Applications of capacitive deionization: Desalination, softening, selective removal, and energy efficiency

Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review

Fu, F., & Wang, Q. (2011) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.011 · Cited by 8,703

Microbial Fuel Cells: Methodology and Technology

Logan, B. E., Hamelers, H. V. M., Rozendal, R. A., Schröder, U., Keller, J., Freguia, S., Aelterman, P., Verstraete, W., & Rabaey, K. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0605016 · Cited by 6,095

Carbon materials for the electrochemical storage of energy in capacitors

Frąckowiak, E., & Béguin, F. (2001) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00183-4 · Cited by 4,529

Controlling Eutrophication: Nitrogen and Phosphorus

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Review on the science and technology of water desalination by capacitive deionization

Porada, S., Zhao, R., van der Wal, A., Presser, V., & Biesheuvel, P. M. (2013) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.03.005 · Cited by 2,188

A review of water treatment membrane nanotechnologies

Pendergast, M. M., & Hoek, E. M. V. (2011) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c0ee00541j · Cited by 2,109

Water desalination via capacitive deionization: what is it and what can we expect from it?

Suss, M. E., Porada, S., Sun, X., Biesheuvel, P. M., Yoon, J., & Presser, V. (2015) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c5ee00519a · Cited by 1,743

A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: A promising technology for wastewater treatment and bioenergy

Du, Z., Li, H., & Gu, T. (2007) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.05.004 · Cited by 1,707

Capacitive Deionization as an Electrochemical Means of Saving Energy and Delivering Clean Water. Comparison to Present Desalination Practices: Will It Compete?

Anderson, M. A., Cudero, A. L., & Palma, J. (2010) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.012 · Cited by 943

Towards global phosphorus security: A systems framework for phosphorus recovery and reuse options

Cordell, D., Rosemarin, A. S., Schröder, J. J., & Smit, A. L. (2011) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.032 · Cited by 920

Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications

Asano, T. (2007) · Cited by 876

A New Method for Water Desalination Using Microbial Desalination Cells

Cao, X., Huang, X., Liang, P., Xiao, K., Zhou, Y., Zhang, X., & Logan, B. E. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es901950j · Cited by 836

Faradaic reactions in capacitive deionization (CDI) - problems and possibilities: A review

Zhang, C., He, D., Ma, J., Tang, W., & Waite, T. D. (2017) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.024 · Cited by 781

Desalination via a New Membrane Capacitive Deionization Process Utilizing Flow-Electrodes

Jeon, S.-I., Park, H.-R., Yeo, J.-G., Yang, S., Cho, C. H., Han, M. H., & Kim, D. K. (2013) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c3ee24443a · Cited by 727

Salinity-gradient power: Evaluation of pressure-retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis

Post, J. W., Veerman, J. A., Hamelers, H. V. M., Euverink, G. J. W., Metz, S. J., Nymeijer, K., & Buisman, C. J. N. (2006) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2006.11.018 · Cited by 619

Treatment of brackish produced water using carbon aerogel-based capacitive deionization technology

Xu, P., Drewes, J. E., Heil, D., & Wang, G. (2008) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.01.011 · Cited by 596

Application of Capacitive Deionisation in water desalination: A review

AlMarzooqi, F. A., Ghaferi, A. A. A., Saadat, I., & Hilal, N. (2014) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.02.031 · Cited by 527

Energy consumption and constant current operation in membrane capacitive deionization

Zhao, R., Biesheuvel, P. M., & van der Wal, A. (2012) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c2ee21737f · Cited by 526

Desalination of a thermal power plant wastewater by membrane capacitive deionization

Lee, J.-B., Park, K.-K., Eum, H.-M., & Lee, C. (2006) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.01.011 · Cited by 522

Investigation on removal of hardness ions by capacitive deionization (CDI) for water softening applications

Seo, S., Jeon, H., Lee, J. K., Kim, G.-Y., Park, D., Nojima, H., Lee, J., & Moon, S. (2009) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.020 · Cited by 452

Water Desalination Using Capacitive Deionization with Microporous Carbon Electrodes

Porada, S., Weinstein, L., Dash, R., van der Wal, A., Bryjak, M., Gogotsi, Y. G., & Biesheuvel, P. M. (2012) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am201683j · Cited by 449

A review of phosphorus recovery methods at various steps of wastewater treatment and sewage sludge management. The concept of “no solid waste generation” and analytical methods

Cieślik, B. M., & Konieczka, P. (2016) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.116 · Cited by 410

Electrodialysis-based Separation Technologies: A Critical Review

Xu, T., & Huang, C. (2008) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.11643 · Cited by 402

Mesoporous Carbon for Capacitive Deionization of Saline Water

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Review on carbon-based composite materials for capacitive deionization

Liu, Y., Nie, C., Liu, X., Xu, X., Sun, Z., & Pan, L. (2015) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c4ra14447c · Cited by 395

Energy Consumption in Membrane Capacitive Deionization for Different Water Recoveries and Flow Rates, and Comparison with Reverse Osmosis

Zhao, R., Porada, S., Biesheuvel, P. M., & van der Wal, A. (2013) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2013.08.017 · Cited by 383

Desalting by Means of Porous Carbon Electrodes

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A short review on reverse osmosis pretreatment technologies

Jamaly, S., Darwish, N., Ahmed, I., & Hasan, S. W. (2014) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.017 · Cited by 380

Energy Recovery in Membrane Capacitive Deionization

Długołęcki, P., & van der Wal, A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es3053202 · Cited by 344

A comparative study of electrosorption selectivity of ions by activated carbon electrodes in capacitive deionization

Hou, C., & Huang, C.-Y. (2013) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.029 · Cited by 326

Electrosorptive desalination by carbon nanotubes and nanofibres electrodes and ion-exchange membranes

Li, H., GAO, Y., Pan, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., & Sun, Z. (2008) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.09.026 · Cited by 325

Using microbial desalination cells to reduce water salinity prior to reverse osmosis

Mehanna, M., Saito, T., Yan, J., Hickner, M. A., Cao, X., Huang, X., & Logan, B. E. (2010) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c002307h · Cited by 322

Ion-exchange membrane capacitive deionization: A new strategy for brackish water desalination

Li, H., & Zou, L. Y. (2011) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.02.027 · Cited by 307

Carbon electrodes for capacitive technologies

Ratajczak, P., Suss, M. E., Kaasik, F., & Béguin, F. (2018) · Energy storage materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2018.04.031 · Cited by 300

Enhanced desalination efficiency in capacitive deionization with an ion-selective membrane

Kim, Y.-J., & Choi, J. (2009) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2009.10.026 · Cited by 293

Improvement of desalination efficiency in capacitive deionization using a carbon electrode coated with an ion-exchange polymer

Kim, Y.-J., & Choi, J. (2009) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.017 · Cited by 270

A comparative study on electrosorptive behavior of carbon nanotubes and graphene for capacitive deionization

Li, H., Pan, L., Lu, T., Zhan, Y., Nie, C., & Sun, Z. (2011) · Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.01.012 · Cited by 252

Fluoride and nitrate removal from brackish groundwaters by batch-mode capacitive deionization

Tang, W., Kovalsky, P., He, D., & Waite, T. D. (2015) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.012 · Cited by 231

A review on energy consumption of desalination processes

Ghalavand, Y., Hatamipour, M. S., & Rahimi, A. (2014) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1080/19443994.2014.892837 · Cited by 231

Individual and competitive removal of heavy metals using capacitive deionization

Huang, Z. Z., Lü, L., Cai, Z., & Ren, Z. J. (2015) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.064 · Cited by 219

Separation and recovery of heavy metal ions and salt ions from wastewater by 3D graphene-based asymmetric electrodes via capacitive deionization

Liu, P., Yan, T., Zhang, J., Shi, L., & Zhang, D. (2017) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c7ta03515b · Cited by 211

Capacitive deionization: Processes, materials and state of the technology

Ahmed, M. A., & Tewari, S. (2018) · Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.02.024 · Cited by 202

Selective removal of nitrate ion using a novel composite carbon electrode in capacitive deionization

Kim, Y.-J., & Choi, J. (2012) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.08.031 · Cited by 190

Electro-removal of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) from aqueous solutions by capacitive deionization

Fan, C.-S., Tseng, S. K., Li, K., & Hou, C. (2016) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.055 · Cited by 185

Ion storage and energy recovery of a flow-electrode capacitive deionization process

Jeon, S.-I., Yeo, J., Yang, S., Choi, J., & Kim, D. K. (2014) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c4ta00377b · Cited by 182

Performance comparison and energy consumption analysis of capacitive deionization and membrane capacitive deionization processes

Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, R., Wu, Y., Xu, S., & Wang, J. (2013) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2013.06.009 · Cited by 175

Electro-enhanced removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by capacitive deionization

Huang, S., Fan, C.-S., & Hou, C. (2014) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.074 · Cited by 172

Three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon with a bimodal pore arrangement for capacitive deionization

Wen, X., Zhang, D., Shi, L., Yan, T., Wang, H., & Zhang, J. (2012) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2jm35138b · Cited by 160

Coupling ion-exchangers with inexpensive activated carbon fiber electrodes to enhance the performance of capacitive deionization cells for domestic wastewater desalination

Liang, P., Yuan, L., Yang, X., Zhou, S.-J., & Huang, X. (2013) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.037 · Cited by 155

Sustainable desalination using a microbial capacitive desalination cell

Forrestal, C., Xu, P. Y., & Ren, Z. J. (2012) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c2ee21121a · Cited by 146

Electrosorption of Chromium Ions on Carbon Aerogel Electrodes as a Means of Remediating Ground Water

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Integration of nanofiltration and bipolar electrodialysis for valorization of seawater desalination brines: Production of drinking and waste water treatment chemicals

Reig, M., Casas, S., Gibert, O., Valderrama, C., & Cortina, J. L. (2016) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2015.12.013 · Cited by 136

Recent transitions in ultrapure water (UPW) technology: Rising role of reverse osmosis (RO)

Lee, H.-K., Jin, Y., & Hong, S. (2016) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2016.09.003 · Cited by 135

Carbon Aerogels for Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors

Pröbstle, H., Wiener, M., & Fricke, J. (2003) · Journal of Porous Materials · doi:10.1023/b:jopo.0000011381.74052.77 · Cited by 132

Study of fouling and scaling in capacitive deionisation by using dissolved organic and inorganic salts

Mossad, M., & Zou, L. Y. (2012) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.062 · Cited by 132

Enhanced desalination efficiency in modified membrane capacitive deionization by introducing ion-exchange polymers in carbon nanotubes electrodes

Liu, Y., Pan, L., Xu, X., Lu, T., Sun, Z., & Chua, D. H. C. (2014) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.086 · Cited by 132

A flexible cotton-derived carbon sponge for high-performance capacitive deionization

Li, G., Hou, P., Zhao, S., Liu, C., & Cheng, H. (2016) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.12.095 · Cited by 130

Electrosorption of anions with carbon nanotube and nanofibre composite film electrodes

Pan, L., Wang, X., Gao, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., & Sun, Z. (2009) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.019 · Cited by 129

The production of ultrapure water by membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) technology

Lee, J. H., & Choi, J. (2012) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2012.03.064 · Cited by 121

Capacitive deionization with Ca-alginate coated-carbon electrode for hardness control

Yoon, H., Lee, J., Kim, S.-R., Kang, J., Kim, S., Kim, C., & Yoon, J. (2016) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2016.03.019 · Cited by 121

Direct energy recovery system for membrane capacitive deionization

Kang, J., Kim, T., Shin, H., Lee, J., Ha, J.-I., & Yoon, J. (2016) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2016.07.025 · Cited by 120

Using capacitive deionisation for inland brackish groundwater desalination in a remote location

Mossad, M., Zhang, W., & Zou, L. Y. (2012) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.05.021 · Cited by 117

Desalination performance of a carbon-based composite electrode

Lee, J.-B., Park, K.-K., Yoon, S., Park, P.-Y., Park, K.-I., & Lee, C. (2009) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.058 · Cited by 112

Quality criteria for desalinated water following post-treatment

Lahav, O., & Birnhack, L. (2007) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.05.022 · Cited by 111

Desalination and disinfection of inland brackish ground water in a capacitive deionization cell using nanoporous activated carbon cloth electrodes

Laxman, K., Myint, M. T. Z., Al-Abri, M. Z., Sathe, P., Dobretsov, S., & Dutta, J. (2015) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2015.02.010 · Cited by 110

Shale gas produced water treatment using innovative microbial capacitive desalination cell

Stoll, Z. A., Forrestal, C., Ren, Z. J., & Xu, P. (2014) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.015 · Cited by 107

Relation between the Charge Efficiency of Activated Carbon Fiber and Its Desalination Performance

Huang, Z., Wang, M., Wang, L., & Kang, F. (2012) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la204690s · Cited by 107

Capacitive deionization coupled with microbial fuel cells to desalinate low-concentration salt water

Yuan, L., Yang, X., Liang, P., Wang, L., Huang, Z., Wei, J., & Huang, X. (2012) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.137 · Cited by 106

Capacitive deionization (CDI) integrated with monovalent cation selective membrane for producing divalent cation-rich solution

Choi, J.-M., Lee, H.-K., & Hong, S. (2016) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2016.09.016 · Cited by 105

Enhancement of nitrate removal from a solution of mixed nitrate, chloride and sulfate ions using a nitrate-selective carbon electrode

Yeo, J.-H., & Choi, J. (2013) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2013.04.013 · Cited by 101

Optimizing the Energy Efficiency of Capacitive Deionization Reactors Working under Real-World Conditions

García‐Quismondo, E., Santos, C., Lado, J. J., Palma, J., & Anderson, M. A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es4021603 · Cited by 101

A study of the long-term operation of capacitive deionisation in inland brackish water desalination

Zhang, W., Mossad, M., & Zou, L. Y. (2013) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2013.04.010 · Cited by 100

Developing Ion Electroadsorption Stereoselectivity, by Pore Size Adjustment with Chemical Vapor Deposition onto Active Carbon Fiber Electrodes. Case of Ca2+/Na+ Separation in Water Capacitive Desalination

Avraham, E., Bouhadana, Y., Soffer, A., & Aurbach, D. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp711706z · Cited by 94

Energetic performance optimization of a capacitive deionization system operating with transient cycles and brackish water

Demirer, O. N., Naylor, R. M., Perez, C. A. R., Wilkes, E., & HIDROVO, C. H. (2013) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2013.01.014 · Cited by 91

Removal of total dissolved solids, nitrates and ammonium ions from drinking water using charge-barrier capacitive deionisation

Broséus, R., Cigana, J. F., Barbeau, B., Daines-Martinez, C., & Suty, H. (2009) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.12.048 · Cited by 89

Natural Arsenic in Groundwaters of Latin America

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Application of electrodeionization (EDI) for removal of boron and silica from reverse osmosis (RO) permeate of geothermal water

Arar, Ö., Yüksel, Ü., Kabay, N., & Yüksel, M. (2012) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2012.10.001 · Cited by 83

Integrated pretreatment with capacitive deionization for reverse osmosis reject recovery from water reclamation plant

Lee, L. Y., Ng, H. Y., Ong, S. L., Tao, G., Kekre, K. A., Viswanath, B., Lay, W. C. L., & Seah, H. (2009) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.006 · Cited by 82

Water and chemical savings in cooling towers by using membrane capacitive deionization

van Limpt, B., & van der Wal, A. (2014) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2013.12.022 · Cited by 81

Application of capacitive deionization technology to the removal of sodium chloride from aqueous solutions

Hou, C., Huang, C. Y., & Hu, C. Y. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-013-0232-1 · Cited by 80

Evaluation of operational parameters for a capacitive deionization reactor employing asymmetric electrodes

Lado, J. J., Pérez-Roa, R. E., Wouters, J. J., Tejedor-Tejedor, M. I., & Anderson, M. A. (2014) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.004 · Cited by 78

Energy Consumption and Recovery in Capacitive Deionization Using Nanoporous Activated Carbon Electrodes

Han, L., Karthikeyan, K. G., & Gregory, K. B. (2015) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0431512jes · Cited by 74

New Operational Modes to Increase Energy Efficiency in Capacitive Deionization Systems

García‐Quismondo, E., Santos, C., Soria, J., Palma, J., & Anderson, M. A. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b05379 · Cited by 74

Membrane capacitive deionisation as an alternative to the 2nd pass for seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant for bromide removal

Dorji, P., Choi, J.-M., Kim, D. I., Phuntsho, S., Hong, S., & Shon, H. K. (2018) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2018.01.020 · Cited by 73

Removal of Chromium from Aqueous Solutions by Treatment with Carbon Aerogel Electrodes Using Response Surface Methodology

Madaria, P. R., Nagarajan, M., Rajagopal, C., & Garg, B. S. (2005) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie050321p · Cited by 71

Removal of nitrate by asymmetric capacitive deionization

Lado, J. J., Pérez-Roa, R. E., Wouters, J. J., Tejedor-Tejedor, M. I., Federspill, C., Ortiz, J. M., & Anderson, M. A. (2017) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2017.03.071 · Cited by 66

Synthesis and electrical properties of NaSS–MAA–MMA cation exchange membranes for membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI)

Kwak, N.-S., Koo, J. S., Hwang, T., & Choi, E. M. (2011) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.046 · Cited by 63

Capacitive deionization (CDI) for removal of phosphate from aqueous solution

Huang, G.-H., Chen, T.-C., Hsu, S.-F., Huang, Y.-H., & Chuang, S. (2013) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1080/19443994.2013.826331 · Cited by 58

Inland Desalination: Challenges and Research Needs

Brady, P. V., Kottenstette, R. J., Mayer, T. M., & Hightower, M. (2009) · Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education · doi:10.1111/j.1936-704x.2005.mp132001007.x · Cited by 57

Nitrate electro-sorption/reduction in capacitive deionization using a novel Pd/NiAl-layered metal oxide film electrode

Hu, C., Dong, J., Wang, T., Liu, R., Liu, H., & Qu, J. (2017) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.167 · Cited by 55

A capacitive deionization system with high energy recovery and effective re-use

Andres, G. L., & YOSHIHARA, Y. (2016) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.021 · Cited by 53

Carbon fiber sheets coated with thin-films of SiO2 and γ-Al2O3 as electrodes in capacitive deionization: Relationship between properties of the oxide films and electrode performance

Wouters, J. J., Lado, J. J., Tejedor-Tejedor, M. I., Pérez-Roa, R. E., & Anderson, M. A. (2013) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.170 · Cited by 51

A microbial fuel cell driven capacitive deionization technology for removal of low level dissolved ions

Feng, C., Hou, C., Chen, S., & Yu, C. (2013) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.068 · Cited by 50

Asymmetric Capacitive Deionization Utilizing Low Surface Area Carbon Electrodes Coated with Nanoporous Thin-Films of Al2O3and SiO2

Lado, J. J., Wouters, J. J., Tejedor-Tejedor, M. I., Anderson, M. A., & García‐Calvo, E. (2013) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.094308jes · Cited by 45

High performance graphene composite microsphere electrodes for capacitive deionisation

Liu, L., Liao, L., Meng, Q., & Cao, B. (2015) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.04.009 · Cited by 42

Carbon materials as electrodes for electrosorption of NaCl in aqueous solutions

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Combined reverse osmosis and constant-current operated capacitive deionization system for seawater desalination

Minhas, M. B., Jande, Y. A. C., & Kim, W. (2014) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.03.043 · Cited by 39

Integrating reverse electrodialysis with constant current operating capacitive deionization

Jande, Y. A. C., & Kim, W. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.039 · Cited by 38

Improving desalination by coupling membrane capacitive deionization with microbial desalination cell

Wen, Q., Zhang, H., Yang, H. W., Chen, Z., Nan, J., & Feng, Y. (2014) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.027 · Cited by 38

Pressure driven membrane processes — the answer to the need of a growing world population for quality water supply and waste water disposal

Rautenbach, R. (2001) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/s1383-5866(00)00130-1 · Cited by 36

Ultrapure water from seawater using integrated reverse osmosis-capacitive deionization system

Jande, Y. A. C., Minhas, M. B., & Kim, W. (2013) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1080/19443994.2013.873352 · Cited by 35

Desalination of brackish water using capacitive deionization (CDI) technology

Fawad, A., Khan, S. J., Jamal, Y., Kamran, H., Ahsan, A., Ahmad, M. S., & Khan, A. (2015) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1080/19443994.2015.1037357 · Cited by 35

A statistical experimental investigation on arsenic removal using capacitive deionization

Zhang, W., Mossad, M., Yazdi, J. S., & Zou, L. Y. (2014) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1080/19443994.2014.981761 · Cited by 35

Effect of dopants on the adsorbing performance of polypyrrole/graphite electrodes for capacitive deionization process

Liu, Q., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xu, S., & Wang, J. (2012) · Synthetic Metals · doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.01.015 · Cited by 35

Improvement of water softening efficiency in capacitive deionization by ultra purification process of reduced graphene oxide

Tuan, T. N., Chung, S., Lee, J. K., & Lee, J. (2015) · Current Applied Physics · doi:10.1016/j.cap.2015.08.001 · Cited by 34

New Control Strategy of an Up–Down Converter for Energy Recovery in a CDI Desalination System

Pernia, A. M., Álvarez-González, F. J., Prieto, M. J., Villegas, P., & Nuño, F. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2013.2280814 · Cited by 29

Influence of Metal Oxide Coatings, Carbon Materials and Potentials on Ion Removal in Capacitive Deionization

Wouters, J. J., Tejedor-Tejedor, M. I., Lado, J. J., Pérez-Roa, R. E., & Anderson, M. A. (2018) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0271805jes · Cited by 29

Effects of NF treated water on corrosion of pipe distribution system and its implications to blending with conventionally treated water

Choi, J.-M., Choi, B. G., & Hong, S. (2015) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2015.01.026 · Cited by 26

Hybrid Reverse Osmosis‐Capacitive Deionization versus Two‐Stage Reverse Osmosis: A Comparative Analysis

Minhas, M. B., Jande, Y. A. C., & Kim, W. (2014) · Chemical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1002/ceat.201300681 · Cited by 22

Energy-Recovery Optimization of an Experimental CDI Desalination System

Álvarez-González, F. J., Martín‐Ramos, J. A., Diaz, J., Martínez, J. A., & Pernia, A. M. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2015.2494015 · Cited by 21

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Benetti, A. D. (2008) · Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental · doi:10.1590/s1413-41522008000300001 · Cited by 20

Porous Biomass Carbon Coated with SiO2 as High Performance Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization

Quan, G., Wang, H., Zhu, F., & Yan, J. (2017) · BioResources · doi:10.15376/biores.13.1.437-449 · Cited by 19

Capacitive deionization of ground water using carbon aerogel based electrodes

Kohli, D., Bhartiya, S., Singh, A. K., Singh, R., Singh, M. K., & Gupta, P. K. (2016) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1080/19443994.2016.1186430 · Cited by 15

Arsenic removal from water of Huautla, Morelos, Mexico using capacitive deionization

Garrido, S., Avilés, M., Ramírez, A. E., Calderón, C., Ramirez-Orozco, A., Nieto, A., Shelp, G. S., Seed, L. P., Cebrián, M. E., & Vera, E. J. M. (2008) · Arsenic in the environment · doi:10.1201/b11334-87 · Cited by 15

Assessing Innovative Technologies for Nitrate Removal from Drinking Water

Shams, S. (2010) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo) · Cited by 13

Impact of operating conditions on performance of capacitive deionisation for reverse osmosis brine recovery

Jing, Y., Qin, J., Kekre, K. A., Viswanath, B., Tao, G., & Seah, H. (2013) · Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination · doi:10.2166/wrd.2013.008 · Cited by 12

Electrochemical softening using capacitive deionization (CDI) with zeolite modified carbon electrode (ZMCE)

Kim, C., Lee, J., Kim, S., & Yoon, J. (2016) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1080/19443994.2016.1152638 · Cited by 11

Innovative Approaches to RO Concentrate Management: Beneficial Reuse and Concentrate Minimization

Adham, S. S., Oppenheimer, J., & Kumar, M. (2006) · Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation · doi:10.2175/193864706783778817 · Cited by 7

Capacitive Deionization for RO brine recovery in NEWater production

Lee, L. Y., Ng, H. Y., Ong, S. L., Hu, J., Tao, G., Kekre, K. A., Viswanath, B., Lay, W. C. L., & Seah, H. (2008) · Water Practice & Technology · doi:10.2166/wpt.2008.081 · Cited by 5

Electrosorption of Hardness Ions from Water with Activated Carbon Cloth Electrodes

Dong, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, H., & Chang, C. (2015) · Asian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.14233/ajchem.2015.17748 · Cited by 4

Charge-transfer materials for electrochemical water desalination, ion separation and the recovery of elements

Srimuk, P., Su, X., Yoon, J., Aurbach, D., & Presser, V. (2020) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-020-0193-1 · Cited by 682

Environmental impact of desalination technologies: A review

Elsaid, K., Kamil, M., Sayed, E. T., Abdelkareem, M. A., Wilberforce, T., & Olabi, A. G. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141528 · Cited by 552

Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization

Gamaethiralalage, J. G., Singh, K., Sahin, S., Yoon, J., Elimelech, M., Suss, M. E., Liang, P., Biesheuvel, P. M., Zornitta, R. L., & de Smet, L. C. P. M. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d0ee03145c · Cited by 517

Electrodialysis applications in wastewater treatment for environmental protection and resources recovery: A systematic review on progress and perspectives

Gurreri, L., Tamburini, A., Cipollina, A., & Micale, G. (2020) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes10070146 · Cited by 492

Flow Electrode Capacitive Deionization (FCDI): Recent Developments, Environmental Applications, and Future Perspectives

Zhang, C., Ma, J., Wu, L., Sun, J., Wang, L., Li, T., & Waite, T. D. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c06552 · Cited by 323

Recent Advances in Capacitive Deionization: Research Progress and Application Prospects

Liu, M., He, M., Han, J., Sun, Y., Jiang, H., Li, Z., Li, Y., & Zhang, H. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142114429 · Cited by 51

Application of Capacitive Deionization in Water Treatment and Energy Recovery: A Review

Bao, S., Xin, C., Zhang, Y., Chen, B., Ding, W., & Luo, Y. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16031136 · Cited by 89

Hybrid and Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization: Materials Design, Multispecies Removal, and Smart Regulation

Gao, Y., Ye, C., Wang, R., Li, W., & Pang, H. (2025) · Sustainable Engineering Novit · doi:10.53941/sen.2025.100007 · Cited by 5

Capacitive deionization for sustainable water desalination: Advances in electrode materials, mechanistic pathways, and system-level optimization

Khalil, A. K. A., Teow, Y. H., Yoshizawa‐Fujita, M., Takriff, M. S., Ahmad, A. L., Atieh, M. A., & Khalil, K. A. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.118859 · Cited by 17

Versatile applications of capacitive deionization (CDI)-based technologies

Xing, W., Liang, J., Tang, W., He, D., Yan, M. W., Wang, X., Luo, Y., Tang, N., & Huang, M. Y. (2020) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114390 · Cited by 321