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Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit
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“All tardigrades require surrounding water to grow and reproduce, but some species—typically those living in the limno-terrestrial environments—have the ability to tolerate almost complete dehydration.”
From Extremotolerant tardigrade genome and improved radiotolerance of human cultured cells by tardigrade-unique protein (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that the values shown are only the limits for metabolically active organisms and that dormant life (such as a spore) is often able to tolerate even more extreme conditions (Rothschild and Mancinelli, 2001; Cavicchioli, 2002; Jönsson et al., 2008).”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Jönsson et al., 2008
Citations
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Self-citationRadiation tolerance in the tardigradeMilnesium tardigradum
Horikawa, D. D., Sakashita, T., Katagiri, C., Watanabe, M., Kikawada, T., Nakahara, Y., Hamada, N., Wada, S., Funayama, T., Higashi, S., et al. (2006) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.1080/09553000600972956 · Cited by 198
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“5 mm [29] and is known to survive for several days in open space [30].”
BackgroundHashimoto, T., Horikawa, D. D., Saito, Y., Kuwahara, H., Kozuka-Hata, H., Shin-I, T., Minakuchi, Y., Ohishi, K., Motoyama, A., Aizu, T., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12808 · Cited by 394
Survival in extreme environments – on the current knowledge of adaptations in tardigrades
Møbjerg, N., Halberg, K. A., Jørgensen, A., Persson, D. K., Bjørn, M. E., Ramløv, H., & Kristensen, R. M. (2011) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02252.x · Cited by 261
“Several recent studies involved with the BIOPAN 6/Foton-M3 mission in 2007, funded by the European Space Agency, have investigated the impact on survival of tardigrades exposed to space conditions (Jönsson et al. 2008, Rebecchi et al. 2009a, Persson et al. 2011).”
BackgroundRussell, J. J., Theriot, J. A., Sood, P., Marshall, W. F., Landweber, L. F., Fritz‐Laylin, L. K., Polka, J., Oliferenko, S., Gerbich, T. M., Gladfelter, A. S., et al. (2017) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0391-5 · Cited by 237
“Upon rehydration, animals survived and produced young that hatched at normal or nearly normal rates [255, 256].”
BackgroundOn dormancy strategies in tardigrades
Guidetti, R., Altiero, T., & Rebecchi, L. (2011) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.03.003 · Cited by 227
Biological Robustness: Paradigms, Mechanisms, and Systems Principles
Whitacre, J. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2012.00067 · Cited by 190
“…a nearly suspended metabolic state (Crowe and Crowe, 2000), tardigrades can persist for years under tremendous extremes in temperature (−200, 150˚C; Jönsson et al., 2008), pressure (0, 1200 atm; Seki and Toyoshima, 1998; Jönsson et al., 2008), dehydration (Guidetti and Jönsson, 2002), and direct…”
BackgroundInfluentialSpace Radiation Biology for “Living in Space”
Furukawa, S., Nagamatsu, A., Nenoi, M., Fujimori, A., Kakinuma, S., Katsube, T., Wang, B., Tsuruoka, C., Shirai, T., Nakamura, A., et al. (2020) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2020/4703286 · Cited by 191
Two Novel Heat-Soluble Protein Families Abundantly Expressed in an Anhydrobiotic Tardigrade
Yamaguchi, A., Tanaka, S., Yamaguchi, S., Kuwahara, H., Takamura, C., Imajoh-Ohmi, S., Horikawa, D. D., Toyoda, A., Katayama, T., Arakawa, K., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044209 · Cited by 176
Košťál, V., Zahradníčková, H., & Šimek, P. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1107060108 · Cited by 176
Evidence for extensive horizontal gene transfer from the draft genome of a tardigrade
Boothby, T. C., Tenlen, J. R., Smith, F. W., Wang, J. R., Patanella, K. A., Osborne Nishimura, E., Tintori, S. C., Li, Q., Jones, C. D., Yandell, M., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1510461112 · Cited by 172
“Tardigrades survive several additional stresses normally thought to be incompatible with life (1, 2), including extreme temperatures (−272 to 151 °C) (3, 4), radiation intensities orders of magnitude greater than humans can withstand (5, 6), incubation in organic solvents (7), and extremes of pressure (8).”
BackgroundAnhydrobiosis in tardigrades—The last decade
Wełnicz, W., Grohme, M. A., Kaczmarek, Ł., Schill, R. O., & Frohme, M. (2011) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.03.019 · Cited by 171
Self-citationAre viruses alive? The replicator paradigm sheds decisive light on an old but misguided question
Koonin, E. V., & Starokadomskyy, P. (2016) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.02.016 · Cited by 149
“For example, micro-animals tardigrades can survive prolonged incubation in outer space where no biochemical reactions are possible (Jonsson et al 2008).”
Backgroundde la Torre, R., Sancho, L. G., Horneck, G., Rı́os, A. D. L., Wierzchoś, J., Olsson‐Francis, K., Cockell, C. S., Rettberg, P., Berger, T., Vera, J.-P. P. D., et al. (2010) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.010 · Cited by 136
Self-citationDomagal-Goldman, S. D., Wright, K. E., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Wright, K. E., Adamala, K., Arina de la Rubia, L., Bond, J., Dartnell, L. R., Goldman, A. D., Lynch, K., et al. (2016) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1460 · Cited by 136
“It is important to note that the values shown are only the limits for metabolically active organisms and that dormant life (such as a spore) is often High temperature Thermophile or hyperthermophile Submarine hydrothermal vents, terrestrial hot springs, deep subterranean environments 121–122 C 1–3 Low temperature Psyc…”
InfluentialTanaka, S., Tanaka, J., Miwa, Y., Horikawa, D. D., Katayama, T., Arakawa, K., Toyoda, A., Kubo, T., & Kunieda, T. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118272 · Cited by 128
“Dehydrated tardigrades exhibit extreme tolerance against various environmental stresses [2,3].”
BackgroundLong-distance passive dispersal in microscopic aquatic animals
Fontaneto, D. (2019) · Movement Ecology · doi:10.1186/s40462-019-0155-7 · Cited by 127
Chávez-Hernández, E. C., Cruz‐Becerra, G., Fei, J., Kassavetis, G. A., & Kadonaga, J. T. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.47682 · Cited by 127
“Remarkably, they have been found to survive exposure to the vacuum and radiation of outer space (Jönsson et al., 2008).”
EXPOSE-E: An ESA Astrobiology Mission 1.5 Years in Space
Rabbow, E., Rettberg, P., Barczyk, S., Bohmeier, M., Parpart, A., Panitz, C., Horneck, G., von Heise-Rotenburg, R., Hoppenbrouwers, T., Willnecker, R., et al. (2012) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0760 · Cited by 122
“…hydrocarbons, fullerenes, and complex aromatic networks in outer space (Ehrenfreund and Foing, 1997); and of the responses of organisms to the harsh environmental parameters of space (Horneck et al., 1984, 2010; Horneck and Brack, 1992; Horneck, 1998; Sancho et al., 2007; Jo¨nsson et al., 2008).”
InfluentialSelf-citationAdvantages and Limitations of Current Microgravity Platforms for Space Biology Research
Ferranti, F., Bianco, M. D., & Pacelli, C. (2020) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11010068 · Cited by 122
Rabbow, E., Horneck, G., Rettberg, P., Schott, J. U., Panitz, C., L’Afflitto, A., von Heise-Rotenburg, R., Willnecker, R., Baglioni, P., Hatton, J. P., et al. (2009) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-009-9173-6 · Cited by 121
“Recent experiments on board of the BIOPAN facility extended the list of organisms surviving exposure to space vacuum in LEO with lichens (Sancho et al. 2007) and tardigrades ( Jonsson et al. 2008 ).”
Self-citationThe biology of tardigrade disordered proteins in extreme stress tolerance
Hesgrove, C., & Boothby, T. C. (2020) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-020-00670-2 · Cited by 113
“For example, to survive high temperatures or the vacuum of outer space, tardigrades must first be in a desiccated state [4].”
BackgroundGuil, N., & Giribet, G. (2011) · Cladistics · doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00364.x · Cited by 116
“…humans—levels of X- and ultraviolet rays (May et al., 1964); high pressures up to six times that found at 10 000 m depth (Seki and Toyoshima, 1998); and even extraterrestrial conditions such as cosmic radiation and the environment outside a spaceship (Jönsson et al., 2008; Rebecchi et al., 2009).”
BackgroundHibshman, J. D., Clegg, J. S., & Goldstein, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.592016 · Cited by 115
Extreme stress tolerance in tardigrades: surviving space conditions in low earth orbit
Persson, D. K., Halberg, K. A., Jørgensen, A., Ricci, C. N., Møbjerg, N., & Kristensen, R. M. (2011) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00605.x · Cited by 106
“the results obtained from two similar projects on Foton-M3: TARDIS and LIFE-TARSE (Jönsson et al. 2008; Rebecchi et al. 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialComparative transcriptomics suggest unique molecular adaptations within tardigrade lineages
Kamilari, M., Jørgensen, A., Schiøtt, M., & Møbjerg, N. (2019) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-019-5912-x · Cited by 103
Tardigrades in Space Research - Past and Future
Erdmann, W., & Łukasz, K. (2016) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-016-9522-1 · Cited by 107
Rebecchi, L., Altiero, T., Guidetti, R., Cesari, M., Bertolani, R., Negroni, M., & Rizzo, A. M. (2009) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2008.0305 · Cited by 100
“Our findings, together with those of Jo¨nsson et al. (2008), indicate that tardigrades have the ability to tolerate the extreme stresses of the extraterrestrial environment and that multicellular organisms should be considered to facilitate research on the conditions that allow life outside of Earth.”
InfluentialEXPOSE-R2: The Astrobiological ESA Mission on Board of the International Space Station
Rabbow, E., Rettberg, P., Parpart, A., Panitz, C., Schulte, W., Molter, F., Jaramillo, E., Demets, R., Weiß, P., & Willnecker, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01533 · Cited by 100
“Many biological samples were exposed in astrobiological space missions, from microorganisms to small animals, lichen, and plant seeds (Horneck et al., 1984b, 2010; Horneck and Brack, 1992; Horneck, 1998b; Sancho et al., 2007; Jonsson et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDelmont, T. O., & Eren, A. M. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1839 · Cited by 96
“Tardigrades are microscopic animals occurring in a wide range of ecosystems and they exhibit extended capabilities to survive in harsh conditions that would be fatal to most animals [30, 31, 32, 33].”
BackgroundThe Future of Cell Biology: Emerging Model Organisms
Goldstein, B., & King, N. (2016) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2016.08.005 · Cited by 97
“elegans dauer larvae, which survives drying [23], but no animal is known to survive the extremes that tardigrades (Figure 1) can survive, including freezing to near absolute zero [24] and exposure to the vacuum of outer space [25,26].”
BackgroundHorikawa, D. D., Cumbers, J. R., Sakakibara, I., Rogoff, D. A., Leuko, S., Harnoto, R., Arakawa, K., Katayama, T., Kunieda, T., Toyoda, A., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064793 · Cited by 96
“UVC radiation exposure usually causes formation of the major photoproduct thymine dimers, or thymine cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), in DNA [8].”
BackgroundAntioxidant defences in hydrated and desiccated states of the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus richtersi
Rizzo, A. M., Negroni, M., Altiero, T., Montorfano, G., Corsetto, P. A., Berselli, P., Berra, B., Guidetti, R., & Rebecchi, L. (2010) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.02.009 · Cited by 97
“Lastly, anhydrobiotic tardigrades are able to withstand several physical and chemical extremes (i.e. very low and high temperature, high pressure, cosmic radiation and organic solvents; Rebecchi et al., 2007, 2009a; Jönsson et al., 2008; Horikawa et al., 2008, 2009; Ono et al., 2008).”
New insights into survival strategies of tardigrades
Møbjerg, N., & Neves, R. C. (2020) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110890 · Cited by 92
Wakayama, S., Kamada, Y., Yamanaka, K., Kohda, T., Suzuki, H., Shimazu, T., Tada, M. N., Osada, I., Nagamatsu, A., Kamimura, S., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1701425114 · Cited by 91
“In addition, drying conditions might be better than traditional cryopreservation for long-term preservation, because tardigrades can survive in extreme environments, such as space, only in a dehydrated state of dormancy (41).”
BackgroundDNA damage in storage cells of anhydrobiotic tardigrades
Neumann, S., Reuner, A., Brümmer, F., & Schill, R. O. (2009) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.611 · Cited by 85
Self-citationHow humans drive speciation as well as extinction
Bull, J. W., & Maron, M. (2016) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0600 · Cited by 95
Gusev, O., Nakahara, Y., Vanyagina, V., Malutina, L., Cornette, R., Sakashita, T., Hamada, N., Kikawada, T., Kobayashi, Y., & Okuda, T. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014008 · Cited by 87
The astrobiological mission EXPOSE-R on board of the International Space Station
Rabbow, E., Rettberg, P., Barczyk, S., Bohmeier, M., Parpart, A., Panitz, C., Horneck, G., Burfeindt, J., Molter, F., Jaramillo, E., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550414000202 · Cited by 87
“An exposure facility as EXPOSE-R, accommodated on a space vehicle such as ISS where the return of the samples is possible, provides an ideal environment for a controlled and long-term exposure of passive experiments, complementing the recent short-term astrobiological experiments on free-flying vehicles such as BIOPAN…”
Self-citationDNA Protection Protein, a Novel Mechanism of Radiation Tolerance: Lessons from Tardigrades
Hashimoto, T., & Kunieda, T. (2017) · Life · doi:10.3390/life7020026 · Cited by 89
“Furthermore, tardigrades are the first animals to have revived after exposure to outer space for 10 days [17].”
BackgroundTakaku, Y., Suzuki, H., Ohta, I., Ishii, D., Muranaka, Y., Shimomura, M., & Hariyama, T. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1221341110 · Cited by 82
“It has been known that under lowvacuum conditions (10 to 10 Pa) some organisms can be observed by SEM without any pretreatments (13, 14), and although outer space is the most demanding high-vacuum environment (15), it has been known that cryptobiotic organisms, such as tardigrades (16) and larvae of Polypedilum vander…”
BackgroundCottin, H., Kotler, J. M., Billi, D., Cockell, C. S., Demets, R., Ehrenfreund, P., Elsaesser, A., d’Hendecourt, L., van Loon, J. J. W. A., Martins, Z., et al. (2017) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-017-0365-5 · Cited by 87
“Examples of organisms exposed in space (Table 6) are (i) bacteria—Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Deinococcus radiodurans, Synechococcus sp., Chroococcidiopsis sp., Anabaena cylindrica, Nostoc commune, Gloeocapsa sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; (ii) archaea—Haloarcula sp., Halococcus domb…”
InfluentialSelf-citationAn upgraded comprehensive multilocus phylogeny of the Tardigrada tree of life
Guil, N., Jørgensen, A., & Kristensen, R. M. (2018) · Zoologica Scripta · doi:10.1111/zsc.12321 · Cited by 83
Cortese, F., Klokov, D., Osipov, A., Stefaniak, J., Moskalev, A., Schastnaya, J., Cantor, C., Aliper, A., Mamoshina, P., Ushakov, I., et al. (2018) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.24461 · Cited by 83
“Tardigrades, for instance, are not only remarkably resistance to the damaging effects of irradiation [14, 256]; but much more remarkably have been shown to survive direct exposure to space in low Earth orbit [257].”
BackgroundRadiation Tolerance in Tardigrades: Current Knowledge and Potential Applications in Medicine
Jonsson, K. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11091333 · Cited by 79
“No eggs hatched when exposed to these factors simultaneously, while exposure to space vacuum + cosmic radiation had no significant effect on hatchability [37].”
BackgroundInfluentialProtecting activity of desiccated enzymes
Piszkiewicz, S., Gunn, K. H., Warmuth, O. A., Propst, A., Mehta, A., Nguyen, K., Kuhlman, E., Guseman, A. J., Stadmiller, S. S., Boothby, T. C., et al. (2019) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.3604 · Cited by 75
Raggio, J., Pintado, A., Ascaso, C., de la Torre, R., Rı́os, A. D. L., Wierzchoś, J., Horneck, G., & Sancho, L. G. (2011) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0588 · Cited by 76
“…vacuum was observed in previous spaceflight experiments for the lichens Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC and Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. (Sancho et al., 2007, 2008), for tardigrades (Jo¨nsson et al., 2008), as well as for spores of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis (reviewed in Horneck et al., 2010).”
Guidetti, R., Rizzo, A. M., Altiero, T., & Rebecchi, L. (2012) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.05.021 · Cited by 73
Ultraviolet radiation tolerance in hydrated and desiccated eutardigrades
Altiero, T., Guidetti, R., Caselli, V., Cesari, M., & Rebecchi, L. (2011) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00607.x · Cited by 70
Schokraie, E., Hotz‐Wagenblatt, A., Warnken, U. H., Mali, B., Frohme, M., Förster, F., Dandekar, T., Hengherr, S., Schill, R. O., & Schnölzer, M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009502 · Cited by 74
“. Interestingly, tardigrades are even able to survive space vacuum (imposing extreme desiccation) and some specimens have even recovered after combined exposure to space vacuum and solar radiation”
BackgroundSelf-citationSurvival and DNA degradation in anhydrobiotic tardigrades
Rebecchi, L., Cesari, M., Altiero, T., Frigieri, A., & Guidetti, R. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.033266 · Cited by 77
“The survival of desiccated tardigrades under atmospheric oxygen conditions can be long (nine years) but seems not to exceed 20 years (Baumann, 1927; Guidetti and Jönsson, 2002; Rebecchi et al., 2006; Jørgensen et al., 2007).”
BackgroundExamples of Extreme Survival: Tardigrade Genomics and Molecular Anhydrobiology
Arakawa, K. (2022) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083711 · Cited by 75
Hengherr, S., WORLAND, M. R., Reuner, A., Brümmer, F., & Schill, R. O. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.025973 · Cited by 73
“…and rotifers show extraordinary tolerance of physical extremes including high and subzero temperatures, ionizing radiation, alcohols and high pressure (Horikawa et al., 2006; Jönsson et al., 2008; Jönsson and Schill, 2007; Ramløv and Westh, 2001; Rebecchi et al., 2007; Seki and Toyoshima, 1998).”
BackgroundSelf-citationResponses of invertebrates to temperature and water stress: A polar perspective
Everatt, M. J., Convey, P., Bale, J. S., WORLAND, M. R., & Hayward, S. A. L. (2014) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.05.004 · Cited by 72
Halberg, K. A., Jørgensen, A., & Møbjerg, N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085091 · Cited by 71
Förster, F., Liang, C., Shkumatov, A. V., Beißer, D., Engelmann, J. C., Schnölzer, M., Frohme, M., Müller, T., Schill, R. O., & Dandekar, T. (2009) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-469 · Cited by 70
“The resulting cDNA was amplified following the manufacturers protocol and cloned into pDNR-Lib cloning vector.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationBeltrán-Pardo, E., Jonsson, K., Harms‐Ringdahl, M., Haghdoost, S., & Wójcik, A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133658 · Cited by 70
“These studies include both low-LET radiation (X-rays, [2]; gamma rays, [3,4]), high-LET radiation (alpha particles, [4]; protons, [5]), UV radiation [6,7], and combinations of cosmic and UV radiation under space conditions [8].”
Self-citationGenome sequencing of a single tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini individual
Arakawa, K., Yoshida, Y., & Tomita, M. (2016) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.63 · Cited by 70
Wang, C., Grohme, M. A., Mali, B., Schill, R. O., & Frohme, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092663 · Cited by 69
“induced by desiccation [4].”
Self-citationSchill, R. O., Mali, B., Dandekar, T., Schnölzer, M., Reuter, D., & Frohme, M. (2009) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.01.011 · Cited by 69
Self-citationHygum, T. L., Fobian, D., Kamilari, M., Jørgensen, A., Schiøtt, M., Grosell, M., & Møbjerg, N. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00095 · Cited by 69
“…of radiation, extreme hydrostatic, and osmotic pressures, very low sub-zero temperatures as well as space conditions (e.g., Rebecchi et al., 2007; Jönsson et al., 2008; Hengherr et al., 2009; Guidetti et al., 2011; Møbjerg et al., 2011; Persson et al., 2011; Welnicz et al., 2011; Clausen et al.,…”
BackgroundDNA Damage Responses during the Cell Cycle: Insights from Model Organisms and Beyond
Clay, D. E., & Fox, D. T. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12121882 · Cited by 77
Tanaka, A., Nakano, T., Watanabe, K., Masuda, K., Honda, G., Kamata, S., Yasui, R., Kozuka‐Hata, H., WATANABE, C., Chinen, T., et al. (2022) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001780 · Cited by 71
“Dehydrated tardigrades are exceptionally stable and can withstand various physically extreme environments including exposure to space [3,4].”
BackgroundCause of Cambrian Explosion - Terrestrial or Cosmic?
Steele, E. J., Al-Mufti, S., Augustyn, K. A., Chandrajith, R., Coghlan, J. P., Coulson, S. G., Ghosh, S., Gillman, M., Gorczynski, R. M., Klyce, B., et al. (2018) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.03.004 · Cited by 65
Billi, D., Viaggiu, E., Cockell, C. S., Rabbow, E., Horneck, G., & Onofri, S. (2011) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2009.0430 · Cited by 65
“Bacterial spores, lichens, and tardigrades display a certain degree of survival after exposure to space, although the mechanisms behind the tolerance have not yet been explained (Horneck, 1993; Sancho et al., 2007; Jo¨nsson et al., 2008; Rebecchi et al., 2009; de la Torre et al., 2010).”
Self-citationMali, B., Grohme, M. A., Förster, F., Dandekar, T., Schnölzer, M., Reuter, D., Wełnicz, W., Schill, R. O., & Frohme, M. (2010) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-168 · Cited by 59
“We are studying anhydrobiosis in the limno-terrestrial tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum Doyère 1840 which shows remarkable resistance to adverse environmental conditions in all stages of life [17] - even to extreme levels of ionizing radiation [18] and the vacuum of space in low earth orbit [19].”
BackgroundSelf-citationStress response in tardigrades: differential gene expression of molecular chaperones
Reuner, A., Hengherr, S., Mali, B., Förster, F., Arndt, D., Reinhardt, R., Dandekar, T., Frohme, M., Brümmer, F., & Schill, R. O. (2009) · Cell Stress and Chaperones · doi:10.1007/s12192-009-0158-1 · Cited by 57
“2009), high pressure (Seki and Toyoshima 1998), vacuum and ionising irradiation (Horikawa et al. 2006; J?nsson et al. 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRNA interference can be used to disrupt gene function in tardigrades
Tenlen, J. R., McCaskill, S., & Goldstein, B. (2012) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-012-0432-6 · Cited by 55
“Other tardigrade species were the first multicellular organisms to survive exposure to outer space (Jönsson et al. 2008; Rebecchi et al. 2009).”
BackgroundLichens, new and promising material from experiments in astrobiology
Sancho, L., de la Torre, R., & Pintado, A. (2008) · Fungal Biology Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2008.12.001 · Cited by 52
Förster, F., Beißer, D., Grohme, M. A., Liang, C., Mali, B., Siegl, A., Engelmann, J. C., Shkumatov, A. V., Schokraie, E., Müller, T., et al. (2012) · Bioinformatics and Biology Insights · doi:10.4137/bbi.s9150 · Cited by 54
Self-citationPolyextremophiles and the Constraints for Terrestrial Habitability
Capece, M. C., Clark, E. B., Saleh, J. K., Halford, D., Heinl, N., Hoskins, S., & Rothschild, L. J. (2013) · Cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6488-0_1 · Cited by 53
Rebecchi, L., Boschetti, C., & Nelson, D. R. (2019) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-019-04144-6 · Cited by 51
Guil, N., & Sánchez‐Moreno, S. (2013) · Systematics and Biodiversity · doi:10.1080/14772000.2013.798370 · Cited by 50
Neves, R. C., Hvidepil, L. K. B., Hygum, T. L., Stuart, R. M., & Møbjerg, N. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56965-z · Cited by 50
Evidence of avian-mediated long distance dispersal in American tardigrades
Mogle, M. J., Kimball, S. A., Miller, W. R., & McKown, R. D. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.5035 · Cited by 45
“For example, Kaczmarek et al. (2016) suggested that current tardigrade distribution and diversity does not support the Great American Biodiversity Interchange (GABI) hypothesis.”
BackgroundA computational structural study on the DNA-protecting role of the tardigrade-unique Dsup protein
Mínguez-Toral, M., Cuevas-Zuviría, B., Garrido‐Arandia, M., & Pacios, L. F. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70431-1 · Cited by 45
Mechanisms and evolution of resistance to environmental extremes in animals
Boothby, T. C. (2019) · EvoDevo · doi:10.1186/s13227-019-0143-4 · Cited by 48
“Tardigrades are a group of microscopic animals renowned for their ability to survive a number of environmental extremes including desiccation [38], freezing [39], intense radiation [40], extreme pressures [41], and temperatures up for 151 °C [42].”
BackgroundMurai, Y., Yagi‐Utsumi, M., Fujiwara, M., Tanaka, S., Tomita, M., Kato, K., & Arakawa, K. (2021) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-021-08131-x · Cited by 48
“ments, such as high and low temperatures [4, 5], space vacuum [6], high pressure [7], and high concentrations of”
BackgroundGiovannini, I., Boothby, T. C., Cesari, M., Goldstein, B., Guidetti, R., & Rebecchi, L. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05734-6 · Cited by 45
Mancinelli, R. L. (2014) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s147355041400055x · Cited by 44
“Desiccation tolerance has been reported for a variety of organisms including bacteria, yeast, lichenized fungi, plants, insects and crustaceans (e.g. Clegg 1986; Csonka &Hanson 1991; Crowe et al. 1992 reviewed in Potts 1994; Jönsson et al. 2008; de la Torre et al. 2010; Tepfer et al. 2012).”
BackgroundThe Resilience of Life to Astrophysical Events
Sloan, D., Batista, R. A., & Loeb, A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05796-x · Cited by 42
“They withstand pressures from virtually 0 atm in space[9] up to 1200 atm at the bottom of the Marianas Trench[10].”
BackgroundSchokraie, E., Warnken, U. H., Hotz‐Wagenblatt, A., Grohme, M. A., Hengherr, S., Förster, F., Schill, R. O., Frohme, M., Dandekar, T., & Schnölzer, M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045682 · Cited by 42
“Tardigrades have been in focus in the last decades because of their amazing capability to undergo anhydrobiosis and survive physical extremes including high and subzero temperatures [3,4,5,6], high pressure [5,7] and extreme levels of ionizing radiation [8,9,10].”
BackgroundSelf-citationDry up and survive: the role of antioxidant defences in anhydrobiotic organisms
Rebecchi, L. (2013) · Journal of Limnology · doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s1.e8 · Cited by 41
“…and Battista, 1996; Billi et al., 2000; Rebecchi et al., 2007, 2009a, 2011; Watanabe et al., 2007; Gladyshev and Meselson, 2008; Hengherr et al., 2009a, b; Horikawa et al., 2009; Jönsson et al., 2008; Gusev et No n c om me rci al us e o nly al., 2010; Nilsson et al., 2010; Altiero et al., 2011).”
BackgroundStec, D., Krzywański, Ł., Arakawa, K., & Michalczyk, Ł. (2020) · Zoological Letters · doi:10.1186/s40851-020-0154-y · Cited by 43
Tepfer, D. A., Zalar, A., & Leach, S. (2012) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0744 · Cited by 41
Cyanobacteria from Extreme Deserts to Space
Billi, D., Baqué, M., Smith, H. D., & McKay, C. P. (2013) · Advances in Microbiology · doi:10.4236/aim.2013.36a010 · Cited by 39
“during BIOPAN missions [8,9], while 1.”
Meyer, C., Fritz, J., Misgaiski, M., Stöffler, D., Artemieva, N. A., HORNEMANN, U., Moeller, R., Vera, J.-P. P. D., Cockell, C. S., Horneck, G., et al. (2011) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01184.x · Cited by 39
“…space experiments showed that microorganisms and desiccation ⁄ radiation tolerant organisms can survive for certain periods in space as long as they are shielded against the harmful solar UV radiation and cosmic radiation (e.g., Horneck et al. 1994; Mileikowsky et al. 2000; Jönsson et al. 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRebecchi, L., Altiero, T., Cesari, M., Bertolani, R., Rizzo, A. M., Corsetto, P. A., & Guidetti, R. (2011) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00606.x · Cited by 39
“experiment (TARDIS project; Jönsson et al. 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialParadoxes and wonders of intrinsic disorder: Stability of instability
Uversky, V. N. (2017) · Intrinsically Disordered Proteins · doi:10.1080/21690707.2017.1327757 · Cited by 39
“uum and solar radiation of outer space for 10 full days).(195) They also can remain in the dehydrated state”
BackgroundEvolution of DNA Methylation Across Ecdysozoa
Engelhardt, J., Scheer, O., Stadler, P. F., & Prohaska, S. J. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-021-10042-0 · Cited by 40
“Tardigrada, commonly known as water bears, gained some interest because they can survive in very harsh conditions, such as extreme temperature, radiation, pressure, dehydration and even in outer space (Jönsson et al. 2008).”
BackgroundEvaluation of deep space exploration risks and mitigations against radiation and microgravity
Dobney, W., Mols, L., Mistry, D., Tabury, K., Baselet, B., & Baatout, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.3389/fnume.2023.1225034 · Cited by 74
Tolerance to Gamma Radiation in the Marine Heterotardigrade, Echiniscoides sigismundi
Jonsson, K., Hygum, T. L., Andersen, K. N., Clausen, L. K. B., & Møbjerg, N. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168884 · Cited by 38
“Tardigrades are also the only animals so far that have survived the combined exposure to cosmic radiation, UV radiation and vacuum under real space conditions [11].”
BackgroundKamada, Y., Wakayama, S., Shibasaki, I., Ito, D., Kamimura, S., Ooga, M., & Wakayama, T. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28896-8 · Cited by 38
Tardigrades exhibit robust interlimb coordination across walking speeds and terrains
Nirody, J. A., Duran, L. A., Johnston, D., & Cohen, D. J. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2107289118 · Cited by 37
Tolerance of Anhydrobiotic Eggs of the Tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus to Extreme Environments
Horikawa, D. D., Yamaguchi, A., Sakashita, T., Tanaka, D., Hamada, N., Yukuhiro, F., Kuwahara, H., Kunieda, T., Watanabe, M., Nakahara, Y., et al. (2012) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2011.0669 · Cited by 35
Beltrán-Pardo, E., Jonsson, K., Wójcik, A., Haghdoost, S., Harms‐Ringdahl, M., Bermúdez‐Cruz, R. M., & Bernal, J. E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072098 · Cited by 36
“Exposure of tardigrade eggs (Milnesium tardigradum, Richtersius coronifer) to space conditions (UV and cosmic radiation, vacuum) led to complete mortality, but when eggs were sheltered from UV radiation, hatchability was not affected [16].”
BackgroundSelf-citationVecchi, M., Newton, I. L. G., Cesari, M., Rebecchi, L., & Guidetti, R. (2018) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-017-1134-4 · Cited by 39
Stabilizing Enzymes within Polymersomes by Coencapsulation of Trehalose
Dinu, M. V., Dinu, I. A., Saxer, S., Meier, W. P., Pieles, U., & Bruns, N. (2020) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00824 · Cited by 36
Cellular Responses of the Lichen Circinaria gyrosa in Mars-Like Conditions
Noetzel, R. D. L. T., Miller, A. Z., Arranz, J. M. D. L. R., Pacelli, C., Onofri, S., Sancho, L. G., Cubero, B., Lorek, A., Wolter, D., & de Vera, J. P. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00308 · Cited by 35
“…the lichens Rhizocarpon geographicum, Xanthoria elegans (Sancho et al., 2007), and Circinaria gyrosa (De la Torre et al., 2010), and adults and eggs of the tardigrades Richtersius coronifer and Milnesium tardigradum (Jönsson et al., 2008) turned out to be the most resistant to these conditions.”
BackgroundTolerance of the freeze-dried mouse sperm nucleus to temperatures ranging from −196 °C to 150 °C
Wakayama, S., Ito, D., Kamada, Y., Yonemura, S., Ooga, M., Kishigami, S., & Wakayama, T. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42062-8 · Cited by 35
Ott, E., Kawaguchi, Y., Gutmann-Özgen, N., Yamagishi, A., Rabbow, E., Rettberg, P., Weckwerth, W., & Milojević, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00909 · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Jönsson, K. I., Rabbow, E., Schill, R. O., Harms-Ringdahl, M., & Rettberg, P.
- Affiliations
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- University of Stuttgart (DE)
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- R729-R731
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2106102828
- Cited by
- 415
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 17.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- elib (German Aerospace Center) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Space Agency
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Crafoordska Stiftelsen
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Tardigrade Biology and Ecology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Keywords
- tardigrades, low Earth orbit, solar radiation, galactic cosmic rays, desiccation tolerance, anhydrobiosis, radioresistance (biology), space biology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cosmic Radiation, Extraterrestrial Environment, Invertebrates, Ovum, Space Flight, Survival, Ultraviolet Rays, Vacuum, Earth, Planet
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