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Consensus guidelines of ECCO/ESPGHAN on the medical management of pediatric Crohn’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Children and adolescents with Crohn's disease (CD) present often with a more complicated disease course compared to adult patients. In addition, the potential impact of CD on growth, pubertal and emotional development of patients underlines the need for a specific management strategy of pediatric-onset CD. To develop the first evidenced based and consensus driven guidelines for pediatric-onset CD an expert panel of 33 IBD specialists was formed after an open call within the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterolog, Hepatology and Nutrition. The aim was to base on a thorough review of existing evidence a state of the art guidance on the medical treatment and long term management of children and adolescents with CD, with individualized treatment algorithms based on a benefit-risk analysis according to different clinical scenarios. In children and adolescents who did not have finished their growth, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the induction therapy of first choice due to its excellent safety profile, preferable over corticosteroids, which are equipotential to induce remission. The majority of patients with pediatric-onset CD require immunomodulator based maintenance therapy. The experts discuss several factors potentially predictive for poor disease outcome (such as severe perianal fistulizing disease, severe stricturing/penetrating disease, severe growth retardation, panenteric disease, persistent severe disease despite adequate induction therapy), which may incite to an anti-TNF-based top down approach. These guidelines are intended to give practical (whenever possible evidence-based) answers to (pediatric) gastroenterologists who take care of children and adolescents with CD; they are not meant to be a rule or legal standard, since many different clinical scenario exist requiring treatment strategies not covered by or different from these guidelines.
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“This interest and use of CAM is common in pediatric IBD, despite being limited evidence for the role of diet and other types of CAMs in inducing and maintaining disease remission in IBD (excluding exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn’s disease) [22,23,24].”
From Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Nutrition Workshop for Parents of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Initial Effectiveness. (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
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Jacobstein, D. A., Markowitz, J. E., Kirschner, B. S., Ferry, G. D., Cohen, S. A., Gold, B. D., Winter, H. S., Heyman, M. B., & Baldassano, R. N. (2005) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.mib.0000158166.88238.ea · Cited by 92
Methotrexate in patients with Crohn's disease after 6-mercaptopurine
Mack, D. R., Young, R., Kaufman, S. S., Ramey, L., & Vanderhoof, J. A. (1998) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70313-0 · Cited by 92
Cameron, F., Gerasimidis, K., Papangelou, A., Missiou, D., Garrick, V., Cardigan, T., Buchanan, E., Barclay, A. R., McGrogan, P., & Russell, R. K. (2013) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.12230 · Cited by 91
Laharie, D., Reffet, A., Belleannée, G., Chabrun, É., Subtil, C., Razaire, S., Capdepont, M., & de Lédinghen, V. (2011) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04569.x · Cited by 90
Dermatologic Manifestations of Crohn Disease in Children: Response to Infliximab
Kugathasan, S., Miranda, A., Nocton, J. J., Drolet, B. A., Raasch, C., & Binion, D. G. (2003) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/00005176-200308000-00013 · Cited by 90
Waugh, A. W. G., Garg, S., Matic, K., Gramlich, L. M., Wong, C. K. W., Sadowski, D. C., Millan, M., Bailey, R. J., Todoruk, D., Cherry, R. D., et al. (2010) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04446.x · Cited by 90
Kopylov, U., Mantzaris, G. J., Katsanos, K. H., Reenaers, C., Ellul, P., Rahier, J. F., Israeli, E., Lakatos, P. L., Fiorino, G., Cesarini, M., et al. (2010) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04523.x · Cited by 90
Rapid improvement of bone metabolism after infliximab treatment in Crohn's disease
Franchimont, N., Putzeys, V., Collette, J., Vermeire, S., Rutgeerts, P., Vos, M. D., Gossum, A. V., Franchimont, D. P., Fiasse, R., Pelckmans, P. A., et al. (2004) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02152.x · Cited by 87
Kestens, C., van Oijen, M. G. H., Mulder, C. L. J., Bodegraven, A. A. V., Dijkstra, G. D. H., de Jong, D., Ponsioen, C. Y., van Tuyl, B. A. C., Siersema, P. D., Fidder, H. H., et al. (2013) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.01.012 · Cited by 87
Renna, S., Cammà, C., Modesto, I., Cabibbo, G., Scimeca, D., Civitavecchia, G., Mocciaro, F., Orlando, A., Enea, M., & Cottone, M. (2008) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.07.066 · Cited by 86
Reenaers, C., Louis, E. J., Bélaïche, J., Seidel, L., Keshav, S., & Travis, S. P. L. (2012) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.12076 · Cited by 85
Meta‐analysis: targeting the intestinal microbiota in prophylaxis for post‐operative Crohn’s disease
Doherty, G. A., Bennett, G., Cheifetz, A. S., & Moss, A. C. (2010) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04231.x · Cited by 84
Efficacy of methotrexate in pediatric Crohnʼs disease: A French multicenter study
Uhlen, S., Belbouab, R., Narebski, K., Goulet, O., Schmitz, J., Cézard, J., Turck, D., & Ruemmele, F. M. (2006) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.mib.0000235103.47280.bb · Cited by 83
Ryan, B., Russel, M., Schurgers, L., Wichers, M., Sijbrandij, J., Stockbrügger, R., & Schoon, E. (2004) · Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02097.x · Cited by 82
de Ridder, L., Escher, J. C., Bouquet, J., Schweizer, J. J., Rings, E. H. H. M., Tolboom, J. J. M., Houwen, R. H. J., Norbruis, O. F., Derkx, B., & Taminiau, J. A. J. M. (2004) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/00005176-200407000-00010 · Cited by 82
Enteral nutrition for the maintenance of remission in Crohnʼs disease: a systematic review
Yamamoto, T., Nakahigashi, M., Umegae, S., & Matsumoto, K. (2010) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e32832c788c · Cited by 81
A Comparison of Budesonide and Prednisone for the Treatment of Active Pediatric Crohn Disease
Levine, A., Weizman, Z., Broide, E., Shamir, R., Shaoul, R. R., Pacht, A., Dinari, G., On, A., Weiss, B., & Bujanover, Y. (2003) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/00005176-200302000-00017 · Cited by 81
Sandborn, W. J., Colombel, J., Schreiber, S., Plevy, S. E., Pollack, P. F., Robinson, A. M., Chao, J., & Mulani, P. M. (2010) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.21328 · Cited by 80
Grogan, J., Casson, D. H., Terry, A., Burdge, G. C., El‐Matary, W., & Dalzell, M. (2011) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1002/ibd.21690 · Cited by 80
International survey of enteral nutrition protocols used in children with Crohn's disease
Whitten, K. E., Rogers, P. L. B., Ooi, C. Y., & Day, A. S. (2011) · Journal of Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00558.x · Cited by 79
Shih, D. Q., Nguyen, M., Zheng, L., Ibanez, P., Mei, L., Kwan, L. Y., Bradford, K., Ting, C. D., Targan, S. R., & Vasiliauskas, E. A. (2012) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05206.x · Cited by 79
Optimum Duration of Treatment With 6-Mercaptopurine for Crohn's Disease
Kim, P. S.-H., Zlatanic, J., Korelitz, B. I., & Gleim, G. W. (1999) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01532.x · Cited by 79
Cassan, C. D., Fiorino, G., & Danese, S. (2012) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000338128 · Cited by 77
The duration of effect of infliximab maintenance treatment in paediatric Crohn’s disease is limited
de Bie, C. I., Hummel, T., Kindermann, A., Kokke, F. T., Damen, G. M., Kneepkens, C. M. F., van Rheenen, P. F., Schweizer, J. J., Hoekstra, J. H., Norbruis, O. F., et al. (2010) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04507.x · Cited by 75
Infliximab in Steroid-dependent Ulcerative Colitis
Armuzzi, A., Pugliese, D., Danese, S., Rizzo, G., Felice, C., Marzo, M., Andrisani, G., Fiorino, G., Sociale, O. R., Papa, A., et al. (2013) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0b013e3182802909 · Cited by 74
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 293 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Griffiths, 2004, Specificitiesofinflammatoryboweldiseaseinchildhood, BestPractResClinGastroenterol, 18, 509
- Seidman, 1991, Elemental diet versus prednisone as initial therapy in Crohn's disease: early and long term results, Gastroenterology, 100, A250
- Seidman, 1993, Semi-elemental (S-E) diet versus prednisone in pediatric Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1993, Gastroenterology, 104, A778
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Torres, J., Mehandru, S., Colombel, J., & Peyrin‐Biroulet, L. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31711-1 · Cited by 2,833
The Medical Management of Paediatric Crohn’s Disease: an ECCO-ESPGHAN Guideline Update
van Rheenen, P. F., Aloi, M., Assa, A., Bronský, J., Escher, J. C., Fagerberg, U. L., Gasparetto, M., Gerasimidis, K., Griffiths, A. M., Henderson, P., et al. (2020) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa161 · Cited by 756
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“Overall, the panel did not find enough evidence to make firm recommendations over and above previous European recommendations [13,137].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationRetracted
Metadata
- Authors
- Ruemmele, F. M., Veres, G., Kolho, K. L., Griffiths, A., Levine, A., Escher, J. C., Amil Dias, J., Barabino, A., Braegger, C. P., Bronsky, J., Buderus, S., Martín-de-Carpi, J., De Ridder, L., Fagerberg, U. L., Hugot, J. P., Kierkus, J., Kolacek, S., Koletzko, S., Lionetti, P., Miele, E., Navas López, V. M., Paerregaard, A., Russell, R. K., Serban, D. E., Shaoul, R., Van Rheenen, P., Veereman, G., Weiss, B., Wilson, D., Dignass, A., Eliakim, A., Winter, H., & Turner, D.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (FR)
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Unit of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hospital S. João, A Hernani Monteiro, 4202-451, Porto, Portugal
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IT)
- University Children's Hospital Zurich (CH)
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol, Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- St. Marien-Hospital Bonn (DE)
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterolgoy, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Paseo Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Sorbonne Paris Cité (FR)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Feeding Disorders, Instytut Pomnik Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka, Ul. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, University of Zagreb Medical School, Klaićeva 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Meyer Children's Hospital (IT)
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Materno Infantil, Avda. Arroyo de los Ángeles s/n, 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Paediatrics 460, Hvidovre University Hospital, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Yorkhill Hospital, Dalnair Street, Glasgow G3 8SJ, United Kingdom
- Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
- Rambam Health Care Campus (IL)
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands
- Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital (BE)
- Sheba Medical Center (IL)
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children (GB)
- Agaplesion Markus Hospital (DE)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Ruemmele, F.M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Crohn s and Colitis
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-10-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1179-1207
- ISSN
- 1873-9946 (ISSN-L)
- 1876-4479
- OpenAlex
- W2135936774
- Cited by
- 1,083
- References
- 293
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 117 · 2019: 136 · 2018: 92 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 52.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Crohn s and Colitis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) (submittedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Anorectal Disease Treatments and Outcomes
- Keywords
- pediatric Crohn's disease, medical management
- MeSH terms
- Adalimumab, Infliximab, Adolescent, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Algorithms, Aminosalicylic Acids, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Azathioprine, Child, Crohn Disease, Enteral Nutrition, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Methotrexate, Remission Induction, Thalidomide, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Mercaptopurine, Maintenance Chemotherapy, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
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