Girls' challenging social experiences in early adolescence predict neural response to rewards and depressive symptoms
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Developmental models of psychopathology posit that exposure to social stressors may confer risk for depression in adolescent girls by disrupting neural reward circuitry. The current study tested this hypothesis by examining the relationship between early adolescent social stressors and later neural reward processing and depressive symptoms. Participants were 120 girls from an ongoing longitudinal study of precursors to depression across adolescent development. Low parental warmth, peer victimization, and depressive symptoms were assessed when the girls were 11 and 12 years old, and participants completed a monetary reward guessing fMRI task and assessment of depressive symptoms at age 16. Results indicate that low parental warmth was associated with increased response to potential rewards in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), striatum, and amygdala, whereas peer victimization was associated with decreased response to potential rewards in the mPFC. Furthermore, concurrent depressive symptoms were associated with increased reward anticipation response in mPFC and striatal regions that were also associated with early adolescent psychosocial stressors, with mPFC and striatal response mediating the association between social stressors and depressive symptoms. These findings are consistent with developmental models that emphasize the adverse impact of early psychosocial stressors on neural reward processing and risk for depression in adolescence.
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Peer victimization in early adolescence is associated with decreased response in the mPFC to rewards in mid-adolescence.
“peer victimization in early adolescence (ages 11–12) was associated with decreased response in the mPFC to rewards in mid-adolescence (age 16).”
From Neural Activation to Parental Praise Interacts With Social Context to Predict Adolescent Depressive Symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as Casement et al., 2014
Low parental warmth in early adolescence is associated with increased activation to monetary rewards in the striatum, amygdala, and mPFC in mid-adolescence.
“low parental warmth in early adolescence (ages 11–12) was associated in mid-adolescence (age 16) with increased activation to monetary rewards in the striatum (including the nucleus accumbens and caudate), amygdala, and the mPFC.”
From Neural Activation to Parental Praise Interacts With Social Context to Predict Adolescent Depressive Symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as Casement et al., 2014
Increased activity in the striatum and mPFC to rewards mediated the relationship between low parental warmth and depressive symptoms at age 16.
“increased activity in the striatum and mPFC to rewards mediated the relationship between low parental warmth (ages 11–12) and depressive symptoms at age 16.”
From Neural Activation to Parental Praise Interacts With Social Context to Predict Adolescent Depressive Symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as Casement et al., 2014
Casement et al. (2014) found that higher activity in a striatal region that included the caudate to reward anticipation (age 16) mediated the link between low parental warmth (ages 11-12) and higher depressive symptoms (age 16) in a sample of adolescent girls.
“Casement et al. (2014) found that higher activity in a striatal region that included the caudate to reward anticipation (age 16) mediated the link between low parental warmth (ages 11–12) and higher depressive symptoms (age 16) in a sample of adolescent girls.”
From Neural Activation to Parental Praise Interacts With Social Context to Predict Adolescent Depressive Symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as Casement et al., 2014
Adolescent girls with low early-adolescent maternal warmth show a similar increase in striatal activation during reward anticipation, and that increase is linked to more depressive symptoms.
“A similar association was found for adolescent females with low maternal warmth in early adolescence, although increased activity was associated with increased depressive symptoms (Casement et al., 2014).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Casement et al., 2014
Peer victimization and low parental warmth in early adolescence (ages 11-12) were both associated with aberrant neural response to reward cues in mid-adolescence (age 16), but only neural response associated with low parental warmth was linked to depression.
“Casement et al. (2014) found that peer victimization and low parental warmth in early adolescence (ages 11–12) were both associated with aberrant neural response to reward cues in mid-adolescence (age 16), but that only neural response associated with low parental warmth was linked to depression.”
From Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context (2016) · cites this paper as Casement et al., 2014
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References 54 · Cited by 133
- Authors
- Casement, M. D., Guyer, A. E., Hipwell, A. E., McAloon, R. L., Hoffmann, A. M., Keenan, K. E., & Forbes, E. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Forbes, Erika E.
- Venue
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 18-27
- ISSN
- 1878-9293 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3960334
- OpenAlex
- W2004246188
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 7.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- R01-MH093605
- R01-MH66167
- R01-MH56630
- R01-HD067185
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- adolescent depression, social stressors, reward processing, parental warmth, peer victimization, medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, reward anticipation, early adolescence, psychosocial stress
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Amygdala, Child, Depression, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Psychological, Peer Group, Reward, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological, Parenting, Neostriatum, Prefrontal Cortex, Adolescent Development
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