What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures

Strauss, Clara, Lever Taylor, Billie, Gu, Jenny, Kuyken, Willem, Baer, Ruth, Jones, Fergal, Cavanagh, Kate·2016·Clinical Psychology Review

Cited by (1,000)

Items 401–500 of 1,000

  1. Conceptualization, use, and outcomes associated with compassion in the care of people with multiple sclerosis: a scoping review
    Robert Simpson, Stephanie Posa, Tania R. Bruno, Sharon Simpson, Marina B. Wasilewski, Lawrence Russell Robinson, Sarah Munce, Mark Theodore Bayley, Anthony Feinstein · 2022 · Journal of Neurology
  2. A bioelectronic route to compassion: Rationale and study protocol for combining transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) with compassionate mental imagery
    Sunjeev K. Kamboj, Matthew James Peniket, Louise Simeonov · 2023 · PLoS ONE
  3. The development and validation of multidimensional workplace compassion scale: Linking its conceptualization and measurement
    Anshul Mandliya, Jatin Pandey · 2023 · Frontiers in Psychology
  4. Czech and Turkish Preschool Teachers’ Compassion and Psychological Well-being
    Ramazan Sak, Martin Skutil, İkbal Tuba Şahin-Sak, Pavel Zikl, Eşref NAS, Marie Herynková · 2023 · Early Childhood Education Journal
  5. Exploring how brain health strategy training informs the future of work
    Jennifer Zientz, Jeffrey S. Spence, Susan Sung Eun Chung, Upali Nanda, Sandra Bond Chapman · 2023 · Frontiers in Psychology
  6. Compassion-based mindfulness training in teacher education: The impact on student teachers at a South African university
    Lucy Draper-Clarke · 2020 · South African Journal of Higher Education
  7. ÖZ ŞEFKAT KAVRAMI VE ÖRGÜTSEL YANSIMALARI
    Rabia Özpeyni̇rci̇, Canan KIRMIZI · 2020 · Business And Management Studies An International Journal
  8. The relationship of socioeconomic status in childhood and adulthood with compassion: A study with a prospective 32-year follow-up
    Aino I. L. Saarinen, Dacher J. Keltner, Henrik Dobewall, Terho J. Lehtimäki, Liisa Keltikangas‐Järvinen, Mirka Hintsanen · 2021 · PLoS ONE
  9. The professional in ‘professional curiosity’; exploring the experiences of school-based pastoral staff and their use of curiosity with and about parents. An interpretative phenomenological analysis
    Katie Cramphorn, Emma Maynard · 2021 · Pastoral Care in Education
  10. Body Shame, Body Compassion and Physical Activity
    Emily S. Beadle · 2020 · University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)
  11. Emotional Eating After Manipulating Emotion Regulation: A Laboratory Study in Adolescents
    Taaike Debeuf, Sandra Verbeken, Brenda Volkaert, Nathalie Michels, Jens Blechert A, Caroline Braet · 2021 · Behaviour Change
  12. Reducing emotion dysregulation online in nonclinical population with compassion focused therapy and emotional competencies program: A randomized controlled trial
    Marine Paucsik, Céline Baeyens, Damien P. Tessier, Rébecca Shankland · 2024 · Journal of Clinical Psychology
  13. Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Professional Development Program for Primary School Teachers in the Czech Republic: A Quasi-Experimental Study
    Kamila Dvořáková, Laura García Valladares, Bethany Butzer, Calvin Lange, Mark T. Greenberg · 2024 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  14. Work‐Stressors and Depression and Anxiety—A Longitudinal Study of the Moderating Role of Self‐Compassion
    Eva de Krijger, Peter M. ten Klooster, Elbert Geuze, Saskia M. Kelders, Ernst Thomas Bohlmeijer · 2025 · Stress and Health
  15. Effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Social–Emotional Growth (MSEG) Program in Enhancing Mental Health of Elementary School Students in Korea
    Jongtae Kim, Seonyeop Kim, Misan W. D. Kim, Yong-Han Park, KangUk Lee, Dong Sun Chung, Youn Hee Kim, Yong‐Sil Kweon, Duk-Soo Moon, Hwa-Young Lee et al. · 2025 · Behavioral Sciences
  16. The impact of clergy sexual abuse on spirituality and health: A systematic scoping review of the literature
    Joanne Durkin, Rachel Zordan, Matthew Bullen, Nadia Pavich, Patricia Therese Benedict Thomas, Carolyn Lethborg, Wendy Holder, Melinda Jolly, Darlene Dreise, Daniel Fleming · 2025 · PLoS ONE
  17. Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)
    Kristin D. Neff, István Tóth‐Király · 2025 · Springer eBooks
  18. AI practical wisdom and compassion
    Mark Graves · 2025 · AI and Ethics
  19. Conectarnos con la compasión para preservar el cuidado humanizado
    Natalia Esquivel Garzón, Madeleine Cecilia Olivella Fernández, Clara Victoria Bastidas Sánchez · 2022 · Revista latinoamericana de bioética
  20. The role of relatedness: Applying a developmental-relational view of compassion in adolescence
    Blake Anthony Colaianne, Paul Condon, Michael James Tumminia, Brian M. Galla, Robert W. Roeser · 2023 · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
  21. Key leaders' sustainable decision making: The roles of key leaders' sustainability mindset
    Bùi Thị Thanh, Mai Thi Thu Le, Nguyen Vu Hung, Vu Tuan Anh · 2023 · Business Strategy & Development
  22. Compassion Focused Therapy for Groups: Transdiagnostic Treatment for Turbulent Times
    David M. Erekson, Derek Griner, Mark E. Beecher · 2024 · International Journal of Group Psychotherapy
  23. Does fear of compassion effect nurses’ caring behaviours? a cross-sectional study
    Şenay Takmak, Yeliz Karaçar · 2024 · Nursing Ethics
  24. The initial validation of an Evidence-informed, competency-based, Applied Compassion Training (EnACT) program: a multimethod study
    Shane Sinclair, Swati Dhingra, Shelley Raffin Bouchal, Cara C. MacInnis, Daranne Harris, Amanda Roze des Ordons, Barbara Pesut · 2024 · BMC Medical Education
  25. Attachment and propensity for reporting compassionate opportunities and behavior in everyday life
    Deanna Varley, Chase Samuel Sherwell, James N. Kirby · 2024 · Frontiers in Psychology
  26. Compassion Questionnaire for Self (CQS)
    Bassam Khoury, Rodrigo Clemente Vergara · 2024 · Springer eBooks
  27. The impact of varying levels of compassion in ethics education case studies on students’ moral reasoning
    Nihat Kotluk, Roland Tormey · 2024 · Journal of Moral Education
  28. Efficacy of Compassion-Based Interventions in Breast Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
    Juan Pedro López-Contreras, Valeria Sebri, Pedro Sarrión-Castelló, Sonia Martínez‐Sanchis, Ausiàs Cebolla · 2024 · The Spanish Journal of Psychology
  29. Compassion in Clinical Practice: Current Applications and New Directions
    Amy Louise Finlay‐jones · 2017 · Clinical Psychologist
  30. Curing Expensive Mistakes: Applying Ism on Employees’ Emotional Behaviors in Environment of Mergers
    Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi, Tehmina Fiaz Qazi, Abdul Basit, Khurram Saghir Khan · 2019 · Review of Economics and Development Studies
  31. Öz-Şefkatin Görev Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisinde Psikolojik Sermayenin Aracılık Rolü
    Sema POLATÇI, Elif BAYGIN · 2022 · İş ve İnsan Dergisi
  32. Compassionate Discourses: A Qualitative Study Exploring How Compassion Can Transform Healthcare for 2SLGBTQ+ People
    Phillip R. Joy, Andrew Thomas, Megan L. Aston · 2022 · Qualitative Health Research
  33. Compassion Fatigue and Risk Factors in Nurses in The Covid-19 Pandemic
    Esra Uslu, Gülcan Kendirkıran · 2022 · Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi
  34. ÖZ-ŞEFKATİN VE AFFETMENİN İŞYERİ MUTLULUĞU ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
    Hasan Hüseyin UZUNBACAK, Şerife KARAGÖZ · 2022 · International Journal of Business Economics and Management Perspectives
  35. There must be a way out: The consensual qualitative analysis of best coping practices during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Júlia Halamová, Katarína Greškovičová, Martina Baránková, Bronislava Strnádelová, Katarina Krizova · 2022 · Frontiers in Psychology
  36. A brief self-compassionate reflective writing task can manage negative reactions following an eating transgression
    Robyn L. Moffitt, David L. Neumann, Hannah E. Gersh, Emily J. van Poppel · 2023 · Australian Psychologist
  37. Do I care for you more when you really need help? An experimental test of the effect of clinical urgency on compassion in health care
    Alina Pavlova, Sarah‐Jane Paine, Alana Cavadino, Anne O’Callaghan, Nathan S. Consedine · 2023 · British Journal of Health Psychology
  38. Brief Compassion Training Reduces Intergroup Psychological Barriers: An Experimental Study
    Jackie C. K. Chow, Winnie W. S. Mak, Larry Auyeung · 2023 · Mindfulness
  39. Psychometric Properties of the Swedish Version of the Compassion Scale
    Sima Nurali Wolgast, Martin Wolgast, Eva V. Hoff · 2024 · Mindfulness
  40. Oncology Volunteers: The Effect of a Personal Cancer History on Compassion and Psychological Well-Being
    Alexandra Meyer, Chelsea Moran, Tanya R. Fitzpatrick, Jochen Ernst, Annett Körner · 2018 · Clinical journal of oncology nursing
  41. The Social Entrepreneur
    Beliz Ülgen · 2018 · Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series
  42. Escala breve de compaixão Santa Clara: propriedades psicométricas para o contexto brasileiro
    Eduarda Marchetti, Caroline de Oliveira Bertolino, Cecilia Cesa Schiavon, Léia Gonçalves Gurgel, Sérgio Kakuta Kato, Carolina Baptista Menezes, Caroline Tozzi Reppold · 2018 · Revista Avaliação Psicológica
  43. Cultivating the Interpersonal Domain: Compassion in the Supervisor-Doctoral Student Relationship
    Oskar Lundgren, Walter Osika · 2021 · Frontiers in Psychology
  44. A psychometric study of the Compassionate Love Scale for Humanity Short version (CLS-H-SF) within a paramedicine student cohort
    Brett A. Williams, Bronwyn Beovich, Debbie Ling, Amanda Abbass · 2022 · International Emergency Nursing
  45. Perspectives of underweight people with eating disorders on receiving Imagery Rescripting trauma treatment: a qualitative study of their experiences
    Marieke C. ten Napel‐Schutz, Simona Karbouniaris, Suzanne H. W. Mares, Arnoud Roger Arntz, Tineke Abma · 2022 · Journal of Eating Disorders
  46. Personal Sense of Uniqueness Mediates the Relationship Between Compassion for Others and Subjective Well-Being
    Melıkşah Demır, Andrew Haynes, Marlyn Sanchez, Jennifer C. Parada · 2018 · Journal of Happiness Studies
  47. Item development for a patient‐reported measure of compassionate healthcare in action
    Eleanor Chatburn, Elizabeth M. Marks, Lucy Maddox · 2024 · Health Expectations
  48. Can Empathy and Compassion Activation Affect Adolescents’ Empathic Responses, Compassion, and Behavioral Intentions When Witnessing Bullying?
    Henriette R. Steinvik, Amanda L. Duffy, Melanie J. Zimmer‐Gembeck · 2024 · International Journal of Bullying Prevention
  49. Effectiveness of Compassion-Based Interventions for Reducing Stress in Workers: A Systematic Review
    Fátima Jesus Martins, Lara Palmeira, Marcela Matos · 2025 · Mindfulness
  50. CQA-18: 18-Item Compassion Questionnaire for Animals
    Bassam Khoury, Rodrigo Clemente Vergara · 2025 · Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
  51. Developmental Systems Cardiology: A Longitudinal Adaptive Framework for Congenital Heart Disease
    Colin Joseph McMahon, Jeffrey Kim, Mark Lewin, Joseph Rossano · 2026 · Pediatric Cardiology
  52. Merhamet Konusunda Yapılmış Araştırmaların İncelenmesi
    Eşref NAS · 2022 · Akademik Platform Eğitim ve Değişim Dergisi
  53. Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Outcomes of the Self-Compassion for Children and Caregivers Program
    Christine Lathren, Karen Bluth, Jamie Lynn Tatera · 2023 · Journal of Child and Family Studies
  54. Exploring the roles of compassion and post‐traumatic stress disorder on global distress after sexual trauma
    Runa Dawood, Jane Vosper, Chris Irons, Stuart Gibson, Gary P. Brown · 2024 · British Journal of Clinical Psychology
  55. Compassionate Care, Cultural Humility, and Psychological Flexibility: Examining the Potential for Consilience in Applied Behavior Analysis
    Donna M. West, Kian Assemi, Swathi Ragulan, Ramona A. Houmanfar · 2024 · Behavior Analysis in Practice
  56. Seeing Compassion Through Students’ Eyes
    Bryan Bonaparte · 2024 · Knowledge studies in higher education
  57. Teacher Empathy in Schools
    Francis R. Ackah‐Jnr, John Kodwo Appiah, Awudu Salaam Mohammed · 2024 · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series
  58. Adolescents' Compassion is Distinctively Associated With More Prosocial and Less Aggressive Defending Against Bullying When Considering Empathic Emotions and Costs
    Henriette R. Steinvik, Amanda L. Duffy, Melanie J. Zimmer‐Gembeck · 2025 · Journal of Adolescence
  59. Do Pediatrician Interpersonal and Personality Characteristics Affect Patient Experience?
    Sarah R. Martin, Theodore W. Heyming, Michelle A. Fortier, Brooke N. Jenkins, Kyle S. Ahn, James P. Cappon, Zeev N. Kain · 2022 · Academic Pediatrics
  60. What is spirituality for women bereaved by a partner’s suicide: A qualitative study
    Austėja Agnietė Čepulienė, Paulius Skruibis · 2023 · Cogent Psychology
  61. Boundaries beyond borders: The impact of institutional discourse on the identities of asylum seekers
    Susie Ballentyne, John Drury · 2023 · Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology
  62. Compassion apps for better mental health: qualitative review
    Eva de Krijger, Ernst Thomas Bohlmeijer, Elbert Geuze, Saskia M. Kelders · 2023 · BJPsych Open
  63. An ecological perspective on the flow of compassion among Iranian learners of English as a foreign language
    Gang Wang, Soheila Soleimanzadeh, Majid Elahi Shirvan · 2023 · Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
  64. Predictive Model of Anxiety and Depression Perception in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Possible Implications for Clinical Treatment
    María Cuerda‐Ballester, Antonio Bustos, David Sancho-Cantus, David Martínez‐Rubio, Jesús Privado, Jorge Alarcón-Jiménez, Carlos Villarón-Casales, Nieves de Bernardo, Esther Navarro-Illana, José Enrique de la Rubia Ortí · 2024 · Bioengineering
  65. Effectiveness of compassion-based interventions at work: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis considering process evaluation and training transfer
    Mabel San Román-Niaves, Cristian Vasquez, Cristián Coo, Karina M Nielsen, Susana Llorens, Marisa Salanova · 2024 · Current Psychology
  66. The Spanish Version of the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale (SOCS–O) in Nursing Students: Psychometric Properties and Its Relation with Mindfulness
    Noemí Sansó, Tamara Escrivá‐Martínez, Sarah-Louise d’Auvergne Flowers, Michael Alun West, Laura Galiana · 2024 · Mindfulness
  67. The emergence of team compassion: Theoretical implications and practical interventions
    Linh Thi Thu Bui, Guihyun Park, Lu Wang · 2024 · Australian Journal of Management
  68. Housing challenge and urban regeneration: A contribution of faith-based action with special reference to a case study from the City of Tshwane
    Ezekiel Ntakirutimana · 2018 · HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies
  69. Compassion in rehabilitation nurses who provide direct patient care: principles to pragmatics
    Letitia Helen Burridge, Michele M. Foster · 2019 · Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses Association
  70. Aquinas’s Principle of Misericordia in Corporations: Implications for Workers and other Stakeholders
    Angus Robson · 2022 · Humanistic Management Journal
  71. Public sectors and nonprofit organizations use of social media to communicate compassion during crisis
    Wanzhu Shi, Fei Luo, Arthur D. Soto-Vásquez, Ariadne A. Gonzalez · 2023 · Chinese Public Administration Review
  72. Can compassion, happiness and sympathetic concern be differentiated on the basis of facial expression?
    Otto Condliffe, Frances Anne Maratos · 2020 · Cognition & Emotion
  73. The Science of Human Flourishing
    Tyler J. VanderWeele · 2021
  74. Compassion, secure flourishing, and organizational commitment of managers
    Mari Ford, Sebastiaan Rothmann, Llewellyn Ellardus van Zyl · 2024 · Frontiers in Organizational Psychology
  75. The Self-Compassion Scale Short Form for Children Aged 8–12: Validation of the Italian Version
    Valentina Levantini, Iacopo Bertacchi, Antonella Magno, Gianluca Domenico Privitera, Alessia Rinaldi, Nicoletta Zara, Pietro Muratori · 2025 · Children
  76. Decoding vital variables in predicting different phases of suicide among young adults with childhood sexual abuse: a machine learning approach
    Wenbang Niu, Yi Feng, Jiaqi Li, Shicun Xu, Zhihao Ma, Yuan Yuan Wang · 2025 · Translational Psychiatry
  77. Mental health, self-compassion, and compassion fatigue in physicians: a cross-sectional study
    Selin Balki Tekin, Ayinzeliha Matsar Ay, Ayşe Nur İnci Kenar · 2025 · Scientific Reports
  78. Practical wisdom in medicine: defending a multidimensional, integrated view of an indispensable virtue
    Lauris Christopher Kaldjian, Kristjan R Kristjansson, Shane McLoughlin · 2026 · Metamedicine
  79. Self-compassion, but not compassion toward others, is associated with better physical health: A cross-sectional study
    Marina Ramsey, Tushara Govind, Jeffrey A. Lam, Barton W. Palmer, Dilip V. Jeste, Ellen Lee · 2023 · Schizophrenia Research
  80. The Sussex Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale validity in a working sample using classical test theory, item response theory and network analysis
    Hongxing Meng, Xiaozhuang Wang, Hongpei Liu · 2023 · Frontiers in Psychology
  81. Conceptualization, use, and outcomes associated with compassion in the care of youth with childhood-onset disabilities: a scoping review
    Eleni Patsakos, Stuti Patel, Robert Simpson, Michelle L. A. Nelson, Melanie Penner, Laure Perrier, Mark Theodore Bayley, Sarah Munce · 2024 · Frontiers in Psychology
  82. Belonging contributes to compassion: A longitudinal study of middle school students' prosocial competencies
    Allison Rae Ward-Seidel, Sara E. Rimm‐Kaufman, Bethany A. Bell, Lia E. Sandilos · 2025 · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology
  83. Exploring the interplay between mindful eating and self-compassion: insights from three empirical studies and future directions for research
    Misba Hussain, Rebecca Keyte, Eliza Kalika, Michail Mantzios · 2025 · Frontiers in Psychology
  84. Compassion‐supported development: A humanistic approach to counseling supervision
    Kenson Hiatt · 2022 · The Journal of Humanistic Counseling
  85. O que é Compaixão?
    Marcela Matos, Paul Gilbert, Elsa Gonçalves, Inês Melo, Tahlia Baumann, Rebecca Xin Qi Yiu, Stanley R. Steindl · 2021 · Psychologica
  86. The religious character of secular arguments supporting euthanasia and what it implies for conscientious practice in medicine
    John Tambakis, Lauris Kaldijian, Ewan C. Goligher · 2022 · Metamedicine
  87. Psychometric Properties of the Self-Compassion Scale in the Polish Population
    Holas, Paweł, Shevchuk, Yuliana, Jankowski, Tomasz · 2023 · Roczniki Psychologiczne
  88. Coursework in Compassion and Behavior Analysis Training Programs
    Dana R. Reinecke, Julianne Lasley, Nasiah Cirincione-Ulezi · 2023 · Behavior Analysis in Practice
  89. Mindfulness and compassion in response to racism
    Rose Mina Munjee, Seonaigh MacPherson · 2023 · Diaspora Indigenous and Minority Education
  90. “It’s beautiful and it’s messy and it’s tragic”: exploring the role of compassion in the eating disorder recovery processes of 2S/LGBTQ + Canadians
    Megan White, Andrew Thomas, Megan L. Aston, Phillip R. Joy · 2024 · Journal of Eating Disorders
  91. Working horse welfare in Senegal is linked to owner’s socioeconomic status, their attitudes and belief in horse sentience
    Mactar Seck, Gemma Carder, Jennifer Wathan, Marcela Randau, Katharine A Fletcher, Leanne Proops · 2024 · PLoS ONE
  92. A compassionate pause.
    M. Links, T. Ayling, J. Doran, Shahina Braganza, P. Martin, J. Clayton, B. Hiremagalur · 2020 · Patient Education and Counseling
  93. Differences in Electromyography during Self-Compassionate and Self-Critical Imageries According to the Level of Self-Criticism
    Jana Koróniová, Júlia Halamová, Zuzana Džongová · 2020 · Studia Psychologica
  94. Experiences of compassion among family carers of older adults: Qualitative content analysis of survey free‐text comments
    Jenny Murfield, Wendy Moyle, Analise O’Donovan · 2021 · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences
  95. Compassion and complex interpersonal trauma in adolescence: An early systematic review
    Nicola Amari, Adam Mahoney · 2021 · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
  96. Trajectories of Self-compassion and Psychological Symptoms in Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients
    Jun Wang, Yuqin Hu, Liuyu Wei, Ailan Liu, Juntao Yao, Maya J. Schroevers, Lei Zhu · 2022 · Mindfulness
  97. Hemşirelikte Merhametli Bakım
    Ebru TANRIKULU, Yıldız Denat · 2022 · Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi
  98. Qualitative Analysis of Chair Tasks in Emotion-Focused Therapy Video Sessions
    Ghazaleh Bailey, Júlia Halamová, Mária Gablíková · 2022 · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  99. Emotional Dynamics of Populism and Its Non-Populist Alternatives: Discussing the Role of Compassion and Pride
    Patryk Wawrzyński, Joanna Marszałek–Kawa · 2022 · Polish Political Science Yearbook
  100. Compasión en salud: Una mirada a su pasado, presente y futuro
    Álvaro Tala · 2023 · Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría