The DOI matches its Crossref record; 133 of the 135 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review
Abstract
Gender differences in social anxiety disorder (SAD) have not received much empirical attention despite the large body of research on the disorder, and in contrast to significant literature about gender differences in other disorders such as depression or posttraumatic stress disorder. To address this gap, we comprehensively reviewed the literature regarding gender differences in eight domains of SAD: prevalence, clinical presentation, functioning and impairment, comorbidity, course, treatment seeking, physiological arousal, and the oxytocin system. Findings from the present review indicate that women are more likely to have SAD and report greater clinical severity. Notwithstanding, men with the disorder may seek treatment to a greater extent. According to the present review, the course of SAD seems to be similar for men and women, and findings regarding gender differences in functional impairment and comorbidity are inconclusive. We highlight areas requiring future research and discuss the findings in the context of a number of theoretical perspectives. We believe that further research and integration of scientific findings with existing theories is essential in order to increase our understanding and awareness of gender differences in SAD, thus facilitating gender-sensitive and specifically-tailored interventions for both men and women with the disorder.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This reflects the prevalence rates of SAD, which have been shown to be higher in women than in men [13].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Notably, IDs are highly comorbid [17–19] with females [20–23] and young people (i.e. <65 years) [8, 10, 17–19, 22, 24–29] disproportionately affected.”
In the citing paper
“This gender difference may have been highlighted by the age group under study, as some studies have shown that gender differences in the prevalence of SAD are greatest among adolescents and seem to diminish along the course of life (see [49] for a review).”
From The Prevalence of Adolescent Social Fears and Social Anxiety Disorder in School Contexts (2022) · cites this paper as [49]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,882
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 · Cited by 21,995
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370
Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect.
Higgins, E. T. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.3.319 · Cited by 7,219
Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Georgiades, K., & Swendsen, J. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017 · Cited by 6,278
What's wrong with Bonferroni adjustments
Perneger, T. V. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1236 · Cited by 5,900
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Siegel, L. J., & Fletcher‐Janzen, E. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118660584.ese0728 · Cited by 3,438
Models of the self: self-construals and gender.
Cross, S., & Madson, L. (1997) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5 · Cited by 2,851
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 135 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Heimberg, 1995, Cognitive-behavioral treatments: Literature review, 261
- Osterlind, 2009, Vol. 161
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sex differences in anxiety and depression: circuits and mechanisms
Bangasser, D. A., & Cuarenta, A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00513-0 · Cited by 479
Keyes, K. M., & Platt, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13864 · Cited by 253
Ausín, B., González‐Sanguino, C., Castellanos, M. Á., & Muñoz, M. (2020) · Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1080/09589236.2020.1799768 · Cited by 236
Otten, D., Tibubos, A. N., Schomerus, G., Brähler, E., Binder, H., Kruse, J., Ladwig, K., Wild, P. S., Grabe, H. J., & Beutel, M. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.553071 · Cited by 253
Gender differences in social anxiety disorder
Asher, M., & Aderka, I. M. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22624 · Cited by 163
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Asher, M., Asnaani, A., & Aderka, I. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Haifa (IL)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aderka, Idan M.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-08
- Volume
- 56
- Pages
- 1-12
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2617132254
- Cited by
- 457
- References
- 135
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, gender differences, women, prevalence, clinical features, functional disability, comorbidities, clinical course, treatment seeking, physiological arousal, oxytocinergic system, gender-sensitive interventions
- MeSH terms
- Phobia, Social, Humans, Sex Characteristics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
