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Cited by 39Inclusion and Disability in Education and SportCerebral Palsy and Movement DisordersPhysical Activity and Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effectiveness of surf therapy for children with disabilities

Open access
Clapham, Emily D., Lamont, Linda S., Shim, Minsuk, Lateef, Shabnam, Armitano, Cortney N.·2020·Disability and Health Journal
DOI 10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.100828
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Abstract

Background Few researchers have examined the effects of surf programs on children with disabilities. Due to previous research findings, surfing is being used, as the focus of physical activity intervention due to its numerous health and therapeutic benefits.Objective/hypothesis The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of an eight-week surfing intervention on various physical fitness measures in 71 children with disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder, down syndrome, global developmental delays, and cerebral palsy. The study also sought to compare the differences in overall fitness levels between the surf therapy group and an unstructured pool playgroup. Researchers predicted significant differences in the surf therapy group.Methods The assessment procedure consisted of pre and post physical fitness measures selected from the Brockport Physical Fitness Test in two groups: surfing (n = 71) and an unstructured aquatic program (n = 20).Results The results demonstrated significant improvements in core strength (p = 0.00), upper body strength (p = 0.00), flexibility (p = 0.01) and cardiorespiratory endurance (p = 0.00) in the surfing group. However, there were no significant differences in overall fitness levels between the surfing and unstructured pool playgroups. Body composition measurements on the surfing group demonstrated a significant reduction in total body fat % (p = 0.016) and fat free mass (p = 0.008) and a significant improvement in bone mineral density (p = 0.004) pre to post surf therapy.Conclusions This research demonstrated the effectiveness and physiological benefits of surf therapy for children with selected disabilities.

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  • Surf therapy programs for adults and children provide physical benefits, including helping with brain injury, post-hip surgery recovery, cerebral palsy, and Autism Spectrum and Down Syndrome symptomatology.

    “Surf therapy programs for adults and children provide physical benefits, including helping with brain injury, 2 post-hip surgery recovery, 8 cerebral palsy, 9 and Autism Spectrum and Down Syndrome 9 symptomatology.”

    From The Groundswell Community Surf Therapy Intervention for At-Risk Women and Changes in Body Acceptance, Resilience, and Emotional Regulation (2024) · cites this paper as [9]

    The Abstract (page unavailable) reports improved physical-fitness measures after surf therapy in children with disabilities including cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, and Down syndrome. It does not establish improvements in symptoms specific to those conditions, and it found no significant difference in overall fitness between the surfing and pool-play groups. The adult brain-injury and post-hip-surgery examples carry other citations and are not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Lopes, 2015, Adapted surfing as a tool to promote inclusion and rising disability awareness in Portugal, J Sports Dev., 3, 1
  2. Fernhall, 2001, Limitations to work capacity in individuals with intellectual disabilities, Clin Exerc Physiol, 3, 176

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Metadata

Authors
Clapham, E. D., Lamont, L. S., Shim, M., Lateef, S., & Armitano, C. N.
Affiliations
University of Rhode Island (US)
Corresponding author
Clapham, Emily D.
ORCID
Clapham, Emily D.
Venue
Disability and Health Journal
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2020-01
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
100828
ISSN
  • 1876-7583 (ISSN-L)
  • 1936-6574
DOI
10.1016/j.dhjo.2019.100828
OpenAlex
W2966441996
Cited by
39
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4
FWCI
4.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Disability and health journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Journal of Media Literacy Education (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Doug Flutie, Jr. Foundation for Autism
  • John E. Fogarty Foundation for Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords
surf therapy, children with disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, global developmental delay, cerebral palsy, physical fitness, aquatic exercise, core strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, bone mineral density
MeSH terms
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Body Composition, Body Fluid Compartments, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Developmental Disabilities, Down Syndrome, Female, Humans, Male, Physical Endurance, Physical Fitness, Play and Playthings, Sports, Water, Exercise, Bone Density, Range of Motion, Articular, Treatment Outcome, Children with Disabilities, Muscle Strength, Sports for Persons with Disabilities

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