Looking for the lighthouse: A systematic review of advanced theory-of-mind tests beyond preschool
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The Silent Film and Triangles tasks are reliable and valid indicators of theory of mind for this age range.
“the tasks are reliable measures of ToM as indicated by strong test -retest reliability (e.g., Devine & Hughes, 2016) and are valid indictors of ToM as indicated by convergent validity with other advanced measures such as the Strange Stories task (e.g., Devine et al., 2024)”
From Longitudinal development of theory of mind in adolescence and its associations with fiction reading experience. (2025) · cites this paper as Osterhaus & Bosacki, 2022
In middle childhood and adolescence, ToM is moderately associated with language skills, regardless of the type of ToM task.
“Similarly, in middle childhood and adolescence, ToM is moderately associated with language skills, regardless of the type of ToM task (Osterhaus & Bosacki, 2022).”
From Longitudinal development of theory of mind in adolescence and its associations with fiction reading experience. (2025) · cites this paper as Osterhaus & Bosacki, 2022
Cites
Baron‐Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00715 · Cited by 4,555 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Inhibitory Control and Children's Theory of Mind
Carlson, S. M., & Moses, L. J. (2001) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00333 · Cited by 2,072 · see citing works
How Big is a Big Odds Ratio? Interpreting the Magnitudes of Odds Ratios in Epidemiological Studies
Chen, H., Cohen, P., & Chen, S. (2010) · Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation · doi:10.1080/03610911003650383 · Cited by 1,952 · see citing works
Corcoran, R., Mercer, G., & Frith, C. D. (1995) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/0920-9964(95)00024-g · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
The accidental transgressor: Morally-relevant theory of mind
Killen, M., Mulvey, K. L., Richardson, C., Jampol, N., & Woodward, A. (2011) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2011.01.006 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
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van der Kleij, S. W., Devine, R. T., Shapiro, L. R., Ricketts, J., & Apperly, I. (2025) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001965 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Osterhaus, C., & Bosacki, S. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Vechta (DE)
- Brock University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Osterhaus, Christopher
- Venue
- Developmental Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-06
- Volume
- 64
- Pages
- 101021
- ISSN
- 0273-2297 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4220992060
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Developmental Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- false belief understanding, second-order false belief, facial expression decoding, social cognition, language skills, executive function, inhibition, empathy, individual differences, lifespan development
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