Cited by 1,083Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseOcular Diseases and Behçet’s SyndromeAnorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes

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Consensus guidelines of ECCO/ESPGHAN on the medical management of pediatric Crohn’s disease

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Ruemmele, F.M., Veres, G., Kolho, K.L., Griffiths, A., Levine, A., Escher, J.C., Amil Dias, J., Barabino, A., Braegger, C.P., Bronsky, J., Buderus, S., Martín-de-Carpi, J., De Ridder, L., Fagerberg, U.L., Hugot, J.P., Kierkus, J., Kolacek, S., Koletzko, S., Lionetti, P., Miele, E., Navas López, V.M., Paerregaard, A., Russell, R.K., Serban, D.E., Shaoul, R., Van Rheenen, P., Veereman, G., Weiss, B., Wilson, D., Dignass, A., Eliakim, A., Winter, H., Turner, D.·2014·Journal of Crohn s and Colitis

DOI 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.04.005

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Abstract

Children and adolescents with Crohn's disease (CD) present often with a more complicated disease course compared to adult patients. In addition, the potential impact of CD on growth, pubertal and emotional development of patients underlines the need for a specific management strategy of pediatric-onset CD. To develop the first evidenced based and consensus driven guidelines for pediatric-onset CD an expert panel of 33 IBD specialists was formed after an open call within the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterolog, Hepatology and Nutrition. The aim was to base on a thorough review of existing evidence a state of the art guidance on the medical treatment and long term management of children and adolescents with CD, with individualized treatment algorithms based on a benefit-risk analysis according to different clinical scenarios. In children and adolescents who did not have finished their growth, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the induction therapy of first choice due to its excellent safety profile, preferable over corticosteroids, which are equipotential to induce remission. The majority of patients with pediatric-onset CD require immunomodulator based maintenance therapy. The experts discuss several factors potentially predictive for poor disease outcome (such as severe perianal fistulizing disease, severe stricturing/penetrating disease, severe growth retardation, panenteric disease, persistent severe disease despite adequate induction therapy), which may incite to an anti-TNF-based top down approach. These guidelines are intended to give practical (whenever possible evidence-based) answers to (pediatric) gastroenterologists who take care of children and adolescents with CD; they are not meant to be a rule or legal standard, since many different clinical scenario exist requiring treatment strategies not covered by or different from these guidelines.

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Risk Factors for Disease Behavior Evolution and Efficacy of Biologics in Reducing Progression in Pediatric Patients with Nonstricturing, Nonpenetrating Crohn's Disease at Diagnosis: A Single-Center Experience in Korea
Kim, H. J., Oh, S. H., Lee, S., Kim, Y. B., Kim, D. Y., Park, S. H., Ye, B. D., Yang, S., & Kim, K. M. (2021) · Gut and Liver · doi:10.5009/gnl20279 · Cited by 8
“The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines suggest early and aggressive treatment for selected patients with deep colonic ulcerations, persistent severe disease despite adequate induction therapy, growth delay, severe osteo…”
Background
Probiotics: current regulatory aspects of probiotics for use in different disease conditions
Pogačar, M. Š., Mičetić‐Turk, D., & Fijan, S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823733-5.00021-0 · Cited by 9
The impact of inflammatory bowel diseases on the quality of life of Saudi pediatric patients
Alhadab, A., AlMahamed, S. N., Hassan, I. E., & Hammo, A.-H. (2022) · Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.4103/sjg.sjg_162_22 · Cited by 8
“Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology | Volume 28 | Issue 6 | November-December 2022 449 Pediatric IBD patients often have a more complex and extensive disease course than adults.[5,6] Additionally, IBD has a potentially negative impact on growth and pubertal development of patients indicating that pediatric‐onset IBD req…”
Background
Current state of dietetic services for inflammatory bowel disease patients in New Zealand : an observational study
McCarthy, N. E., Schultz, M., & Wall, C. L. (2023) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/1747-0080.12811 · Cited by 8
Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor Therapy for Paediatric Crohn’s Disease: Improved Benefits Through Treatment Optimisation, Deeper Understanding of Its Risks, and Reduced Costs due to Biosimilar Availability
Cozijnsen, M. A., Samsom, J. N., & de Ridder, L. (2017) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40272-017-0266-9 · Cited by 8
“Also, when faced with loss of response, TDM can guide therapeutic decision making [16, 36].”
BackgroundInfluential
Successful transition from pediatric to adult care in inflammatory bowel disease: what is the key?
Kim, J., & Ye, B. D. (2018) · Intestinal Research · doi:10.5217/ir.2018.00128 · Cited by 8
“Since exclusive enteral nutrition has an excellent safety profile and similar efficacy compared with corticosteroids in inducing remission, it is recommenced as a steroid-sparing treatment for the induction of remission in pediatric-onset CD patients with active luminal disease.(51) In recent studies, 12% to 37% of pe…”
Background
Efficacy of adalimumab as second-line therapy in a pediatric cohort of Crohn’s disease patients who failed infliximab therapy: the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition experience
Alvisi, P., Arrigo, S., Cucchiara, S., Lionetti, P., Miele, E., Romano, C., Ravelli, A. M., Knafelz, D., Martelossi, S., Guariso, G., et al. (2019) · Biologics · doi:10.2147/btt.s183088 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, corticosteroids carry a substantial risk of developing side effects, with growth retardation being one of the major concerns in pediatric CD patients.(2,3) Immunomodulators, such as thiopurines and methotrexate, have proved to be effective in maintaining CD remission and sparing steroids.”
Background
Body composition profile of children and adolescent patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Alsufyani, H. A., Mosli, M. H., & Saadah, O. I. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14023 · Cited by 8
Bone Health in Pediatric Patients With Crohn Disease
Rozes, S., Guilmin‐Crépon, S., Alison, M., Édouard, T., Hugot, J., Viala, J., & Martinez‐Vinson, C. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003132 · Cited by 8
“As recommended in the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization/European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines, anti-TNF agents as primary induction therapy may be considered for selected children with a high risk for poor outcome including severe osteoporosis (29).”
Background
Addendum zu den S3-Leitlinien Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa: Betreuung von Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen in der COVID-19-Pandemie – offene Fragen und Antworten
Stallmach, A., Sturm, A., Dignass, A. U., Kucharzik, T. F., Blumenstein, I., Helwig, U., Koletzko, S., Lynen, P., Schmidt, C., & Collaborators: (2020) · Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie · doi:10.1055/a-1193-5475 · Cited by 9
“Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist sie in dieser Situation die erste Wahl [122].”
BackgroundInfluential
Exclusive enteral nutrition effect on the clinical course of pediatric Crohn’s disease: a single center experience
Scarpato, E., Strisciuglio, C., Martinelli, M., Russo, M., Cenni, S., Casertano, M., Serra, M. R., Staiano, A., & Miele, E. (2020) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-020-03753-x · Cited by 8
Major Abdominal Surgery for Pediatric Crohn’s Disease in the Anti-TNF Era: 10-Year Analysis of Data From the IBD Registry of Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Alvisi, P., Faraci, S., Scarallo, L., Congiu, M., Bramuzzo, M., Illiceto, M. T., Arrigo, S., Romano, C., Zuin, G., Miele, E., et al. (2024) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1093/ibd/izad310 · Cited by 7
Intestinal tissue levels of anti-TNF alpha, antibodies, and cytokines in paediatric Crohn disease
Dotlačil, V., Coufal, Š., Lerchová, T., Zárubová, K., Kučerová, B., Tlaskalová-Hogenová, H., Kverka, M., Škába, R., Bronský, J., Hradský, O., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-83858-7 · Cited by 7
Management of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases in limited‐resource settings: A position paper from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN
Hauer, A. C., Sultan, M. I., Darma, A., Altamimi, E. M., Serban, D. E., Assa, A., Franco, C. P. S., de Ridder, L., Wilson, D. C., Afzal, N. A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.70121 · Cited by 14
Microbial shifts of faecal microbiota using enteral nutrition in vitro
Modráčková, N., Čopová, I., Šťovíček, A., Makovska, M., Schierová, D., Mrázek, J., Sabolová, M., Vlková, E., Hradský, O., Bronský, J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.104330 · Cited by 7
Inflammatory bowel disease and the lung in paediatric patients
Jochmann, A., Trachsel, D., & Hammer, J. (2021) · Breathe · doi:10.1183/20734735.0269-2020 · Cited by 7
“The ESPGHAN (European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) task force does not recommend regular screening for respiratory disease in children with IBD [49, 50].”
Background
Functional abdominal pain disorders and patient- and parent-reported outcomes in children with inflammatory bowel disease in remission
Tran, L. C., Bridoux‐Henno, L., Gastineau, S., Dabadie, A., Carré, E., Hugot, J., Martinez‐Vinson, C., Mosca, A., Coopman, S., Lamireau, T., et al. (2021) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.034 · Cited by 10
Frequent Occurrence of Perianal Disease and Granuloma Formation in Patients with Crohn’s Disease and Coexistent Orofacial Granulomatosis
Malmquist, M., Rabe, H., Malmborg, P., Gale, G., Ideström, M., Sigurdsson, G. V., Hasséus, B., Wold, A. E., & Saalman, R. (2023) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-023-07821-8 · Cited by 7
“This may reflect the preferred strategy for treating active perianal fistulating disease with anti-TNF therapy, as recommended in the consensus guidelines of ECCO/ESPHAN [25].”
BackgroundMethod
Targeting the Intestinal Microbiota: A Novel Direction in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Zhang, J., Gan, H., Duan, X., & Li, G. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12102340 · Cited by 7
“In pediatric and adolescent patients with CD, EN stands as the primary preferred treatment for initiating remission [57].”
Background
Secondary Loss of Response to Infliximab in Pediatric Crohn Disease
Bolia, R. K., Rosenbaum, J., Schildkraut, V., Hardikar, W., Oliver, M., Cameron, D. J. S., & Alex, G. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000001742 · Cited by 7
“Scheduled therapy and use of a concomitant immunomodulator (4,5) are 2 of the strategies that have been applied with reasonable success.”
X-linked Hyper-IgM Syndrome: A Phenotype of Crohn's Disease with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Qiu, K.-Y., Liao, X., Wu, R., Huang, K., Fang, J., & Zhou, D. (2017) · Pediatric Hematology and Oncology · doi:10.1080/08880018.2017.1409301 · Cited by 7
“The child was given standardized anti-CD therapy for the first time based on the consensus [14].”
Method
Accelerated Step-Up Infliximab Use Is Associated with Sustained Primary Response in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease
Ling, J., Buurman, D. J., Ravikumara, M., Mews, C., Thacker, K., & Grover, Z. (2018) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-018-4969-8 · Cited by 7
Fecal calprotectin is not a clinically useful marker for the prediction of the early nonresponse to exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric patients with Crohn disease
Čopová, I., Hradský, O., Zárubová, K., Gonsorčíková, L., Potuznikova, K., Lerchová, T., Nevoral, J., & Bronský, J. (2018) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-018-3228-5 · Cited by 7
Management of inflammatory bowel disease in children: It is time for an individualised approach
Grover, Z., & Alex, G. (2019) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/jpc.14652 · Cited by 7
IBD phenotype at diagnosis, and early disease-course in pediatric patients in Croatia: data from the Croatian national registry
Ivković, L., Hojsak, I., Trivić, I., Sila, S., Hrabač, P., Konjik, V., Senečić-Čala, I., Palčevski, G., Despot, R., Žaja, O., et al. (2020) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-020-0853-2 · Cited by 7
Thiopurines in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current and Future Place
van Hoeve, K., & Vermeire, S. (2020) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40272-020-00411-5 · Cited by 7
“Despite all efforts, there is still no curative treatment [1, 2].”
Background
Biomarkers for Optimization and Personalization of Anti-TNFs in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Salvador‐Martín, S., Melgarejo-Ortuño, A., & López-Fernández, L. A. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13111786 · Cited by 7
Implementation of exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease—results of a survey of CEDATA-GPGE reporting centers
Peters, S., Cantez, S., de Laffolie, J., & CEDATA Study Group (2022) · Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s40348-022-00139-x · Cited by 7
Prevalence and Etiologies of Renal and Urinary Manifestations in a Large Cohort of Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Cordesse, A., Delbet, J., Lemoine, A., Dubern, B., Tounian, P., & Lemale, J. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000003682 · Cited by 7
“As in our study where 90% of children received 5-ASA, this drug is frequently used in the treatment of IBD in children (17,26).”
Result
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Update
Picoraro, J. A., Moore, H., & LeLeiko, N. S. (2023) · Pediatrics in Review · doi:10.1542/pir.2022-005750 · Cited by 7
What Do NAFLD, Liver Fibrosis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have in Common? Review of the Current Literature
Jarmakiewicz-Czaja, S., Gruszecka, J., & Filip, R. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13030378 · Cited by 7
“An adjunctive component of sublingual treatment is nutritional therapy [96].”
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Children with Localized Crohn's Disease Benefit from Early Ileocecal Resection and Perioperative Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy
Weigl, E. J., Schwerd, T., Lurz, E., Häberle, B., Koletzko, S., & Hubertus, J. (2023) · European Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1764320 · Cited by 7
BRAZILIAN CONSENSUS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: A CONSENSUS OF THE BRAZILIAN ORGANIZATION FOR CROHN’S DISEASE AND COLITIS (GEDIIB)
Lomazi, E. A., Oba, J., Rodrigues, M., Marmo, M. C. D. R., Sandy, N. S., Sdepanian, V. L., Imbrizi, M. R., Baima, J. P., Magro, D. O., de Albuquerque, I. C., et al. (2023) · Arquivos de Gastroenterologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-2803.2022005s1-04 · Cited by 7
Azathioprine monotherapy withdrawal in inflammatory bowel diseases: A retrospective mono-centric study
Crepaldi, M., Maniero, D., Massano, A., Pavanato, M., Barberio, B., Savarino, E. V., & Zingone, F. (2023) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4334 · Cited by 7
Adalimumab for the treatment of pediatric Crohn’s disease
Nuti, F., Fiorino, G., & Danese, S. (2015) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1586/1744666x.2015.1072048 · Cited by 7
“Methotrexate (MTX) is an alternative to thiopurines when these drugs are ineffective or not tolerated [7,12,13].”
BackgroundInfluential
An update on medical management on Crohn’s disease
Affronti, A., Orlando, A., & Cottone, M. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.981525 · Cited by 7
“Standard therapy for pediatric CD is based on early administration of immunomodulators after an initial treatment with CS [93].”
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Tacrolimus Exerts Only a Transient Effectiveness in Refractory Pediatric Crohn Disease
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Long-term Outcomes with Anti-TNF Therapy and Accelerated Step-up in the Prospective Pediatric Belgian Crohnʼs Disease Registry (BELCRO)
Wauters, L. I., Smets, F. N., Greef, E. D., Bontems, P., Hoffman, I. E. A., Hauser, B., Alliet, P. L., Arts, W. F. M., Peeters, H., Biervliet, S. V., et al. (2017) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000001193 · Cited by 7
Using Quality Improvement to Increase Utilization of Enteral Therapy in Pediatric Crohn Disease
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“For these reasons, EEN is recommended as first-line therapy for luminal pediatric CD by international societies including the pediatric committee of the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization (ECCO) (7), the European and American Societies for pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN and NASPGHA…”
BackgroundInfluential
Paediatric inflammatory bowel disease- brief update on current practice
Ashton, J. J., Batra, A., & Beattie, R. M. (2018) · Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1016/j.paed.2018.08.007 · Cited by 7
Particularities of IBD Trials in Children
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Épidémiologie de la nutrition entérale à domicile chez l’adulte en France
Lescut, D., Bouteloup, C., Buhl, N. D., Dauchet, L., Luca, A. D., Delarue, J., Hasselmann, M., Jésus, P., Fayemendy, P., Pham, S., et al. (2019) · Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme · doi:10.1016/j.nupar.2019.08.002 · Cited by 7
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Levy‐Shraga, Y., Shenkar, A., Modan‐Moses, D., Assa, A., Haberman, Y., Shouval, D. S., Guz‐Mark, A., Lahad, A., & Weiss, B. (2019) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15046 · Cited by 7
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Stawowczyk, E., Kawalec, P., Kowalska‐Duplaga, K., & Mossakowska, M. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000002801 · Cited by 7
Twelve‐week peptide‐based formula therapy may be effective in inducing remission of active Crohn disease among women who are pregnant or preparing for pregnancy
Yang, Q., Tang, J., Ding, N., Chao, K., Li, M., Huang, Z., Guo, H., Chen, J., Zhi, M., Hu, P., et al. (2021) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.10733 · Cited by 7
Risk, Course, and Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adults with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
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Authors: Ruemmele, F. M., Veres, G., Kolho, K. L., Griffiths, A., Levine, A., Escher, J. C., Amil Dias, J., Barabino, A., Braegger, C. P., Bronsky, J., Buderus, S., Martín-de-Carpi, J., De Ridder, L., Fagerberg, U. L., Hugot, J. P., Kierkus, J., Kolacek, S., Koletzko, S., Lionetti, P., Miele, E., Navas López, V. M., Paerregaard, A., Russell, R. K., Serban, D. E., Shaoul, R., Van Rheenen, P., Veereman, G., Weiss, B., Wilson, D., Dignass, A., Eliakim, A., Winter, H., & Turner, D.
Affiliations: Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (FR)
Semmelweis University (HU)
Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
University of Toronto (CA)
Tel Aviv University (IL)
Erasmus MC (NL)
Unit of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hospital S. João, A Hernani Monteiro, 4202-451, Porto, Portugal
Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IT)
University Children's Hospital Zurich (CH)
Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol, Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
St. Marien-Hospital Bonn (DE)
Department of Paediatric Gastroenterolgoy, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Paseo Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Sorbonne Paris Cité (FR)
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Feeding Disorders, Instytut Pomnik Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka, Ul. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Medical School, Klaićeva 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
Meyer Children's Hospital (IT)
University of Naples Federico II (IT)
Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Materno Infantil, Avda. Arroyo de los Ángeles s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain
Department of Paediatrics 460, Hvidovre University Hospital, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Yorkhill Hospital, Dalnair Street, Glasgow G3 8SJ, United Kingdom
Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
Rambam Health Care Campus (IL)
Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital (BE)
Sheba Medical Center (IL)
Royal Hospital for Sick Children (GB)
Agaplesion Markus Hospital (DE)
Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
Corresponding author: Ruemmele, F.M.
ORCID: Ruemmele, F.M.
Veres, G.
Kolho, K.L.
Griffiths, A.
Levine, A.
Escher, J.C.
Braegger, C.P.
Buderus, S.
Fagerberg, U.L.
Hugot, J.P.
Koletzko, S.
Lionetti, P.
Miele, E.
Russell, R.K.
Serban, D.E.
Shaoul, R.
Veereman, G.
Weiss, B.
Wilson, D.
Dignass, A.
Winter, H.
Turner, D.
Venue: Journal of Crohn s and Colitis
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2014-10-01
Volume: 8
Issue: 10
Pages: 1179-1207
ISSN: 1873-9946 (ISSN-L)
1876-4479
DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.04.005
OpenAlex: W2135936774
Cited by: 1,083
References: 293
Citations by year: 2026: 61 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 117 · 2019: 136 · 2018: 92 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 5
FWCI: 52.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Crohn s and Colitis (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) (submittedVersion)
Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Anorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes
Keywords: pediatric Crohn's disease, medical management
MeSH terms: Adalimumab, Infliximab, Adolescent, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Algorithms, Aminosalicylic Acids, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Azathioprine, Child, Crohn Disease, Enteral Nutrition, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Methotrexate, Remission Induction, Thalidomide, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Mercaptopurine, Maintenance Chemotherapy, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

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Consensus guidelines of ECCO/ESPGHAN on the medical management of pediatric Crohn’s disease

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