The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Western Scrub-Jays Anticipate Future Needs Independently of Their Current Motivational State
Open accessAbstract
Planning for the future has been considered to be a uniquely human trait [1-3]. However, recent studies challenge this hypothesis by showing that food-caching Western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica) can relate their previous experience as thieves to the possibility of future cache theft by another bird [4], are sensitive to the state of their caches at recovery ([5] and S. De Kort, S.P.C.C., D. Alexis, A.D., and N.S.C., unpublished data), and can plan for tomorrow's breakfast [6]. Although these results suggest that scrub-jays are capable of future planning, the degree to which these birds act independently of their current motivational state is a matter of contention. The Bischof-Köhler hypothesis [1] holds that nonhuman animals cannot anticipate and act toward the satisfaction of a future need not currently experienced or cued by their present motivational state. Using specific satiety to control for the jays' current and future motivational states, here we specifically test this hypothesis by dissociating current and future motivational states. We report that Western scrub-jays anticipate the recovery of their caches, as well as their own future needs, by acting independently of their current motivational state and immediate needs. The fact that the birds act in favor of a future need as opposed to the current one challenges the hypothesis that this ability is unique to humans.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“both scrub-jays and Eurasian jays appear to plan for future needs that differ from their current motivational states [160,161]”
From Is episodic-like memory like episodic memory? (2024) · cites this paper as [161]
Citations
Cites
Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays
Clayton, N. S., & Dickinson, A. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/26216 · Cited by 1,464
Self-citationAtance, C. M., & O'Neill, D. K. (2001) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01804-0 · Cited by 1,300
Mental time travel and the evolution of the human mind.
Suddendorf, T., & Corballis, M. C. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 1,035
Episodic Memory and Autonoesis: Uniquely Human?
Tulving, E. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195161564.003.0001 · Cited by 1,029
Motivational control of goal-directed action
Dickinson, A., & Balleine, B. (1994) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03199951 · Cited by 995
Self-citationPlanning for the future by western scrub-jays
Raby, C. R., Alexis, D. M., Dickinson, A., & Clayton, N. S. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05575 · Cited by 670
Self-citationCan animals recall the past and plan for the future?
Clayton, N. S., Bussey, T. J., & Dickinson, A. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1180 · Cited by 658
Self-citationThinking of the future and past: the roles of the frontal pole and the medial temporal lobes
Okuda, J., Fujii, T., Ohtake, H., Tsukiura, T., Tanji, K., Suzuki, K., Kawashima, R., Fukuda, H., Itoh, M., & Yamadori, A. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00179-4 · Cited by 607
Apes Save Tools for Future Use
Mulcahy, N. J., & Call, J. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1125456 · Cited by 578
Effects of experience and social context on prospective caching strategies by scrub jays
Emery, N. J., & Clayton, N. S. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35106560 · Cited by 565
Self-citationKlein, S. B., Loftus, J., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (2002) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.20.5.353.21125 · Cited by 553
Food-Caching Western Scrub-Jays Keep Track of Who Was Watching When
Dally, J. M., Emery, N. J., & Clayton, N. S. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1126539 · Cited by 501
Self-citationThe case of K.C.: contributions of a memory-impaired person to memory theory
Rosenbaum, R. S., Köhler, S., Schacter, D. L., Moscovitch, M., Westmacott, R., Black, S. E., Gao, F., & Tulving, E. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.10.007 · Cited by 433
Roberts, W. A. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.3.473 · Cited by 432
The Future Is Now: Temporal Correction in Affective Forecasting
Gilbert, D. T., Gill, M. J., & Wilson, T. D. (2002) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.2001.2982 · Cited by 429
Episodic-like Memory in the Rat
Babb, S. J., & Crystal, J. D. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.025 · Cited by 308
Foresight and Evolution of the Human Mind
Suddendorf, T. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1129217 · Cited by 171
Motivational Control of Instrumental Action
Dickinson, A., & Balleine, B. W. (1995) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512272 · Cited by 116
Self-citationNaqshbandi, M., & Roberts, W. A. (2006) · Journal of Comparative Psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.120.4.345 · Cited by 108
Clayton, N. S., Dally, J. M., Gilbert, J., & Dickinson, A. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.31.2.115 · Cited by 95
Self-citationMotivational control of caching behaviour in the scrub jay,Aphelocoma coerulescens
Clayton, N. S., & Dickinson, A. (1999) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1006/anbe.1998.0989 · Cited by 84
Self-citationAnimal Memory: Episodic-like Memory in Rats
Roberts, W. A. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.001 · Cited by 30
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Remembering the past to imagine the future: the prospective brain
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2213 · Cited by 2,394
Episodic Simulation of Future Events: Concepts, Data, and Applications
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1440.001 · Cited by 840
Mental time travel and the shaping of the human mind
Suddendorf, T., Addis, D. R., & Corballis, M. C. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0301 · Cited by 405
Osvath, M., & Osvath, H. (2008) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-008-0157-0 · Cited by 341
Ravens parallel great apes in flexible planning for tool-use and bartering
Kabadayi, C., & Osvath, M. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aam8138 · Cited by 287
Metadata
- Authors
- Correia, S. P. C., Dickinson, A., & Clayton, N. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Clayton, Nicola S.
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 856-861
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2004026195
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 21.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/D000335/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- western scrub-jay, Aphelocoma californica, future planning, food caching, cache recovery, motivational states, satiety, animal cognition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appetite, Cues, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Motivation, Time Perception, Passeriformes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
