Lithium recovery from brine: Recent developments and challenges

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The state of desalination and brine production: A global outlook

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Lithium availability and future production outlooks

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Lithium recovery from brines: A vital raw material for green energies with a potential environmental impact in its mining and processing

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Membrane-based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithium resources: A review

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Design principles of ion selective nanostructured membranes for the extraction of lithium ions

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Rapid and selective lithium recovery from salt lake brine using a manganese-based lithium-ion sieve flow-electrode capacitive deionization system

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Selective lithium extraction employing lithium manganese oxide-loaded polymeric membranes at natural brine pH and room temperature

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Sustainable process design for lithium recovery from geothermal brines using chemical precipitation

Nikkhah, H., Maria, A. D., Granata, G., & Beykal, B. (2024) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107980 · Cited by 28

Electrodialysis for lithium recovery from brine: Process configurations, techno-economic analysis, challenges and opportunities with artificial intelligence

Liang, Y., & Li, M. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.118309 · Cited by 25

Direct Lithium Extraction from Canadian Oil and Gas Produced Water Using Functional Ionic Liquids—A Preliminary Study

Wang, X., Numedahl, N., & Jiang, C. (2024) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2024.106126 · Cited by 22

Semi-sacrificial fabrication of binder-free lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxides adsorbents for lithium extraction

Gao, J., Hong, M., Zhong, J., Na, S., Su, Y., Li, H., Hu, M., & Yang, S. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.118409 · Cited by 22

A hollow fiber supported ionic liquid membrane contactor for continuous extraction of lithium from high magnesium/lithium ratio brine

Dong, B., Hua, J., He, J., Du, J., Xiao, J., & Li, J. (2025) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123451 · Cited by 22

Nanofiltration membranes with high Mg2+/Li+ separation performance under high Mg2+/Li+ ratios prepared from polyethylenimide and benzoyl dichlorides

Huang, Y., Wang, J., Xue, L., Chen, M., Huang, F., & Gao, C. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132871 · Cited by 21

Integrating flexibility and lattice engineering in AlBr Co-doped self-supporting LiMn2O4 electrodes for efficient lithium extraction

Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhao, Z., Zhu, L., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.166575 · Cited by 22

Comparison of the Mg2+-Li+ Separation of Different Nanofiltration Membranes

Li, T., Liu, Y., Srinivasakannan, C., Jiang, X., Zhang, N., Zhou, G., Yin, S., Li, S., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes13090753 · Cited by 22

Recovery of Li from seawater using Li1.33Mn1.67O4 immobilized multi-stage column system

Shin, J., Hwang, S., Rethinasabapathy, M., Bhaskaran, G., Chung, K., Kim, B., Huh, Y. S., & Ryu, T. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.117656 · Cited by 21

Adsorption of Li+ by imprinted capacitor deionization — A new method for selective recovery of valuable lithium in acidic solutions

Han, N., Li, Y., Peng, H., Gao, R., He, Q., Miao, Z., & Wan, K. (2023) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2023.116820 · Cited by 22

Layered hydrated-titanium-oxide-laden reduced graphene oxide composite as a high-performance negative electrode for selective extraction of Li via membrane capacitive deionization

Bhaskaran, G., Rethinasabapathy, M., Shin, J., Ranjith, K. S., Lee, H. U., Son, W. K., Han, Y., Ryu, T., & Huh, Y. S. (2023) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.029 · Cited by 21

Membrane crystallization for recovery of lithium carbonate crystals: Study on process parameters and salts effect for Li2CO3-NaCl-KCl-LiCl solutions

Shirazi, M. M. A., Ali, A., & Quist-Jensen, C. A. (2023) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2023.117109 · Cited by 21

Modulating porosity and hydrophilicity of granular adsorbent by water-soluble polymers to enhance lithium extraction from ultrahigh Mg/Li ratio brine

Gao, X., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, R., Sun, H., Yin, P., Huo, Y., Rong, Y., & Xiang, X. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.117963 · Cited by 21

Separation of Lithium from Aluminum-Containing Clay Mineral Leachate Solution Using Energy-Efficient Membrane Solvent Extraction

Wagh, P., Islam, S. Z., Lamichhane, T. N., Bhave, R. R., & Paranthaman, M. P. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c05009 · Cited by 20

Utilizing solar energy for targeted lithium extraction from salt lake brine with laser-induction

Zhao, Q., Zhong, H., Lai, Z., Ji, Y., Qin, Q., & Wang, S. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.118449 · Cited by 21

A rationally designed scalable thin film nanocomposite cation exchange membrane for precise lithium extraction

Feng, Y., Zhu, Y., Chen, W., Huang, X., Weng, X., Meyer, M. D., Chen, T.-H., Liu, Y., He, Z., Hou, C., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63660-3 · Cited by 20

Integrated Circular Economy Model System for Direct Lithium Extraction: From Minerals to Batteries Utilizing Aluminum Hydroxide

Jayanthi, K., Lamichhane, T. N., Roy, V., Zhao, F., Navrotsky, A., Moyer, B. A., & Paranthaman, M. P. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c12070 · Cited by 20

Liquid membrane coupled electrodialysis system for highly-efficient lithium recovery from fly ash acid leaching solution

Cui, L., Zhang, Q., Li, C., Wang, L., Sun, D., & Cheng, F. (2023) · Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification · doi:10.1016/j.cep.2023.109650 · Cited by 21

Lithium selective receptors

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Forward osmosis for concentrating lithium-enriched brine: From membrane performance to system design

Mo, S., Sun, N., Liu, X., Zhu, W., & He, T. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.117997 · Cited by 21

Tailored l-Arginine modified Poly(piperazine-amide) nanofiltration membrane with enhanced water permeability for efficient Li+/Mg2+ separation

Aghaei, A., Rahimpour, A., & Sadrzadeh, M. (2025) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124140 · Cited by 19

Confinement-effect adsorbents based on titanium-based lithium ion sieve for efficient lithium adsorption under natural pH conditions

Ma, Y., Yu, H., Yang, Y. J., Zhang, T., Yao, J., Li, Y., Yongchen, Z., & Wang, W. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.169208 · Cited by 21

Porous alumina-supported lithium aluminum titanium phosphate membrane for lithium extraction using the electrodialysis process

Habiba, U., Siddique, T. A., Fattah, I. M. R., Mohammed, S., Attenborough, E., Lai, Q., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128657 · Cited by 19

Positive role of sulfonated PEEK coating for PEEK membrane in mass transfer of lithium extraction

Li, W., Bai, B., Song, J., Huang, T., He, H., Zhang, Y., & He, T. (2023) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2023.116451 · Cited by 18

Systematic Review of Battery Life Cycle Management: A Framework for European Regulation Compliance

Gianvincenzi, M., Marconi, M., Mosconi, E. M., Favi, C., & Tola, F. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su162210026 · Cited by 23

MXene-bridged HMO/PSF adsorptive membrane for selective lithium recovery from shale gas wastewater with suppressed Mn leaching

Ren, Y., Zhao, D., Zhou, F., Liu, Y., Chen, F., Fu, Y., Gong, T., Wu, Z., Yang, X., & Cai, Z. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.118515 · Cited by 18

Targeted electro-redox facilitating efficient delithiation of lithium manganese ion-sieve selective electrode

Wang, Y., Jia, H., Li, S., Gu, S., & Yu, J. (2023) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2023.116867 · Cited by 16

Enhanced anti-fouling and selective performance of GO-modified nanofiltration membranes for lithium extraction from salt lake brine

Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Mingxiang, W. A. N. G., & Wang, H. Y. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.156269 · Cited by 17

Continuous recovery of lithium and boron from Jezechake Salt Lake brine using fixed-bed adsorbers

Lu, M., Miao, Y., Yang, Y., & Li, P. (2024) · Hydrometallurgy · doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106299 · Cited by 16

Comparative feasibility of lithium extraction technologies in U.S. oilfields

Almousa, M., Lim, Y. H., Almubaidin, M. A., Alshami, A., Al‐Tayyem, B. H., Tomomewo, O. S., & Khalifa, H. (2025) · Desalination and Water Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.dwt.2025.101128 · Cited by 17

Recent Advances on the Positively-Charged Nanofiltration Membranes for Mg2+/Li+ Separation Through Interfacial Polymerization

Zeng, X., Meng, C., Xu, Z., Li, X., Zhu, H., & Li, G. (2025) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano15130967 · Cited by 16

Electrosorption Theoretically Outperforms Nanofiltration and Electrodialysis for Direct Lithium Extraction from Brines

Wang, R., Sheng, M., Liu, X., Wang, Q., Wang, Z., & Wang, L. A. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c13571 · Cited by 18

Lithium Extraction Method from Geothermal Brine to Find Suitable Method for Geothermal Fields in Indonesia: A Review

Suud, E. M., Suryantini, S., & Mubarok, M. Z. (2023) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1159/1/012011 · Cited by 16

Approaching ratio as a guideline for substrate design of forward osmosis membranes

Sun, N., Mo, S., Dou, P., Dong, C., & He, T. (2023) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2023.122332 · Cited by 16

Recent Developments in the Extraction of Lithium from Water Resources

Abdullayev, B., Askarova, N., Toshkodirova, R., Rifky, M., Ayakulov, N., Kurbanov, B., & Samadiy, M. A. (2024) · Asian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.14233/ajchem.2024.30702 · Cited by 17

Selective extraction of lithium from shale gas produced water using an aluminum-based adsorbent

Pan, Y., Ji, B., Zhang, W., Yang, X., Li, Q., & Rena, B. (2024) · Green and Smart Mining Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.gsme.2024.05.002 · Cited by 17

Electrochemical process of chlorination and energy generation as viable alternatives for SWRO brine valorization

Carneiro, M. A., de Kroon, E., Vital, B., Pereira, S. P., & Agostinho, L. L. F. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.117875 · Cited by 16

Uncovering fantastic synergistic lithium adsorption with manganese-titanium based composite nanospheres: Mild synthesis and molecular dynamics simulation insights

Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Su, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, A., Zhang, X., Huang, Y., Zhang, L., Chen, H., & Zhu, W. (2024) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2024.08.067 · Cited by 16

Structurally engineered solvent-free LiFePO4 electrodes via hot-pressing with efficient ion transport pathways for lithium extraction from brine

Zhang, H., Zhao, Z., Wang, Y., Ni, K., Wang, Y., Zhu, L., Liu, J., & Zhao, X. (2025) · Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica · doi:10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100130 · Cited by 15

Opportunities of desalination concentrates for lithium recovery: Optimal separation by synergic solvents

Fernández-Escalante, E., Ibáñez, R., & Román, M. F. S. (2023) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2023.124645 · Cited by 15

Lithium Extraction from Aqueous Systems by λ-MnO 2 -Deposited PU Electrospun Mats

Akgün, B., Baba, A., & Demir, M. M. (2023) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.3c01994 · Cited by 15

Selective extraction of lithium ions by phosphoroxy-functionalized ionogels from the mother liquor of Li2CO3

Huang, Y., Li, X., Luo, G., Tao, D., Chen, L., Sun, J., Gebeyehu, K. B., Chao, Y., & Zhu, W. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.149577 · Cited by 15

Mechanism of lithium adsorption by AlLi-LDH with Al–O octahedral ring

Tian, Y., Cheng-cheng, W. A. N. G., Zhang, F., Xu, L., Zhao, Z., & Tong, B. (2024) · Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China · doi:10.1016/s1003-6326(24)66474-5 · Cited by 15

Quaternary phosphonium-polyamide membranes for efficient lithium extraction from brine sources

Zhao, G., Wan, Y., Pan, G., Yu, H., Tang, G., Gong, X., Zhang, Y., Sun, J., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127787 · Cited by 15

Ion pair extractant selective for LiCl and LiBr

Heo, N. J., Oh, J. H., Li, A., Lee, K., He, Q. G., Sessler, J. L., & Kim, S. K. (2024) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d4sc03760j · Cited by 15

Li-ion transport in two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes

Kim, G. W., Lee, M., Bae, J., Han, J., Park, S., & Shim, W. (2024) · Nano Convergence · doi:10.1186/s40580-024-00465-y · Cited by 14

Strongly cross-linked three-dimensional Li1−xMn2O4/C/SA-c-PEO@GF electrode for lithium recovery from high Mg2+/Li+ ratio salt lake brine

Zhang, J., Ji, K., Wang, Z., Shi, W., Zhao, Z., Du, X. L., & Hao, X. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134102 · Cited by 14

Selective partitioning and uphill transport enable effective Li/Mg ion separation by negatively charged membranes

Santiago-Pagán, L., Harsh, P., Kitto, D., Bentley, A., & Kamcev, J. (2025) · Nature Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s44286-025-00312-9 · Cited by 16

Materials scarcity during the clean energy transition: Myths, challenges, and opportunities

Ku, A. Y., Kócs, E., Fujita, Y., Haddad, A. Z., & Gray, R. W. (2024) · MRS Energy & Sustainability · doi:10.1557/s43581-023-00077-9 · Cited by 14

Freshwater inflows to closed basins of the Andean plateau in Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia

Kirshen, A., Moran, B., Munk, L., Russo, A. A., McKnight, S., Jenckes, J., Corkran, D., Bresee, M., & Boutt, D. F. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02130-6 · Cited by 18

Mechanochemical Treatment for the Extraction of Lithium from Hard Rock Minerals: A Comprehensive Review

Eom, Y., Dyer, L. G., Nikoloski, A. N., & Alorro, R. D. (2024) · Metals · doi:10.3390/met14111260 · Cited by 13

Yttrium doping Li+ Ion-Sieve porous Fluorinated hydrogel adsorbents for enhanced selective lithium recovery

Jiang, Y., Liu, R., Liu, M., Ye, W., Liu, B., Yang, Q., Bao, Z., Ren, Q., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134442 · Cited by 13

A spacer-based approach for localized Joule heating in membrane distillation

Ahmed, F. E., Ibrahim, Y., & Hilal, N. (2024) · npj Clean Water · doi:10.1038/s41545-024-00337-2 · Cited by 13

Free-piston batch reverse osmosis (RO): Modelling and scale-up

Hosseinipour, E., & Davies, P. A. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.117980 · Cited by 13

Bipolar Membrane Capacitive Deionization for the Selective Capture of Lithium Ions from Brines and Conversion to Lithium Hydroxide

Kulkarni, T., Dhamen, A. M. I. A., Zhang, X., Chiu, C.-W., Zhang, H., Shi, F., Kumar, R., & Arges, C. G. (2024) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad7a25 · Cited by 13

Self‐Oxidated Hybrid Conductive Network Enables Efficient Electrochemical Lithium Extraction Under High‐Altitude Environment

Wan, Z., Liu, Z., Xiao, Y., Ruan, Q., Wang, Q., Zhang, H., Yao, M., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202406607 · Cited by 13

Unlocking the potential of desalinization brine: Challenges and opportunities for the circular economy

Alrabiah, F. H., & Hicks, A. (2025) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108308 · Cited by 16

Sorption of lithium and competing ions from geothermal brine to lithium manganese oxide sorbent and implication for industrial use

Slunitschek, K., Eiche, E., & Kolb, J. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134594 · Cited by 13

Membrane crystallization for resource recovery from brine towards sustainability and circular economy

Shirazi, M. M. A., Kirkebæk, B. S., Ali, A., & Quist-Jensen, C. A. (2024) · Science Talks · doi:10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100367 · Cited by 12

In-situ self-assemblied HTO/MXene/PSF hybrid membrane for high efficiency and selective lithium extraction from shale gas wastewater

Ren, Y., Zhao, D., Zhou, F., Chen, F., Fu, Y., Wu, Z., Luo, Y., Sun, F., He, X. J., & Sun, X. (2025) · Nano Research · doi:10.26599/nr.2025.94907261 · Cited by 12

Rational design of two-dimensional nanosheets membranes for lithium extraction from brine: Recent progress and future opportunities

Xia, Y., Liu, K., Xiang, Y., Chen, X., Zhou, K., Zeng, Y., Yi, S., & Zeng, G. (2025) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2025.118895 · Cited by 12

Proton-driven lithium separation using alkali-templated coordination cages

Sun, X. B., Wu, K., Teeuwen, P. C. P., Pracht, P., Wales, D. J., & Nitschke, J. R. (2025) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2025.102556 · Cited by 12

Battery‐Grade Lithium Materials: Virgin Production and Recycling, a Techno‐Economic Comparison

Gallagher, S. M., Chowdhury, N. A., Dai, Q., & Spangenberger, J. S. (2025) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202501813 · Cited by 14

High specific surface area of H2TiO3 ion sieve for efficient lithium extraction from liquid resources

Chen, X., Shao, Y. Q., Xing, L., Wei, Y., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2025.119601 · Cited by 12

Review of Direct Lithium Extraction Methods: Recent Advances and Outlook

Fatoki, O., Parupelli, S. K., Kaur, M., Mathew, A., Rehmat, A., & Desai, S. S. (2026) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries12040133 · Cited by 13

Performance comparison of lithium fractionation from magnesium via continuous selective nanofiltration/electrodialysis

Xu, Y., Chen, Q., Gao, Y., Wang, J., Fan, H., & Zhao, F. (2022) · Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2022.11.013 · Cited by 11

Liquid mining of lithium from brines using a hybrid forward osmosis – freeze concentration process driven by green deep eutectic solvents

Amani, A., & Κολλιόπουλος, Γ. (2024) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d4gc01361a · Cited by 11

Insights into the thermodynamics of selective lithium extraction with lithium iron phosphate from high salinity system

Zhou, S., Wang, P., Wang, Y., He, J., Zhang, Y., Xia, X., Gu, S., & Yu, J. (2024) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128845 · Cited by 11

Benzo-12-crown-4 and β-diketone bi-functionalized ionic liquids for highly selective lithium extraction from alkaline solution

Wang, S., Rong, M., Sun, L., Zhao, Y., Xing, H., & Yang, L. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.154341 · Cited by 11

Direct aluminate precipitation technique with a phase transformation strategy for selective lithium extraction from Uyuni brine

Kim, H. S., Suh, Y. J., Kim, D.-W., Yoo, H., Hong, H.-J., & Park, I. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.159220 · Cited by 11

High-performance functionalized keratin for efficient lithium recovery: Experimental and statistical physics insights

Abujayyab, M., Hasan, S. W., Lemaoui, T., AlNashef, I. M., Arafat, H. A., & BANAT, F. A. (2025) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2025.118782 · Cited by 11

Metal-organic framework membranes for lithium extraction from Mg/Li brines: Advances in design, machine learning-driven optimization, and scalability challenges

Du, Z., & Bao, G. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133044 · Cited by 12

Selective magnesium doping at 8a sites in Li1.6Mn1.6O4 Spinels for enhancing lithium adsorption and reducing manganese dissolution towards salt lake brine

Deng, G., Jiang, R., Tang, F., Hou, Z., & Feng, Y. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133885 · Cited by 11

Metal–organic frameworks for the adsorption of alkali metal ions

Zhou, X., Zhao, Y., Zhao, X., Huang, H., Liu, Y., & Liu, D. (2026) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d5cc06805c · Cited by 10

An Ultrastable RA-LiMn2O4 Lithium-Ion Sieve for Lithium Extraction from Brine

Cao, X., Wu, J. Y., Deng, Z., Ji, Y., Zhang, Q., Guo, L., Yu, J., & Ouyang, G. (2024) · ACS Materials Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c01184 · Cited by 10

Ladder electrodialysis: Efficient up-concentration of lithium ion and its mechanisms behind

Liu, C., Gu, S., Gao, W., Tan, M., Lin, Y., Hu, M., Li, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.118270 · Cited by 11

Preparation of hydrophilic Cr-doped LiTi2(PO4)3 ion sieves with expanded cell structure for enhanced lithium extraction

Li, M., Shen, X., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Xue, F., & Ju, S. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.118354 · Cited by 10

Preparation of hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes with intensified charge density for Li+/Mg2+ separation from brines with high Mg2+/Li+ ratios

Shi, L. Y., Ding, L., Liu, S., Gao, H., She, J., Zhang, J., Lu, X., & Wu, C. (2025) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124091 · Cited by 10

Revealing the pH-dependent dissolution mechanism of LiMn2O4/λ-MnO2 redox couple for selective electrochemical lithium extraction

Wang, P., Zhou, S., Qi, C., Yao, X., Gu, S., & Yu, J. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133496 · Cited by 10

Construction of crown ether-based polyamide composite nanofiltration membrane with high Mg2+ transportation barrier for efficient Mg2+/Li+ separation

Zhao, H., Zhang, L., Hui, H., Pei, H., & Li, X. (2025) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124866 · Cited by 10

Li+ Separation from Multi-Ionic Mixtures by Nanofiltration Membranes: Experiments and Modeling

Hubach, T., Pillath, M., Knaup, C., Schlüter, S., & Held, C. (2023) · Modelling—International Open Access Journal of Modelling in Engineering Science · doi:10.3390/modelling4030024 · Cited by 12

Synthesis and Lithium Adsorption Performance of NiFe2O4@AlLi-LDH

Tian, Y., Xie, J., Zhang, F., Xu, L., & Zhao, Z. (2023) · Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy · doi:10.1007/s40831-023-00707-z · Cited by 9

High Stability Titanium Adsorbents for Lithium Recovery from Alkaline Salt Lake Brine: A Long-Term Pilot Study

Zhao, Y., Zhuang, Y., Lai, X., Li, B., Zheng, F., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.4c01942 · Cited by 9

Revealing the functional relationship between manganese dissolution potentials and lithium concentrations with diffusion coefficient for lithium intercalation in λ-MnO2 electrode

Wang, P., Zhou, S., Yao, X., Fu, Y., Gu, S., & Yu, J. (2024) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130184 · Cited by 9

Lysine-regulated turing structure membrane via interfacial polymerization for enhanced Li+/Mg2+ separation

Tian, C., Lei, D., Qian, Y., Kong, X., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130335 · Cited by 9

Recovery of lithium carbonate crystals from a high salinity solution using membrane crystallizer with concentration and temperature gradients

Choi, Y., Suu, L., Lim, J., & Choi, J.-S. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.118311 · Cited by 9

Performance study of lithium ion sieve composite in high gravity for Li+ adsorption

Ma, Y., Liu, Y., Li, J., Zhang, C., & Wang, S. (2024) · Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification · doi:10.1016/j.cep.2024.110079 · Cited by 9

Lithium in drinking water: Review of chemistry, analytical methods, and treatment technologies

Korak, J. A., Brandhuber, P. J., & Goodwill, J. E. (2024) · AWWA Water Science · doi:10.1002/aws2.70009 · Cited by 9

A comprehensive review on the extraction and recovery of lithium from primary and secondary sources: Advances toward battery‐grade materials

Top, S., Kurşunoğlu, S., & Altıner, M. (2025) · The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1002/cjce.70132 · Cited by 10

Synergistic integration of crown ether and Girard's reagent T in nanofiltration membranes for high-efficiency lithium extraction from salt lake brine

Liang, Y., Pan, R., Yang, B., Li, X., Wang, M., 崔振宇, He, B., & Yan, F. (2025) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2025.124740 · Cited by 9

Lithium mining 3.0: Towards a sustainable technology framework for transforming salt-lake brines into clean energy resources

Xi, H., Yang, Z., Liu, Z., Tang, Y., Yang, S., Liu, J., Iwan, M. A., Ibrahim, I. A., & Yin, H. (2026) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2026.116704 · Cited by 9

Lithium Recovery from Brines: A Comprehensive Review of Advanced Separation Technologies

Mittal, H., Shah, S. N., AlSuwaidi, M., & Alfantazi, A. M. (2026) · Precision Chemistry · doi:10.1021/prechem.5c00264 · Cited by 10

Scalable glass composite membranes for highly selective lithium enrichment

Wang, Y., Wu, J., Li, Z., Li, R., Cheng, S., He, J., Elimelech, M., & Sun, Y. (2026) · Nature Water · doi:10.1038/s44221-026-00633-w · Cited by 9

A strategy to avoid solid formation within the reactor during magnesium and calcium electrolytic removal from lithium-rich brines

Vera, M. L., Palacios, C. J. O., Nieto, C. H. D., Palacios, N. A., Carlantonio, N. D., Luna, F. G., Torres, W. R., & Flexer, V. (2022) · Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10008-022-05219-6 · Cited by 9

Crown Ether-Grafted Graphene Oxide-Based Materials—Synthesis, Characterization and Study of Lithium Adsorption from Complex Brine

Knapik, E., Rotko, G., Piotrowski, M., & Marszałek, M. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17246269 · Cited by 8

Highly selective lithium extraction by forming ion pairs using 2,9‐Dialkyl‐1,10‐Phenanthrolines and a hydrophobic anion

Geng, X., Zhang, J., Xia, B., Guan, Y., Meng, Q., Jiang, Z., Zhang, Y., Sharma, B. P., Liang, Y., Yang, L., et al. (2025) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.18704 · Cited by 8

Exploration of lithium brine purification via simultaneous extraction of magnesium and boron using novel ionic liquids: A theoretical and experimental molecular study

Parraguez, B., Parra‐Muñoz, N., Cárdenas‐Jirón, G., Borges‐Martínez, M., & Urzúa, J. I. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127193 · Cited by 8

Analytical perspective of lithium extraction from brine waste: Analysis and current progress

Chang, S. A., Balouch, A., & Abdullah (2024) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2024.110291 · Cited by 16

Sustainable Lithium Recovery From Aqueous Sources Using Advanced Extraction Technologies: A Comprehensive Review

Muslim, D. S., Ghanoum, R., Mohammed, N. N., Diab, N. M. M., Hameed, A., Boyer, T. H., Perreault, F., & Ali, M. E. A. (2026) · Water Environment Research · doi:10.1002/wer.70342 · Cited by 2

Extraction Technologies for Lithium Resources from Salt Lake Brines: Research Progress, Challenges and Future Prospects

Wu, H., Dong, T., Zhang, Z., & Cheng, Y. (2025) · Metals · doi:10.3390/met15121327 · Cited by 23

Novel approaches for lithium extraction from salt-lake brines: A review

Liu, G., Zhao, Z., & Ghahreman, A. (2019) · Hydrometallurgy · doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.05.005 · Cited by 465

The Principle, Progress and Challenges of Lithium Extraction from Brine

Jiang, X., Fan, J., & Zhu, A. (2026) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/matecconf/202642004012/pdf