Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 313

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 88 of the 88 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The evolving role of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: A review

Open access
Gelsomino, Fabio, Barbolini, Monica, Spallanzani, Andrea, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Cascinu, Stefano·2016·Cancer Treatment Reviews
DOI 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.10.005
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a molecular marker of a deficient mismatch repair (MMR) system and occurs in approximately 15% of colorectal cancers (CRCs), more frequently in early than late-stage of disease. While in sporadic cases (about two-thirds of MSI-H CRCs) MMR deficiency is caused by an epigenetic inactivation of MLH1 gene, the remainder are associated with Lynch syndrome, that is linked to a germ-line mutation of one of the MMR genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2). MSI-H colorectal cancers have distinct clinical and pathological features such as proximal location, early-stage (predominantly stage II), poor differentiation, mucinous histology and association with BRAF mutations. In early-stage CRC, MSI can select a group of tumors with a better prognosis, while in metastatic disease it seems to confer a negative prognosis. Although with conflicting results, a large amount of preclinical and clinical evidence suggests a possible resistance to 5-FU in these tumors. The higher mutational load in MSI-H CRC can elicit an endogenous immune anti-tumor response, counterbalanced by the expression of immune inhibitory signals, such as PD-1 or PD-L1, that resist tumor elimination. Based on these considerations, MSI-H CRCs seem to be particularly responsive to immunotherapy, such as anti-PD-1, opening a new era in the treatment landscape for patients with metastatic CRC.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.10.005

Cites

88 of 88 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 88 references

Cited by

See all 313

Metadata

Authors
Gelsomino, F., Barbolini, M., Spallanzani, A., Pugliese, G., & Cascinu, S.
Venue
Cancer Treatment Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-12
Volume
51
Pages
19-26
ISSN
0305-7372 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.10.005
OpenAlex
W2546257383
Cited by
313
References
88
FWCI
18.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The evolving role of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: A review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.10.005
The paper
Gelsomino, F., Barbolini, M., Spallanzani, A., Pugliese, G., & Cascinu, S. (2016). The evolving role of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: A review. Cancer Treatment Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.10.005

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.