Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)
Open accessAbstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is the most pleiotropic member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines. It utilises a receptor that consists of the LIF receptor β and gp130 and this receptor complex is also used by ciliary neurotrophic growth factor (CNTF), oncostatin M, cardiotrophin1 (CT1) and cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC). Despite common signal transduction mechanisms (JAK/STAT, MAPK and PI3K) LIF can have paradoxically opposite effects in different cell types including stimulating or inhibiting each of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. While LIF can act on a wide range of cell types, LIF knockout mice have revealed that many of these actions are not apparent during ordinary development and that they may be the result of induced LIF expression during tissue damage or injury. Nevertheless LIF does appear to have non-redundant actions in maternal receptivity to blastocyst implantation, placental formation and in the development of the nervous system. LIF has also found practical use in the maintenance of self-renewal and totipotency of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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There is an overall reduced level of LIF in THS-exposed mouse wounds.
“Furthermore, we show that there is an overall reduced level of the interleukin 6 class protein LIF; this cytokine is critical for monocyte maturation into macrophage and for proper formation of the granulation tissue [64].”
From Tobacco toxins deposited on surfaces (third hand smoke) impair wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [64]
The paper identifies LIF as an interleukin-6-family cytokine, but its ‘The hemopoietic system’ and ‘Summary and outlook’ sections do not establish that LIF is critical for monocyte-to-macrophage maturation or granulation-tissue formation; the summary says LIF has few effects on myeloid cells. The reduced LIF level in THS-exposed wounds is presented as the citing authors’ own finding (‘we show’), not as a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLIF is critical for monocyte maturation into macrophage and for proper formation of granulation tissue.
“Furthermore, we show that there is an overall reduced level of the interleukin 6 class protein LIF; this cytokine is critical for monocyte maturation into macrophage and for proper formation of the granulation tissue [64].”
From Tobacco toxins deposited on surfaces (third hand smoke) impair wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [64]
The hemopoietic-system section discusses LIF’s limited effects on blood-forming cells but does not address monocyte maturation into macrophages. The neuromuscular-system section describes muscle regeneration after injury, not granulation-tissue formation. Searches for monocyte-to-macrophage maturation and granulation tissue found no passage supporting either attributed role. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Cites
Takahashi, K., & Yamanaka, S. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024 · Cited by 26,673 · see citing works
Darnell, J. E., Kerr, L. M., & Stark, G. R. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8197455 · Cited by 6,080 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The STAT proteins are a family of transcription factors that are usually present in an inactive state in the cytoplasm [39].”
BackgroundThe ground state of embryonic stem cell self-renewal
Ying, Q.-L., Wray, J., Nichols, J., Batlle-Morera, L., Doble, B., Woodgett, J., Cohen, P., & Smith, A. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06968 · Cited by 3,442 · see citing works
Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regulation
HEINRICH, P. C., BEHRMANN, I., HAAN, S., HERMANNS, H. M., MÜLLER-NEWEN, G., & SCHAPER, F. (2003) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20030407 · Cited by 3,272 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The contributions, both quantitatively and qualitatively, of the JAK/ STAT, MAP-kinase and PI(3) kinase [35–37] pathways following LIF stimulation are often cell-type specific.”
BackgroundSchmitz, J., Weissenbach, M., Haan, S., Heinrich, P. C., & Schaper, F. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.17.12848 · Cited by 388 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Interestingly, the site on gp130 (and potentially LIFRβ) to which SOCS3 binds is the phosphotyrosine motif that usually recruits SHP2 (also known as PTNP11) to activate the MAP-kinase pathway (see below) [53].”
BackgroundKershaw, N. J., Murphy, J. M., Liau, N. P. D., Varghese, L. N., Laktyushin, A., Whitlock, E. L., Lucet, I. S., Nicola, N. A., & Babon, J. J. (2013) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb.2519 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citationSCHAPER, F., GENDO, C., ECK, M., SCHMITZ, J., GRIMM, C., ANHUF, D., KERR, I. M., & HEINRICH, P. C. (1998) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3350557 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Nicola, N. A., & Babon, J. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Nicola, Nicos A.
- Venue
- Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 533-544
- ISSN
- 1359-6101 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4581962
- OpenAlex
- W1824670638
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (461219, 1016647, 637300, 1078737)
- The Independent Research Institutes Infrastructure
- Australian Research Council (FT110100169)
- National Institutes of Health (RO1CA22556)
- State Government of Victoria
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Keywords
- leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-6 family cytokines, gp130, ciliary neurotrophic factor, oncostatin M, cardiotrophin-1, JAK/STAT signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K signaling, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell survival, embryo implantation, placental development, brain development, embryonic stem cell self-renewal, induced pluripotent stem cells, totipotency
- MeSH terms
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Animals, Blastocyst, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Embryo Implantation, Mice, Knockout, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, MAP Kinase Signaling System, STAT Transcription Factors, Cytokine Receptor gp130, Mice, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, Receptors, OSM-LIF, Janus Kinases
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