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Adverse events associated with oral administration of melatonin: A critical systematic review of clinical evidence
Abstract
While melatonin was once thought of simply as a sleep-inducing hormone, recent research has resulted in development of a deeper understanding of the complex physiological activity of melatonin in the human body. Along with this understanding has come widespread, increasing use of melatonin supplementation, extending beyond its traditional use as a sleep aid into novel fields of application. This increased use often involves off-label and self-prescription, escalating the importance of safety data. In order to examine the current knowledge relating to safety of the exogenous neurohormone, we conducted a comprehensive, critical systematic review of clinical evidence. We examined controlled studies of oral melatonin supplementation in humans when they presented any statistical analysis of adverse events. Of the fifty articles identified, twenty-six found no statistically significant adverse events, while twenty-four articles reported on at least one statistically significant adverse event. Adverse events were generally minor, short-lived and easily managed, with the most commonly reported adverse events relating to fatigue, mood, or psychomotor and neurocognitive performance. A few studies noted adverse events relating to endocrine (e.g. reproductive parameters, glucose metabolism) and cardiovascular (e.g. blood pressure, heart rate) function, which appear to be influenced by dosage, dose timing and potential interactions with antihypertensive drugs. Oral melatonin supplementation in humans has a generally favourable safety profile with some exceptions. Most adverse effects can likely be easily avoided or managed by dosing in accordance with natural circadian rhythms. Further research is required to explore the potential for melatonin to interact with endogenous hormones and pharmaceuticals.
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“Oral melatonin is mostly perceived as safe based on published reports, even in higher doses [300]; however, there can be specific instances that may necessitate further diligence and clinical oversight.”
From Is Melatonin the “Next Vitamin D”?: A Review of Emerging Science, Clinical Uses, Safety, and Dietary Supplements (2022) · cites this paper as [300]
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Reiter, R. J., Abreu-González, P., Marik, P. E., & Domínguez‐Rodríguez, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00226 · Cited by 105
El-Missiry, M. A., El-Missiry, Z. M. A., & Othman, A. I. (2020) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173329 · Cited by 98
Antioxidants for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Are We There Yet?
Griñán‐Lisón, C., Blaya-Cánovas, J. L., López-Tejada, A., Ávalos-Moreno, M., Navarro-Ocón, A., Cara, F. E., González-González, A., Lorente, J. A., Marchal, J. A., & Granados-Principal, S. M. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10020205 · Cited by 108
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Biancatelli, R. M. L. C., Berrill, M., Mohammed, Y. H., & Marik, P. E. (2020) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd.2019.12.85 · Cited by 96
“In a meta-analysis of 50 studies evaluating the efficacy of oral melatonin supplementation (1 to 20 mg) (147), nearly half reported adverse effects, often transient, associated with daytime dosing and commonly as drowsiness and fatigue.”
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Lu, X., Yu, S., Chen, G., Zheng, W., Peng, J., Huang, X., & Chen, L. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2021.4915 · Cited by 94
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“The reported adverse events were mostly related to psychomotor and neurocognitive dysfunctions, fatigue, and excessive sleepiness [126], which could be avoided by taking melatonin at night and using the proper dosage with short-term administration.”
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Madsen, B. K., Zetner, D. B., Møller, A. M., & Rosenberg, J. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009861.pub3 · Cited by 91
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“66% of patients compared to placebo, though this was not considered significant.(30,31) It is not clear if this was related to early administration of melatonin.”
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Megha, K. B., Arathi, A., Shikha, S., Alka, R., Ramya, P., & Mohanan, P. V. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-03915-0 · Cited by 78
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“significant adverse events attributed to melatonin; a lot of them were short life (sleepiness, headache, or fatigue), whereas other more serious side effects were seen at very high doses or in specific populations.(365) In this context, some reports have evidenced that short‐term melatonin can sometimes lead to opposi…”
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Imenshahidi, M., Karimi, G., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2020) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-020-01822-4 · Cited by 66
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An Assessment of Melatonin’s Therapeutic Value in the Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy of the Newborn
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“It crosses readily the blood-brain barrier, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are readily exerted and it has an excellent safety profile (Gitto et al., 2001, 2009; Welin et al., 2007; Foley and Steel, 2019).”
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“However, other studies have reported doubts about the ef fi cacy of melatonin in treating OP (105), and concerns about its side effects have been raised (106, 107).”
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Genário, R., Morello, E., Bueno, A. A., & Santos, H. O. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104337 · Cited by 45
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Its Neuroinvasive Capacity: Is It Time for Melatonin?
Romero, A., Ramos, E., Lopez-Munoz, F. J., Gil‐Martín, E., Escames, G., & Reiter, R. J. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-020-00938-8 · Cited by 49
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Melatonin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Osteolytic Bone Metastasis: Implications for Osteoporosis
MacDonald, I. J., Tsai, H., Chang, A., Huang, C., Yang, S., & Tang, C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22179435 · Cited by 41
“and headache; no dose has been linked to serious adverse effects [12,14].”
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Kimland, E. E., Bardage, C., Collin, J., Järleborg, A., Ljung, R., & Iliadou, A. N. (2020) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01598-1 · Cited by 39
“However, little is known regarding safety and adverse effects of long-term use in the pediatric population [17, 20, 21].”
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“These events were generally minor, short-lived and easily managed, eg by dosing in accordance with natural circadian rhythms [163].”
BackgroundEarly Origins of Hypertension: Should Prevention Start Before Birth Using Natural Antioxidants?
Hsu, C., & Tain, Y. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9111034 · Cited by 40
Perinatal Use of Melatonin for Offspring Health: Focus on Cardiovascular and Neurological Diseases
Hsu, C., Huang, L., & Tain, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20225681 · Cited by 40
“Fatigue, excessive sleepiness, and reductions in psychomotor and neurocognitive function are the most frequently reported adverse reactions [47].”
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Ramos, E., Farré‐Alins, V., Egea, J., Lopez-Munoz, F. J., Reiter, R. J., & Romero, A. (2020) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2020.114933 · Cited by 32
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Melatonin and Vascular Function
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What do we really know about the safety and efficacy of melatonin for sleep disorders?
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“But in some cases, adverse drug events such as dizziness were also observed (Foley and Steel 2019).”
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Cardinali, D. P., Brown, G. M., & Pandi-Perumal, S. R. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s380465 · Cited by 35
“A comprehensive study of the negative consequences of oral melatonin supplementation has been conducted.(116) 26 of the 50 publications revealed no statistically significant adverse events, whereas 24 reported at least one statistically significant adverse event.”
BackgroundMelatonin and Prostate Cancer: Anti-tumor Roles and Therapeutic Application
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Potential of Melatonin as Adjuvant Therapy of Oral Cancer in the Era of Epigenomics
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“In the case of melatonin, it has recently been reported that even at high doses, and aside from some rare exceptions, both physiological and pharmacological concentrations have no significant toxicity [54].”
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Pourmohammad, P., Maroufi, N. F., Rashidi, M., Vahedian, V., Pouremamali, F., Faridvand, Y., Ghaffari-Novin, M., Isazadeh, A., Hajazimian, S., Nejabati, H. R., et al. (2021) · Biochemical Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10528-021-10104-4 · Cited by 27
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Ramos, E., Lopez-Munoz, F. J., Gil‐Martín, E., Egea, J., Álvarez‐Merz, I., Painuli, S., Semwal, P., Martins, N. A., Hernández-Guijo, J. M., & Romero, A. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10071152 · Cited by 25
“There is, apparently, a lack of serious adverse effects after its supplementation [68].”
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Romero, A., Ramos, E., Lopez-Munoz, F. J., Rı́os, C. D. L., Egea, J., Gil‐Martín, E., Pita, R. P., Torrado, J. J., Serrano, D. R., & Juberías, A. (2021) · Diseases · doi:10.3390/diseases9020027 · Cited by 25
“Despite there are no serious adverse effects described, a particular population has been suggested to be monitored to clarify this relatively safe profile [7].”
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Castro‐Marrero, J., Zaragozá, M. C., López-Vílchez, I., Galmés, J. L., Cordobilla, B., Maurel, S., Domingo, J. C., & Alegre, J. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10071010 · Cited by 22
“The most frequently reported adverse effects were daytime sleepiness, headache, and dizziness [22].”
BackgroundMelatonin: A window into the organ-protective effects of sepsis
Liu, R., Luo, X., Li, J., Lei, Y., Fan, Z., Huang, X., Lan, Y., & Yang, F. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113556 · Cited by 22
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Rolling, J., Rabot, J., & Schroder, C. M. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s340944 · Cited by 23
Kiabi, F. H., Emadi, S. A., Ebadi, A., Aezzi, G., & Ahmadi, N. S. (2021) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102345 · Cited by 19
“A review reported long-term side effects of melatonin like dizziness, drowsiness and somnolence in patients undergoing general anesthesia surgery [41] and cognitive decline in elderly patients under general anesthesia in hip surgery [42,43].”
BackgroundAmiri, P., Hosseini, S. A., Roshanravan, N., Saghafi‐Asl, M., & Tootoonchian, M. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06891-9 · Cited by 18
Cassimatis, M., Browne, G. J., & Orr, R. (2022) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2022.09.018 · Cited by 17
Melatonin, a natural antioxidant therapy in spinal cord injury
Xie, L., Wu, H., Huang, X., & Yu, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1218553 · Cited by 17
“However, a clinical trial indicated no significant difference between melatonin and placebo arms in the rate of adverse events, even at a dose as high as 1,600 mg/day (Foley and Steel, 2019).”
BackgroundMelatonin’s Impact on Wound Healing
Sohn, E., Kim, S., & Lee, S. R. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13101197 · Cited by 21
“Melatonin is generally considered a safe supplement for short-term use, with a low incidence of serious side effects [18,34,226–230].”
BackgroundSeo, K., Kim, J., & Han, D. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11050675 · Cited by 16
“A review paper on adverse effects of melatonin administration studies involving various types of disease also reported that there were either no adverse effects or that the adverse effects were minor and controllable [39].”
BackgroundLi, C., Ma, D., Li, M., Wei, T., Zhao, X., Heng, Y., Ma, D., Anto, E. O., Zhang, Y., Niu, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.737972 · Cited by 17
“Some studies also showed that melatonin had no side effects in the short term and had mild side effects in the long term (59, 64).”
BackgroundRatwani, M., Bisht, S., & Prakash, S. (2025) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151978 · Cited by 20
Ramos, E., Egea, J., Lopez-Munoz, F. J., Gil‐Martín, E., & Romero, A. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15061616 · Cited by 15
Adverse events in long-term studies of exogenous melatonin
Besag, F., & Vasey, M. J. (2022) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1080/14740338.2022.2160444 · Cited by 15
“Furthermore, analyses of the data from double-blind, placebocontrolled studies of the adverse effects of short-term treatment with melatonin have also revealed no serious adverse effects [77,78].”
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“27 However, these studies noted that such effects were likely to be observed when melatonin was administered immediately before testing or during daylight hours; this suggests that the timing and dosage of melatonin administration may influence adverse psychiatric and behavioral events.”
BackgroundMelatonin for Insomnia in Medical Inpatients: A Narrative Review
Salahub, C. M., Wu, P. E., Burry, L. D., Soong, C., Sheehan, K., MacMillan, T. E., & Lapointe‐Shaw, L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12010256 · Cited by 12
“In a systematic review of clinical studies, adverse drug events from melatonin were unlikely to occur (reported in 24 out of 50 studies) and most were associated with daytime dosing, very high doses, or in specific patient populations [36].”
BackgroundInfluentialMelatonin and TGF-β-Mediated Release of Extracellular Vesicles
Piekarska, K., Bonowicz, K., Grzanka, A., Jaworski, Ł. M., Reiter, R. J., Slominski, A. T., Steinbrink, K., Kleszczyński, K., & Gagat, M. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13040575 · Cited by 13
Amstrup, A. K., & Rejnmark, L. (2024) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103026 · Cited by 14
Wang, L., Su, Y., & Choi, W. S. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22189907 · Cited by 13
“Besides the anticancer effects, melatonin has a favorable safety profile without major adverse events [47].”
BackgroundPotential and Possible Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin on SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Shchetinin, E., Батурин, В. А., Arushanyan, E., Bolatchiev, A., & Bobryshev, D. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11010140 · Cited by 13
Associations between treatment with melatonin and suicidal behavior: a nationwide cohort study
Høier, N. K., Madsen, T., Spira, A. P., Hawton, K. E., Jennum, P., Nordentoft, M., & Erlangsen, A. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10118 · Cited by 12
Use of Melatonin Is Associated With Lower Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Older Adults
Zhang, N., Sundquist, J., Sundquist, K., & Ji, J. (2021) · Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000000396 · Cited by 12
Insomnia in Children Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Melatonin in Treatment
Bruni, O., Biggio, G., Malorgio, E., & Nobili, L. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.046 · Cited by 11
Exploring the association between melatonin and nicotine dependence (Review)
Georgakopoulou, V., Sklapani, P., Τράκας, Ν., Reiter, R. J., & Spandidos, D. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2024.5406 · Cited by 12
“Unlike some pharmacotherapies, melatonin is a naturally occurring molecule with few adverse effects, making it suitable for long‑term use (101,102).”
Conversation With Kara Parker, MD: Caring for the Underserved Population During COVID-19.
Evans, J. M., Luby, R., Lukaczer, D., Rountree, R., Stone, P. M., Guilliams, T. G., Yanuck, S. F., Messier, H., Ramsdell, K., & Hanaway, P. J. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 11
Thanawala, S., Abiraamasundari, R., & Shah, R. (2024) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16101248 · Cited by 12
“The most common AEs were related to fatigue, mood, or psychomotor and neurocognitive performance which were generally short-lived and associated with day-time dosing [32].”
BackgroundMelatonin's paradox: From therapeutic benefits to toxicity warnings
Amrollahi‐Sharifabadi, M., Oladejo, T. O., Ibrahim, A. S., Shakoor, B., Mehrpour, O., Hashjin, G. S., & Gonçalves, S. D. (2025) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2025.111556 · Cited by 11
Wang, Z., Li, Y., Lin, D., & Ma, J. (2020) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12948 · Cited by 10
Developmental and Early Life Origins of Hypertension: Preventive Aspects of Melatonin
Tain, Y., & Hsu, C. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11050924 · Cited by 9
“The main reported adverse effects include fatigue, excessive sleepiness, and reductions in neurocognitive and psychomotor function [65].”
BackgroundRoostaei, G., Rad, N. K., Rahimi, B., Asgari, A., Mosalanejad, S., Kazemizadeh, H., Edalatifard, M., & Abtahi, H. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70282 · Cited by 8
D’Angelo, A., Lixi, F., Vitiello, L., Gagliardi, V., Pellegrino, A., & Giannaccare, G. (2025) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/bmri/6654976 · Cited by 9
“All the described compounds have shown minimal toxicity in the clinical research reported in the literature, with the exception of curcumin [122], coenzyme Q10 [240], ALA [241], melatonin [242], PUFA [243], and zinc [244], which have shown some adverse e ff ects and drug interactions (Table 2).”
Ahmed, J., Patel, W., Pullattayil, A. K., & Razak, A. (2021) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-320592 · Cited by 7
Crosstalk between copper, Alzheimer’s disease, and melatonin
Deepika, Thakur, A., Panghal, A., Pundir, R., Singh, C., Goyal, M., Namdeo, A. G., & Kumar, J. (2025) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-025-00712-7 · Cited by 6
“In clinical trials of melatonin for primary or secondary sleep disorders, adverse effects were frequently low to moderate in severity, self-limiting, or dissipated promptly after treatment (Foley and Steel 2019).”
Bhaskar, R., Narayanan, K. B., Singh, D. K. K., & Han, S. S. (2025) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/0115672050381989250626071304 · Cited by 7
Mohammadi, S., Ashtary‐Larky, D., Erfanian-Salim, M., Alaghemand, N., Yousefi, M., Pirayvatlou, P. S., Mirkarimi, M., Mavi, S. A., Alavi, I., Ettehad, Y., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18010134 · Cited by 9
“Another review reported that melatonin supplementation generally has a favorable safety profile [171].”
Hakiminia, B., Alikiaii, B., Khorvash, F., & Mousavi, S. (2021) · Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.34172/apb.2022.013 · Cited by 6
Hart, D. A., Zernicke, R. F., & Shrive, N. G. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23179949 · Cited by 6
“, 2021 [74], and some adverse events have been noted Foley and Steel, 2019 [75].”
BackgroundMethodLing, W., Yang, C., Ho, M., & Lee, J. J. (2025) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.70075 · Cited by 5
“However, these treatments may cause side effects, such as fatigue, dizziness, low blood pressure, cognitive impairment, and confusion, and could even increase the risk of in-hospital falls (Foley and Steel 2019; Herzig et al. 2021; White et al. 2023).”
Peltz, J. S., & Rogge, R. D. (2023) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-023-00506-9 · Cited by 5
“In fact, rates of melatonin usage across the U.S. have risen five-fold over the past 2 decades [10], and recent reports have questioned the relative safety of melatonin [11], particularly in regard to suicidal ideation [12].”
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Yılmaz, C., & Gökmen, V. (2021) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05181 · Cited by 5
Solà, E., Morales-Garcia, J. A., Lopez-Munoz, F. J., Ramos, E., & Romero, A. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14060712 · Cited by 4
Influence of Acute Melatonin Administration on Human Physical Performance: A Systematic Review
Faria, V. S., Messias, L. H. D., Pejon, T. M. M., & Beck, W. R. (2023) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/19417381231155142 · Cited by 4
“15 Compelling evidence has demonstrated the association of melatonin with a depressive effect on the central nervous system, 10,41 reduced alertness, 4,21,32,52 and decreased body temperature.”
BackgroundAn online survey among general pediatricians on melatonin use in children with chronic insomnia
Bruni, O., Breda, M., Malorgio, E., Brambilla, P., Ceschin, F., Pilla, A. D., Elia, M., & Ferri, R. (2023) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.11.004 · Cited by 4
Melatonin and neurodegeneration: From neurotoxic environment to cell resilience
Ramos, E., Gil‐Martín, E., & Romero, A. (2019) · Advances in molecular toxicology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64293-6.00003-8 · Cited by 4
Haghparast, P., Pondrom, M., & Ray, S. D. (2020) · Side effects of drugs annual · doi:10.1016/bs.seda.2020.08.008 · Cited by 4
Protective Effects of Melatonin Against PM2.5-Induced Lung Damage
Özdemir, İ., Muluk, N. B., Karahan, M. B., Dönmez, D. B., & Cingi, C. (2025) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000011556 · Cited by 3
Therapeutic potential of melatonin in musculoskeletal medicine
Migliorini, F., Schäfer, L., Simeone, F., Memminger, M. K., Eschweiler, J., & Vaishya, R. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedics · doi:10.1016/j.jor.2025.11.011 · Cited by 3
Bejarano, I., Jiménez‐Jorge, S., Lobo-Acosta, M. Á., López, A. I. Á., Rosso-Fernández, C. M., Ruiz, R. L., Eichau, S., Ruíz-Peña, J. L., Geniz, M. A., Ampuero, J., et al. (2026) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-025-01261-w · Cited by 3
“Although large-scale randomised clinical trials that evaluate chronic high-dose melatonin administration remain limited, existing studies confirm its low toxicity and favourable safety profile [18, 20].”
Melatonin as a protector against endocrine disruption across tissues: A systematic review
Isingizwe, C., Ndinganire, G., & Alagbonsi, A. I. (2026) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.71049 · Cited by 3
“Systematic reviews of longer-term ( ≥ 6 months) prospective studies have found a persistent scarcity of rigorously monitored safety data (Foley & Steel, 2019), and current guidance generally recommends short-duration use pending further evidence (Colitta et al., 2026).”
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Li, M., Liu, L., Zhang, C., Deng, L., Zhong, Y., Liao, B., Li, X., Wan, Y., & Feng, J. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2024.2347468 · Cited by 3
“The main adverse effects of melatonin are associated with reduced psychomotor and neurocognitive function or fatigue and excessive somnolence, whereas its cardiovascular-related adverse events are not significant [142].”
BackgroundVaresio, C., Franco, V., Pasca, L., Celario, M., Fattore, C., Fedele, G., Rota, P., Palmisani, M., & GIORGIS, V. D. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13030383 · Cited by 3
“Melatonin has been demonstrated to be safe and short treatment at low doses has almost no side effects in the healthy population [10].”
BackgroundMiguel, A. M., Cacharro, L. M., Santamaría, G., Garrosa, M., Miguel, M. C. S., Roche, E., Garrosa, E., & Fernández‐Lázaro, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1594733 · Cited by 4
Exogenous Melatonin Use in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Alqutub, S. T., Alzahrani, F. A., Hassan, A. S., Alirbidi, A. H., Alraddadi, O. A., AlSadah, O. A., Yamani, M. B., & Tobaiqy, M. A. (2024) · Pharmacy · doi:10.3390/pharmacy12020041 · Cited by 2
“Moreover, evidence from 26 RCTs concluded that exogenous AEs can be avoided when it can be administered in accordance with the biological circadian rhythm [19].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Foley, H. M., & Steel, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Endeavour College of Natural Health (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Foley, Hope M.
- Venue
- Complementary Therapies in Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 42
- Pages
- 65-81
- ISSN
- 0965-2299 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2898688630
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 1.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Complementary Therapies in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OPUS - Open Publications of UTS Scholars (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Complementary Medicines Australia
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- melatonin, oral supplementation, adverse events, drug safety, sleep aids, off-label drug use, self-prescription, fatigue, mood, neuropsychological performance, cardiovascular effects, glucose metabolism, reproductive parameters, antihypertensive drug interactions, endocrine interactions
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Humans, Melatonin, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
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