Cited by 233Extracellular vesicles in diseaseGenetic and Kidney Cyst DiseasesCellular transport and secretion

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The Cilium Secretes Bioactive Ectosomes

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Wood, Christopher R., Huang, Kaiyao, Diener, Dennis R., Rosenbaum, Joel L.·2013·Current Biology

DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.019PMC PMC3850760

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Abstract

The release of membrane vesicles from the surface of cells into their surrounding environment is now recognized as an important pathway for the delivery of proteins to extracellular sites of biological function. Membrane vesicles of this kind, termed exosomes and ectosomes, are the result of active processes and have been shown to carry a wide array of biological effector molecules that can play roles in cell-to-cell communication and remodeling of the extracellular space. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through the regulated release of proteolytic enzymes is a key process for development, morphogenesis, and cell migration in animal and plant cells. Here we show that the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas achieves the timely degradation of its mother cell wall, a type of ECM, through the budding of ectosomes directly from the membranes of its flagella. Using a combination of immunoelectron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, and functional analysis, we demonstrate that these vesicles, which we term ciliary ectosomes, act as carriers of the proteolytic enzyme necessary for the liberation of daughter cells following mitosis. Chlamydomonas has proven to be the key unicellular model for the highly conserved mechanisms of mammalian cilia, and our results suggest that cilia may be an underappreciated source of bioactive, extracellular membrane vesicles.

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Authors: Wood, C. R., Huang, K., Diener, D. R., & Rosenbaum, J. L.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Rosenbaum, Joel L.
ORCID: Huang, Kaiyao
Diener, Dennis R.
Venue: Current Biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-05
Volume: 23
Issue: 10
Pages: 906-911
ISSN: 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.019
PMC: PMC3850760
OpenAlex: W2035252153
Cited by: 233
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 8
FWCI: 8.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 384 d)
Locations: Current Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM014642, GM014642)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
Keywords: cilia, membrane vesicles, exosomes, Chlamydomonas, cell wall degradation, extracellular matrix degradation, proteolytic enzymes, flagella, mitosis, cell division, vesicle budding, cell-to-cell communication
MeSH terms: Chlamydomonas, Cilia, Extracellular Matrix, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Peptide Hydrolases, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Cell-Derived Microparticles, Proteolysis

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