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Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit
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“All tardigrades require surrounding water to grow and reproduce, but some species—typically those living in the limno-terrestrial environments—have the ability to tolerate almost complete dehydration.”
From Extremotolerant tardigrade genome and improved radiotolerance of human cultured cells by tardigrade-unique protein (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that the values shown are only the limits for metabolically active organisms and that dormant life (such as a spore) is often able to tolerate even more extreme conditions (Rothschild and Mancinelli, 2001; Cavicchioli, 2002; Jönsson et al., 2008).”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Jönsson et al., 2008
Citations
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Self-citationRadiation tolerance in the tardigradeMilnesium tardigradum
Horikawa, D. D., Sakashita, T., Katagiri, C., Watanabe, M., Kikawada, T., Nakahara, Y., Hamada, N., Wada, S., Funayama, T., Higashi, S., et al. (2006) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.1080/09553000600972956 · Cited by 198
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Yoshida, Y., Satoh, T., Ota, C., Tanaka, S., Horikawa, D. D., Tomita, M., Kato, K., & Arakawa, K. (2022) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-022-08642-1 · Cited by 34
Tanaka, S., Aoki, K., & Arakawa, K. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2216739120 · Cited by 35
Mapalo, M., Arakawa, K., Baker, C. M., Persson, D. K., Mirano‐Bascos, D., & Giribet, G. (2020) · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics · doi:10.1534/g3.119.400734 · Cited by 34
Traunspurger, W., & Majdi, N. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416558-8.00014-7 · Cited by 33
Tardigrade small heat shock proteins can limit desiccation-induced protein aggregation
Hibshman, J. D., Carra, S., & Goldstein, B. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04512-y · Cited by 35
Tolerance to proton irradiation in the eutardigradeRichtersius coronifer– a nuclear microprobe study
Nilsson, E. J. C., Jonsson, K., & Pallon, J. (2010) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.3109/09553000903568001 · Cited by 32
“2006), and in a recent study tardigrades were also exposed to the harsh conditions in space, including cosmic and ultra-violet (UV) irradiation (Jönsson et al. 2008).”
BackgroundThe Adaptability of Life on Earth and the Diversity of Planetary Habitats
Schulze-Makuch, D., Airo, A., & Schirmack, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02011 · Cited by 31
“As shown for tardigrades the limit of survival can extend for some species to nearly absolute zero (Jönsson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundExploring dry storage as an alternative biobanking strategy inspired by Nature
Saragusty, J., & Loi, P. (2018) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.027 · Cited by 31
Zarubin, M. P., Azorskaya, T., Kuldoshina, O. A., Alekseev, S., Mitrofanov, S. V., & Kravchenko, E. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106998 · Cited by 34
“They can even survive after spending 10 days in outer space in the low-Earth orbit.(5) Remarkably, tardigrades also have unique radioresistance: irradiation with g-rays at the doses of 0.”
BackgroundComparative studies on storage cells in tardigrades during starvation and anhydrobiosis
Reuner, A., Hengherr, S., Brümmer, F., & Schill, R. O. (2010) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/czoolo/56.2.259 · Cited by 31
“In the anhydrobiotic state they can endure experimental conditions of low or high temperatures as well as immersion in organic solvents, or exposure to high doses of radiation and hydrostatic pressure pressure (Westh et al., 1991; Ramløv and Westh, 1992; Westh and Kristensen, 1992; Seki and Toyoshima, 1998; Ramløv and…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBrain anatomy of the marine tardigrade actinarctus doryphorus (arthrotardigrada)
Persson, D. K., Halberg, K. A., Jørgensen, A., Møbjerg, N., & Kristensen, R. M. (2013) · Journal of Morphology · doi:10.1002/jmor.20207 · Cited by 30
“Specimens of Actinarctus doryphorus doryphorus were submerged in distilled water until they were inactive followed by fixation in trialdehyde consisting of: 2.9% glutaraldehyde, 2.0% formaldehyde, 1.25% acrolein, and 2.6% DMSO in 0.1 mol l21 sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4; Kalt and Tandler, 1971).”
MethodInfluentialUnearthing terrestrial extreme microbiomes for searching terrestrial-like life in the Solar System
Coleine, C., & Delgado‐Baquerizo, M. (2022) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2022.04.002 · Cited by 30
Survival of Tardigrades in Extreme Environments: A Model Animal for Astrobiology
Horikawa, D. D. (2011) · Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1896-8_12 · Cited by 30
Czerneková, M., Janelt, K., Student, S., Jonsson, K., & Poprawa, I. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201430 · Cited by 29
Fukuda, Y., Miura, Y., Mizohata, E., & Tsuyoshi Inoue, A. (2017) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12752 · Cited by 34
Osmotic stress tolerance in semi-terrestrial tardigrades
Heidemann, N. W. T., Smith, D. K., Hygum, T. L., Stapane, L., Clausen, L. K. B., Jørgensen, A., Hélix‐Nielsen, C., & Møbjerg, N. (2016) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/zoj.12502 · Cited by 28
“J€onsson & Bertolani, 2001; Horikawa et al., 2006; J€onsson et al., 2008; Møbjerg et al., 2011; Persson et al., 2011; Wełnicz et al., 2011).”
Jonsson, K., & Wójcik, A. (2017) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1462 · Cited by 28
“Tardigrades are also currently the only animal that has survived the combined exposure to space vacuum, cosmic radiation, and solar UV radiation in low Earth orbit (Jo¨nsson et al., 2008).”
Space Flight Effects on Antioxidant Molecules in Dry Tardigrades: The TARDIKISS Experiment
Rizzo, A. M., Altiero, T., Corsetto, P. A., Montorfano, G., Guidetti, R., & Rebecchi, L. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/167642 · Cited by 27
“Tardigrades have already been exposed to space stressors on Low Earth Orbit during the FOTON-M3 mission in 2007 with different projects (TARDIS [7]; TARSE [1, 8]; RoTaRad [9]).”
BackgroundSugiura, K., Minato, H., Suzuki, A., Arakawa, K., Kunieda, T., & Matsumoto, M. (2019) · ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE · doi:10.2108/zs180103 · Cited by 27
“, 2009, 2012), and exposure to extraterrestrial environments (Rebecchi et al., 2007; Jönsson et al., 2008; Persson et al., 2010).”
BackgroundHohberg, K., Russell, D. J., & Elmer, M. (2011) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00600.x · Cited by 27
Molecular approach to micrometazoans. Are they here, there and everywhere?
Guil, N. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511974878.015 · Cited by 26
Suma, H. R., Prakash, S., Giri, D., Mugesh, G., & Eswarappa, S. M. (2020) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2020.0391 · Cited by 27
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 system and the preferred no-indel end-joining repair in tardigrades
Kumagai, H., Kondo, K., & Kunieda, T. (2022) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.060 · Cited by 31
The Planetary and Space Simulation Facilities at DLR Cologne
Rabbow, E., Parpart, A., & Reitz, G. (2015) · Microgravity Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12217-015-9448-7 · Cited by 26
Self-citationThe Tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus as a Model Animal for Astrobiological Studies
Horikawa, D. D. (2008) · Biological Sciences in Space · doi:10.2187/bss.22.93 · Cited by 26
“…species M. tardigradum not only survives exposure to extreme environmental conditions combined with space vacuum and full-range UV radiation in low Earth orbit, but also produce offspring from eggs exposed to space vacuum combined with 280 to 400 nm range UV radiation (Jönsson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundNoetzel, R. D. L. T., Ortega‐García, M. V., Miller, A. Z., Bassy, O., Granja, C., Cubero, B., Jordão, L., Martínez‐Frías, J., Rabbow, E., Backhaus, T., et al. (2020) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1959 · Cited by 27
“to study the short-and long-term survival capacity of different extremophile organisms exposed to space and Mars-like conditions (Sancho et al. , 2007; Jo¨nsson et al. , 2008; de la Torre et al. , 2010; Onofri et al. , 2012; Wassmann et al. , 2012).”
Self-citationSchokraie, E., Hotz‐Wagenblatt, A., Warnken, U. H., Frohme, M., Dandekar, T., Schill, R. O., & Schnölzer, M. (2011) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00608.x · Cited by 26
Self-citationExperimentally Induced Repeated Anhydrobiosis in the Eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer
Czerneková, M., & Jonsson, K. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164062 · Cited by 26
Can the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini survive in the absence of the geomagnetic field?
Erdmann, W., Idzikowski, B., Kowalski, W., Szymański, B., Kosicki, J. Z., & Kaczmarek, Ł. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183380 · Cited by 25
Differential mechanisms of tolerance to extreme environmental conditions in tardigrades
Carrero, D., Pérez-Silva, J. G., Quesada, V., & López-Otı́n, C. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51471-8 · Cited by 26
Iron Ladies – How Desiccated Asexual Rotifer Adineta vaga Deal With X-Rays and Heavy Ions?
Hespeels, B., Penninckx, S., Cornet, V., Bruneau, L., Bopp, C., Baumle, V., Redivo, B., Heuskin, A., Moeller, R., Fujimori, A., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01792 · Cited by 25
“…coupled with their desiccation tolerance at any stage of their life cycle prone them to the short list of animals that can be used as model systems to study how life can be adapted and could evolve in extra-terrestrial environments (Jönsson et al., 2008; Vukich et al., 2012; Rabbow et al., 2015).”
BackgroundPuig, J., Knödlseder, N., Quera, J., Algara, M., & Güell, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.789668 · Cited by 25
“This is the case of some species of tardigrades, such as Ramazzottius varieornatus (Jönsson et al., 2008), and bacteria such as Deinococcus radiodurans (Kawaguchi et al.”
BackgroundAnhydrobiotic rock-inhabiting cyanobacteria: Potential for astrobiology and biotechnology
Billi, D. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-211-99691-1_6 · Cited by 24
The Aquaporin Channel Repertoire of the Tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum
Grohme, M. A., Mali, B., Wełnicz, W., Michel, S., Schill, R. O., & Frohme, M. (2013) · Bioinformatics and Biology Insights · doi:10.4137/bbi.s11497 · Cited by 25
Self-citationRicci, C., Riolo, G., Marzocchi, C., Brunetti, J., Pini, A., & Cantara, S. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10100970 · Cited by 30
“They can resist extreme temperatures [3,4], vacuum, high pressure [5], radiation [6], chemicals and direct exposure to open space [7].”
BackgroundProtection by desiccation‐tolerance proteins probed at the residue level
Crilly, C. J., Brom, J. A. N., Warmuth, O. A., Esterly, H. J., & Pielak, G. J. (2021) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.4231 · Cited by 23
The Tardigrade damage suppressor protein Dsup promotes DNA damage in neurons
Escarcega, R. D., Patil, A. A., Meyer, M. D., Moruno-Manchon, J. F., Silvagnoli, A. D., McCullough, L. D., & Tsvetkov, A. S. (2023) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103826 · Cited by 29
Ice crystallization and freeze tolerance in embryonic stages of the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum
Hengherr, S., Reuner, A., Brümmer, F., & Schill, R. O. (2010) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.01.015 · Cited by 24
“…almost complete desiccation, ionizing radiation, vacuum, high pressure and low and high temperatures (Hengherr et al., 2009a; Hengherr et al., 2009b; Horikawa et al., 2006; Jönsson et al., 2008; Jönsson and Schill, 2007; Ramløv and Westh, 1992; Ramløv and Westh, 2001; Westh and Kristensen, 1992).”
BackgroundSelf-citationJÖNSSON, I. K., Beltrán-Pardo, E., Haghdoost, S., Wójcik, A., Bermúdez‐Cruz, R. M., Bernal, J. E., & Harms‐Ringdahl, M. (2013) · Journal of Limnology · doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s1.e9 · Cited by 24
“…exposure of an animal to the combined effect of space vacuum and cosmic/UV radiation in low Earth orbit (ca. 300 km asl) ever made, some tardigrades were able to survive and also reproduce (Jönsson et al., 2008), confirming a remarkable ability to survive under extreme desiccation and radiation.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEffect of ultra-high pressure on small animals, tardigrades and Artemia
Ono, F., Mori, Y., Takarabe, K., Fujii, A., Saigusa, M., Matsushima, Y., Yamazaki, D., Ito, E., Galas, S., & Saini, N. L. (2016) · Cogent Physics · doi:10.1080/23311940.2016.1167575 · Cited by 24
Gradini, R., Chen, F., Tan, R., & Newlin, L. E. (2019) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2019.05.002 · Cited by 24
Park, H. K., Lee, D., Lee, H., & Hong, S. (2020) · Materials Horizons · doi:10.1039/c9mh01448a · Cited by 24
Bonifacio, A., Guidetti, R., Altiero, T., Sergo, V., & Rebecchi, L. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050162 · Cited by 24
“Remarkably, even in their hydrated active state, tardigrades show an unexpectedly high survival rate upon freezing (even with temperatures as low as 2196uC) [8,9] or exposure to high levels of ionizing radiations [3,5].”
BackgroundSmith, F. W., & Jockusch, E. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Zoology · doi:10.1186/s12983-014-0066-9 · Cited by 23
“The taxon Tardigrada is composed of microscopic invertebrates known for their remarkable ability to survive hostile environments, including extremes in temperature, pressure, salinity, radiation, and even the vacuum of outer space [1-8].”
BackgroundVeling, M. T., Nguyen, D. T., Thadani, N. N., Oster, M. E., Rollins, N. J., Brock, K. P., Bethel, N. P., Lim, S., Baker, D. A., Way, J. C., et al. (2022) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.1c00572 · Cited by 24
Verkhratsky, A. (2020) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114261 · Cited by 24
Criscuolo, F., Sueur, C., & Bergouignan, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00119 · Cited by 22
Long-Term Survival of Microscopic Animals Under Desiccation Is Not So Long
Fontaneto, D., Bunnefeld, N., & Westberg, M. (2012) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0828 · Cited by 22
“, 2001; Convey and McInnes, 2005), and have been shown to survive also when exposed to the extreme conditions of outer space (Ricci et al., 2005; Jönsson et al., 2008; Rebecchi et al., 2009a; Persson et al., 2011).”
InfluentialThe structure of the desiccated Richtersius coronifer (Richters, 1903)
Czerneková, M., Jonsson, K., Chajec, Ł., Student, S., & Poprawa, I. (2016) · PROTOPLASMA · doi:10.1007/s00709-016-1027-2 · Cited by 22
Space Dust Collisions as a Planetary Escape Mechanism
Berera, A. (2017) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1662 · Cited by 22
“A small invertebrate animal, the tardigrade, has been shown to be even more resilient, surviving extreme temperature, heat, pressure, and radiation (Horikawa, 2011), and the tardigrade has been shown to survive in space (Jo¨nsson et al., 2008).”
Cell Biology of the Tardigrades: Current Knowledge and Perspectives
Jonsson, K., Holm, I., & Tassidis, H. (2019) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_10 · Cited by 23
Kondo, K., Tanaka, A., & Kunieda, T. (2024) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011298 · Cited by 26
Halberg, K. A., Larsen, K. W., Jørgensen, A., Ramløv, H., & Møbjerg, N. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.075531 · Cited by 21
“Indeed, their extremophilic nature has favored them as model organisms in astrobiology and space research (Jönsson et al., 2008; Rebecchi et al., 2009; Persson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundBIOKIS: A Model Payload for Multidisciplinary Experiments in Microgravity
Vukich, M., Ganga, P. L., Cavalieri, D., Rizzetto, L., Rivero, D., Pollastri, S., Mugnai, S., Mancuso, S., Pastorelli, S., Lambreva, M. D., et al. (2012) · Microgravity Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12217-012-9309-6 · Cited by 21
“The latter hitting the headlines in 2009 as the organisms survived space vacuum and combined exposure to space vacuum and solar radiation (Jönsson et al. 2008).”
BackgroundThiel, C. S., Ehrenfreund, P., Foing, B. H., Pletser, V., & Ullrich, O. (2011) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550411000073 · Cited by 22
“2006), temperatures of −273 °C (Becquerel 1950) and the vacuum of space (Jönsson et al. 2008).”
BackgroundHalberg, K. A., & Møbjerg, N. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.065987 · Cited by 21
“Among multi-cellular animals, tardigrades exhibit an extraordinary ability to resist environmental extremes, and are known to survive conditions greatly exceeding those encountered in their natural habitat – even in space (Jönsson et al., 2008; Rebecchi et al., 2008; Persson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundFukuda, Y., & Tsuyoshi Inoue, A. (2018) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.3393 · Cited by 23
“further highlighted by an experiment in which two tardigrades in dehydrated states could survive in the vacuum of outer space for 10 days.(16) Several research groups have recently launched genomics and molecular biological studies to reveal the molecular basis for anhydrobiosis of tardigrades.”
BackgroundDraft genome of the Eutardigrade Milnesium tardigradum sheds light on ecdysozoan evolutionPreprint
Bemm, F., Burleigh, L. M., Förster, F., Schmucki, R., Ebeling, M., Janzen, C. J., Dandekar, T., Schill, R. O., Certa, U., & Schultz, J. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/122309 · Cited by 21
“Specimen even survived the exposure to space in low earth orbit [21].”
BackgroundSelf-citationYamagishi, A., Yokobori, S., Yoshimura, Y., Yamashita, M., Hashimoto, H., Kubota, T., Yano, H., Haruyama, J., Tabata, M., Kobayashi, K., et al. (2010) · Biological Sciences in Space · doi:10.2187/bss.24.67 · Cited by 18
“This hypothesis is based on the dried states of water bears, i.e., tardigrades (Horikawa et al., 2006; Jönsson et al., 2008) and chiromid larvae (Watanabe et al., 2006, 2007) as well as microorganisms (Mashino et al., 2010).”
BackgroundModelling extreme desiccation tolerance in a marine tardigrade
Hygum, T. L., Stuart, R. M., Jørgensen, A., & Møbjerg, N. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29824-6 · Cited by 19
Møbjerg, A., Kodama, M., Ramos‐Madrigal, J., Neves, R. C., Jørgensen, A., Schiøtt, M., Gilbert, M. T. P., & Møbjerg, N. (2022) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111245 · Cited by 16
“In this state, tardigrades can, for example, tolerate exposure to the vacuum and cosmic radiation of space, very high hydrostatic and osmotic pressures, complete desiccation, and exposure to extremely low temperatures (e.g. Rahm, 1924; Becquerel, 1950; Jönsson et al., 2008; Hengherr et al., 2009; Møbjerg et al., 2011;…”
BackgroundCarbonylation accumulation of the Hypsibius exemplaris anhydrobiote reveals age-associated marks
Kuzmić, M., Richaud, M., Cuq, P., Frelon, S., & Galas, S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208617 · Cited by 16
“For example, they can survive up to 10 kJ/m2 UV exposure [5], a ten-day space flight exposure to solar radiations at low earth orbit in the space vacuum [6], or exposure of up to 7.”
BackgroundJanelt, K., & Poprawa, I. (2020) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d12020062 · Cited by 16
Erdmann, W., Idzikowski, B., Kowalski, W., Kosicki, J. Z., & Kaczmarek, Ł. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.10630 · Cited by 15
“Although it was shown that some tardigrades are able to survive even the exposure to the space vacuum (Jönsson et al., 2008; Rebecchi et al., 2009a, 2009b; Persson et al., 2011; Rebecchi et al., 2011a, 2011b; Vukich et al., 2012), the experiments were conducted within the protection of Earth’s magnetic field, i.”
BackgroundNew insights into osmobiosis and chemobiosis in tardigrades
Hvidepil, L. K. B., & Møbjerg, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1274522 · Cited by 15
Sadowska‐Bartosz, I., & Bartosz, G. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25158393 · Cited by 16
“The experiments showed that tardigrades can survive exposure to the space vacuum, but the addition of factors such as UV solar radiation, ionizing solar radiation, and galactic cosmic radiation significantly reduced their survival rate [53,75].”
BackgroundEntanglement in a qubit-qubit-tardigrade system
Lee, K. S., Tan, Y. P., Nguyen, L. H., Budoyo, R. P., Park, K. H., Hufnagel, C., Yap, Y. S., Møbjerg, N., Vedral, V., Paterek, T., et al. (2022) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aca81f · Cited by 16
“Importantly, many tardigrades show extraordinary survival capabilities [18] and selected species have previously been exposed to extremely low temperatures of 50mK [19] and low Earth orbit pressures of 10−19mbar [20].”
BackgroundIshigaki, Y., Nakamura, Y., Oikawa, Y., Yano, Y., Kuwabata, S., Nakagawa, H., Tomosugi, N., & Takegami, T. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032676 · Cited by 15
“In addition, it has been reported that tardigrades (trivial name is ‘‘water bear’’) are resistant to vacuum condition in space and SEM [17,18].”
BackgroundLife-history traits in the tardigrade species Paramacrobiotus kenianus and Paramacrobiotus palaui
Schill, R. O. (2013) · Journal of Limnology · doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s1.e20 · Cited by 14
“…high pressure (Seki and Toyoshima, 1998; Horikawa et al., 2009), UV and high energy radiation (Jönsson et al., 2005; Horikawa et al., 2006; Jönsson et al., 2008; Rebecchi et al., 2009, 2011; Altiero et al., 2011; Persson et al., 2011), exposure to high temperatures (Doyère, 1842; Pouchet,…”
BackgroundSelf-citationCesari, M., Giovannini, I., Altiero, T., Guidetti, R., Cornette, R., Kikawada, T., & Rebecchi, L. (2022) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects13070634 · Cited by 14
Cesari, M., Altiero, T., & Rebecchi, L. (2012) · The European Zoological Journal · doi:10.1080/11250003.2012.703248 · Cited by 14
“…used as a model animal for studies on survival of extreme environmental stressors (Rebecchi et al. 2007; Guidetti et al. 2011), including space (Jönsson et al. 2008; Rebecchi et al. 2009a, 2011; *Correspondence: Michele Cesari, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio…”
BackgroundKletetschka, G., & Hruba, J. (2015) · BioResearch open access · doi:10.1089/biores.2015.0008 · Cited by 14
“Tardigrades are among the most desiccation- and radiation-tolerant animals and have been shown to survive extreme levels of ionizing radiation.(35,44,57,61) They tolerate a high dose of radiation, for example, 1000s of grays of X-rays, gamma rays,(44,65) and heavy ions.”
Meiofauna—Adapted to Life at the Limits
Ingels, J., Zeppilli, D., & Giere, O. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21622-0_11 · Cited by 13
Additive manufacturing: state of the art and potential for insect science
Jaffar‐Bandjee, M., Casas, J., & Krijnen, G. J. M. (2018) · Current Opinion in Insect Science · doi:10.1016/j.cois.2018.09.011 · Cited by 13
“Insects, and in a broader sense arthropods, have a large range of ecological conditions: they can crawl on the ground, swim, fly, live in caves in complete darkness [1] or even survive space conditions ([2], Panarthropoda clade).”
BackgroundTibbs‐Cortes, L. E., Emanuels, A. F., & Miller, W. R. (2016) · Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science · doi:10.1660/062.119.0207 · Cited by 13
Muiña, A. T., & Burchell, M. J. (2021) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2020.2405 · Cited by 13
“, 2011; Schill and Hengherr, 2018; Jönsson, 2019) and have survived exposure in space on the exterior of space vehicles ( Jönsson et al., 2008; Rebecchi et al., 2009; Persson et al., 2011).”
BackgroundUnderstanding the Bigger Energy Picture
Düren, M. (2017) · SpringerBriefs in energy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57966-5 · Cited by 13
McNichol, J. C., & Gordon, R. (2012) · Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2941-4_30 · Cited by 12
“Noting that many organisms, including some animals (Jonsson et al., 2008 ) , can survive extreme cold and desiccation and remain viable, the largest obstacles to panspermia are the time scale of transfer and the deleterious effect of radiation.”
BackgroundHeat shock proteins in encysted and anhydrobiotic eutardigrades
Alterio, T., Guidetti, R., Boschini, D., & Rebecchi, L. (2012) · Journal of Limnology · doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2012.e22 · Cited by 12
“…tardigrades can persist for months, or even for years, and exhibit a remarkable resilience to physical and chemical extremes (for a review see Rebecchi et al. 2007; Schill 2010; Guidetti et al. 2011), including outer space (Jönsson et al. 2008; Rebecchi et al. 2009a, 2011; Persson et al. 2011).”
BackgroundTardigrade indexing approach on exoplanets
Jagadeesh, M. K., Roszkowska, M., & Kaczmarek, Ł. (2018) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2018.08.001 · Cited by 12
An experimental study on tolerance to hypoxia in tardigrades
Hagelbäck, P., & Jonsson, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1249773 · Cited by 11
Chemobiosis reveals tardigrade tun formation is dependent on reversible cysteine oxidation
Smythers, A. L., Joseph, K. M., O’Dell, H. M., Clark, T. A., Crislip, J. R., Flinn, B. B., Daughtridge, M. H., Stair, E. R., Mubarek, S. N., Lewis, H. C., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295062 · Cited by 12
New insights into the limited thermotolerance of anhydrobiotic tardigrades
Neves, R. C., Stuart, R. M., & Møbjerg, N. (2020) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.1080/19420889.2020.1812865 · Cited by 10
“The ability to withstand complete desiccation provides tardigrades with an extraordinary tolerance toward extreme conditions, including exposure to space[11].”
BackgroundAstroecology, cosmo-ecology, and the future of life
Mautner, M. N. (2014) · Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae · doi:10.5586/asbp.2014.036 · Cited by 11
“Tardigrades could also survive space travel [49].”
Kim, J., Fukuda, Y., & Tsuyoshi Inoue, A. (2018) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.14713 · Cited by 10
The Physical, Chemical and Physiological Limits of Life
Schulze‐Makuch, D., Schulze-Makuch, A., & Houtkooper, J. M. (2015) · Life · doi:10.3390/life5031472 · Cited by 11
“[29] reported that tardigrades can survive the vacuum of open space plus space radiation of low-Earth orbit for at least 10 days.”
BackgroundAcoustomicrofluidic separation of tardigrades from raw cultures for sample preparation
Afzal, M., Park, J., Destgeer, G., Ahmed, H., Iqrar, S. A., Kim, S., Kang, S., Alazzam, A., Yoon, T., & Sung, H. J. (2019) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz079 · Cited by 11
“, 2008, 2016), space vacuum (Jönsson et al., 2008), ultraviolet (Altiero et al.”
Dynamical and Biological Panspermia Constraints Within Multiplanet Exosystems
Veras, D., Armstrong, D. J., Blake, J., Gutierrez-Marcos, J., Jackson, A., & Schaefer, H. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1786 · Cited by 9
“Biopan 6, on the other hand, provided the first testing ground for tardigrades in space (Jo¨nsson et al. , 2008).”
Hellweg, C. E., Arena, C., Baatout, S., Baselet, B., Beblo‐Vranesevic, K., Caplin, N., Coos, R., Pieve, F. D., Micco, V. D., Foray, N., et al. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18810-7_10 · Cited by 11
Self-citationTardigrades in the Canopy: Using Double Rope Techniques to Conduct Sampling Along Vertical Transects
Haefke, B. J., Spiers, A. I., Miller, W. R., & Lowman, M. D. (2013) · Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science · doi:10.1660/062.116.0303 · Cited by 10
“In cryptobiosis, tardigrades can survive most environmental extremes (Kinchin 1994, Ramazzotti & Maucci 1983, Miller 1997) including exposure to space in earth orbit (Jonsson et al. 2008).”
BackgroundFernandez, C., Vasanthan, T., Kissoon, N. “., Karam, G., Duquette, N., Seymour, C. B., & Stone, J. R. (2016) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/zoj.12481 · Cited by 10
The fate of the TARDIS offspring: no intergenerational effects of space exposure
Jonsson, K., Schill, R. O., Rabbow, E., Rettberg, P., & Harms‐Ringdahl, M. (2016) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/zoj.12499 · Cited by 10
Self-citationKimura, S., Tomita‐Yokotani, K., Katoh, H., Sato, S., & Ohmori, M. (2017) · Biological Sciences in Space · doi:10.2187/bss.31.1 · Cited by 10
“Milnesium tradigradum and Richtersius coronifer were exposed to space vacuum and two different UV-radiation spectral ranges for 10-days in low Earth orbit during the FOTON-M3 mission conducted by ESA, European Space Agency (Jönsson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodRicci, C., Riolo, G., Marzocchi, C., Brunetti, J., Pini, A., & Cantara, S. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0333.v1 · Cited by 10
Toxicity with Waste-Generated Ionizing Radiations: Blunders Behind the Scenes
Sharma, A., Chand, K., Singh, G. B., & Mudgal, G. (2021) · Molecular and integrative toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83446-3_15 · Cited by 10
A review on Antarctic polyextremophiles and their survival strategies
Goldenberg-Barbosa, R., Donato, A. L. D. S., ANJOS, D., & Amaral, C. R. L. (2025) · Polar Biology · doi:10.1007/s00300-025-03362-0 · Cited by 10
“Tardigrades have been found to survive the harsh conditions of outer space, including vacuum, radiation, and wide temperature fluctuations (Jönsson et al. 2008; Persson et al. 2011).”
Developmental and genomic insight into the origin of the tardigrade body plan
Smith, F. W., Game, M., Mapalo, M., Chavarria, R. A., Harrison, T. R., & Janßen, R. (2023) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/ede.12457 · Cited by 11
“Some species are so resilient that they can survive exposure to the vacuum of outer space, even given the extremes in pressure, temperature, and radiation in this environment (Jönsson et al., 2008).”
Why We Should Care About Universal Biology
Mariscal, C., & Fleming, L. (2017) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1007/s13752-017-0280-8 · Cited by 9
Occupied and Empty Regions of the Space of Extremophile Parameters
Robinson, J. M., & Mikucki, J. A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811940-2.00009-5 · Cited by 10
Tibbs‐Cortes, L. E., Tibbs‐Cortes, B. W., & Schmitz‐Esser, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.866930 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Jönsson, K. I., Rabbow, E., Schill, R. O., Harms-Ringdahl, M., & Rettberg, P.
- Affiliations
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- University of Stuttgart (DE)
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- R729-R731
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2106102828
- Cited by
- 415
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 17.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- elib (German Aerospace Center) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Space Agency
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Crafoordska Stiftelsen
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Tardigrade Biology and Ecology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Keywords
- tardigrades, low Earth orbit, solar radiation, galactic cosmic rays, desiccation tolerance, anhydrobiosis, radioresistance (biology), space biology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cosmic Radiation, Extraterrestrial Environment, Invertebrates, Ovum, Space Flight, Survival, Ultraviolet Rays, Vacuum, Earth, Planet
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