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Attentional focus in social anxiety disorder: Potential for interactive processes
Abstract
The two preeminent cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety [Clark, D.M., & Wells, A., (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In Heimberg, R.G., Liebowitz, M., Hope, D.A., and Schneier, F.R. (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment (pp. 69-93). New York: Guilford Press.; Rapee, R.M., & Heimberg, R.G., (1997). A cognitive behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741-756.] suggest that attention to threat stimuli is critical in the maintenance of social fear. However, Clark and Wells assert that socially anxious persons attend almost exclusively to negative thoughts and self-imagery during social situations, whereas Rapee and Heimberg contend that socially anxious persons simultaneously attend to these internal cues and external stimuli potentially indicative of negative evaluation, such as an audience member's facial expressions. Rapee and Heimberg further suggest that attention to external and internal cues during social situations should be interdependent, such that focus on one has causal implications for the experience of the other. The current review examines the nature of the literature as it supports the assertions of each of these models of social anxiety, with particular attention to differing predictions regarding attentional focus. We conclude that socially anxious persons engage in both internal and external focus throughout the course of a social situation; however, there are a number of significant limitations to the literature. Accordingly, directions for future research are considered.
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“Research suggests that hyperactive threat response may be involved in the pathophysiology of GSAD (Schultz and Heimberg, 2008;Shin and Liberzon, 2010).”
From Oxytocin modulation of amygdala functional connectivity to fearful faces in generalized social anxiety disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Schultz and Heimberg, 2008
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schultz, L. T., & Heimberg, R. G.
- Affiliations
- Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple (US)
- Corresponding author
- Heimberg, Richard G.
- ORCID
- Heimberg, Richard G.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1206-1221
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043588156
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 1.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, attentional focus, threat attention, facial expressions
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Phobic Disorders
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