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Cited by 20Plant Molecular Biology ResearchPolysaccharides and Plant Cell WallsPlant Reproductive Biology

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A RALF-brassinosteroid signaling circuit regulates Arabidopsis hypocotyl cell shape

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Biermann, David, von Arx, Michelle, Munzert-Eberlein, Kristina S., Xhelilaj, Kaltra, Séré, David, Stegmann, Martin, Vert, Grégory, Wolf, Sebastian, Engelsdorf, Timo, Zipfel, Cyril, Gronnier, Julien·2025·Current Biology
DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.016

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Abstract

Plant cells survey and modulate their cell walls to control their shape and anisotropic growth. Signaling mediated by the plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BR) plays a central role in coordinating cell wall status and cell growth, and alterations in the cell wall-BR feedback loop leads to life-threatening defects in tissue and cellular integrity. How the status of the cell wall is relayed to BR signaling remains largely unclear. Increasing evidence shows that RAPID ALKALANIZATION FACTORs (RALFs), a class of secreted peptides, play structural and signaling roles at the cell surface. Here, we show that loss of RALF signaling mediated by the plasma membrane-localized RALF receptor complex FERONIA (FER)-LORELEI-LIKE GPI-anchor protein 1 (LLG1) leads to defects in cell morphology, organization, and composition of the cell wall-including pectin methylation status-and to an increase in BR signaling. We observed that increase in BR signaling mitigates the cellular defects associated with the loss of FER-mediated RALF signaling. We show that perception of RALF23 promotes the formation and signaling activity of the main BR receptor complex formed by BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1) and that its bioactivity relies on pectin status. Our observations suggest a model in which RALF peptides operate at the nexus between cell wall status and BR signaling, capable of inducing changes in the cell wall as well as functioning as a cell-wall-informed signaling cues initiating a feedback loop that solicits BR signaling and coordinates cell morphogenesis.

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Metadata

Authors
Biermann, D., von Arx, M., Munzert-Eberlein, K. S., Xhelilaj, K., Séré, D., Stegmann, M., Vert, G., Wolf, S., Engelsdorf, T., Zipfel, C., & Gronnier, J.
Affiliations
  • Technical University of Munich (DE)
  • University of Zurich (CH)
  • University of Tübingen (DE)
  • University of East Anglia (GB)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
Corresponding author
  • Zipfel, Cyril
  • Gronnier, Julien
ORCID
Venue
Current Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2025-10
Volume
35
Issue
20
Pages
5002-5017.e5
ISSN
0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.016
OpenAlex
W4414573405
Cited by
20
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 7
FWCI
10.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Current Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen
Funders
  • European Research Council (309858, 773153)
  • European Molecular Biology Organization (LTF 438-2018)
  • University of Zurich
  • German Research Foundation (B01-TRR356, A08-SFB1101, STE 2448/1)
  • Gatsby Charitable Foundation
  • Technical University of Munich
  • Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant Reproductive Biology
Keywords
RALF peptides, brassinosteroid signaling, FERONIA, BRI1, BAK1, cell wall, pectin methylation, cell morphogenesis, Arabidopsis thaliana, plasma membrane signaling
MeSH terms
Cell Wall, Signal Transduction, Arabidopsis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Hypocotyl, Arabidopsis Proteins, Cell Shape, Brassinosteroids

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