led to qualitatively similar macro-scale and micro-scale neuronal changes. These changes were localized to the domain of the manipulation and remained partly segregated, indicating that hyperactivity is induced as a result of changes in the limbic domain without directly activating the motor domain. Despite the general similarity of induced neuronal changes, these changes were associated with different behavioral effects and were more stereotypic and pronounced following motor-domain disinhibition in comparison to limbic-domain disinhibition. Our recordings revealed a disparity in the neuronal input-output transformation of the two models of the disorders. The results suggest that tic expression and hyperactivity states share similar local neuronal activity changes which manifest in different neuronal and behavioral outcomes. These results expose an intriguing link between tics and their comorbid symptoms and hint at striatal disinhibition, resulting from GABAergic alterations, as a potential common mechanism underlying distinct symptoms expressed by hyper-behavioral patients.
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Across the neurodevelopmental triad, involvement of fronto-striatal circuitry is implicated in the expression of respective symptomology.
“Interestingly, across this neurodevelopmental triad, involvement of fronto-striatal circuitry is implicated in the expression of respective symptomology (25, 26).”
From Joint Hypermobility Links Neurodivergence to Dysautonomia and Pain (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
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Metabolic abnormalities of the cortico‑striato‑thalamo‑cortical circuit of rats with tic disorder
Yu, J., Su, J., Yu, G., Zhang, Z., Wu, Y., Xiao, G., Zhang, X., & Hao, J. (2025) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2025.13592 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ADHD Syndrome and Tic Disorders: Two Sides of the Same CoinPreprint
Mariotti, P., Lucibello, S., Clemente, V. D., Veltri, S., Janiri, D., Calabresi, P., & Bentivoglio, A. R. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3923440
Демидова, Я. Г. У. И. П. Г., Мазалецкая, А. Л., Скальный, А. А., народов, Р. У. Д., Uvarova, Y. E., Демидова, Я. Г. У. И. П. Г., Александрова, К. А., Демидова, Я. Г. У. И. П. Г., Tinkov, A. A., & народов, Р. У. Д. (2021) · Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow) · doi:10.19112/2413-6174-2021-22-4-37-42
Studying the pathophysiology of tic disorders in animal models
Pittenger, C. (2022) · International review of movement disorders · doi:10.1016/bs.irmvd.2022.06.001
Phonic Tics in a Rat Model of Tourette Syndrome Enable Research on Symptom-Based DBSPreprint
Sagalajev, B., Lennartz, L., Mokhtari, N., Szpak, M., Schüller, T., Baldermann, J. C., Andrade, P., Visser-Vandewalle, V. E. R. M., & Sesia, T. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.06.551271
Frucht, S. J., & Termsarasab, P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52573-5_9
Fragrance in Floral Design: The Emotional Role of Natural Scent in Human Perception
Filatova, A., & Kolosova, S. (2026) · Universal library of medical and health sciences. · doi:10.70315/uloap.ulmhs.2026.0402003
- Authors
- Israelashvili, M., Yael, D., Vinner, E., Belelovsky, K., & Bar-Gad, I.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- Venue
- Cortex
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-06
- Volume
- 127
- Pages
- 231-247
- ISSN
- 0010-9452 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3007553923
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation
- Israel Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- Tourette syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, comorbidities, motor tics, locomotor hyperactivity, motor domain, GABAergic dysfunction, neuronal activity, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Corpus Striatum, Tourette Syndrome, Humans, Neurons, Tics, Rats
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