Substituent effects on absorption spectra of pH indicators: an experimental and computational study of sulfonphthaleine dyes
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PSP is ring-closed under acidic conditions, while under neutral and alkaline conditions, it loses protons and opens the ring.
“In particular, PSP is ring-closed under acidic conditions, while under neutral and alkaline conditions, it will lose protons and open the ring [35].”
From Red-light excited efficient metal-free near-infrared room-temperature phosphorescent films (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
Section 4.1.1 (page unavailable) supports deprotonation and bond rearrangement, and the Scheme 1 caption says a further deprotonation occurs above pH 6. But it describes the oxygen–carbon bond breaking upon solvation, not ring opening specifically at neutral or alkaline pH; it also does not establish that the dye remains ring-closed throughout acidic conditions. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPSP derivatives are highly sensitive pH indicators in water and have different molecular structures in acidic and neutral aqueous solutions.
“Previous studies revealed that these PSP derivatives are highly sensitive pH indicators in water [35] and have different molecular structures in acidic and neutral aqueous solutions.”
From Red-light excited efficient metal-free near-infrared room-temperature phosphorescent films (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
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“This difference is not a matter of ignoring the solvation effect during the structural optimization, since the almost same peak shift from 461 nm to 548 nm has been reported by the TD-DFT calculations for the BTB structures optimized in aqueous solution (performed in Gaussian 03[15] using the B3LYP functional with a 6…”
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“75) fro orang to gre n as induce by deprotona ion or the rel ase of a proton fr the int llig nt packagin indicat r dye [47].”
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“t defined ranges of pH. For instance, bromothymol blue (BTB) exhibits a yellow colour when dissolved at a pH lower than 6.0, whilst it triggers either green or blue coloration in alkaline environment [50]. Incorporation of a halochromic dye into a desired fibrous matrix could therefore be exploited aiming to integrate…”
BackgroundInfluentialInkjet-printed gradient colorimetric indicators for monitoring fish freshness
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“The BTB pH indicator is blue above pH = 7.6 and yellow below pH = 6.5, and green between these pH-values (De Meyer et al., 2014).”
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An inkjet‐printed sulfonephthalein dye indicator array for volatile amine detection
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Quality and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Fresh Beef Stored in Smart Packaging
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Removal of wood dyes from aqueous solutions by sorption on untreated pine (Pinus radiata) sawdust
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Flexible pH sensors based on OECTs with a BTB dye-embedded ion-gel gate dielectric
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Two-layer Electrospun System Enabling Wound Exudate Management and Visual Infection Response
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Halochromic Chemosensor From Poly(acrylonitrile)/Phenolphthalein Nanofibers as pH Sensor
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Microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the speciation of inorganic nitrogen species
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“An absorption band at kmax 555 nm, characteristic of protonated quinoid oxygen of XB red form in acidic medium [23, 24, 27], develops upon irradiating XB–PVB film.”
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Patterned Hydrophilic Patches on Slippery Surfaces with Anticounterfeit Applications
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Thermally stable mesoporous pH dyes encapsulated titania nanocomposites for opto-chemical sensing
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“Bromothymol blue (C27H28Br2O5S) (sometimes known as bromothymol sulfone phthalein, and BTB) is one of the promising candidates for state-of-the-art organic semiconductors, valid for various optoelectronic devices [3].”
RetractedAcid-base responsive probes for mercury(II) ions in aqueous solution
Giacco, T. D., Germani, R., Lucci, G., & TIECCO, M. (2018) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.015 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A rapid and sensitive colorimetric assay for the determination of adenosine kinase activity
Li, Y., Wang, Y., Song, K., Liu, L., Cai, R., Tao, G., Zhao, P., Hai‐Meng, Z. H. O. U., & He, H. (2018) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.152 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Label‐free in situ pH monitoring in a single living cell using an optical nanoprobe
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“A large majority of cellular behaviors, including proliferation (Pouyssegur, Franchi, L’allemain, & Paris, 1985), migration (Denker & Barber, 2002; Meima, Mackley, & Barber, 2007), apoptosis (Schelling & Jawdeh, 2008), as well as tissue scale events, such as muscle contraction, are being influenced…”
BackgroundA Convenient, Rapid, Sensitive, and Reliable Spectrophotometric Assay for Adenylate Kinase Activity
Song, K., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Ding, C., Cai, R., Tao, G., Zhao, P., Xia, Q., & He, H. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24040663 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Bromothymol blue is an excellent indicator as it forms a highly conjugated structure while deprotonated in alkaline solution, resulting in an obvious color change from yellow to blue and the corresponding absorbance change [12].”
BackgroundDrone-Based Localization of Hazardous Chemicals by Passive Smart Dust
Nerger, T., Neumann, P. P., & Weller, M. G. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24196195 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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“…dissolves in the supernatant, resulting in the formation of hydrogen ions, H + , carbonate ions, CO 32 − , and bicarbonate ions, HCO 3 − , which contribute to a pH decrease [38]. of hydrogen ions, H + , carbonate ions, CO 32 − , and bicarbonate ions, HCO − , which contribute to a pH decrease [38].”
Effect of conformation on UV-Vis absorption spectra of disazo reactive red dyes
Xie, X., Li, X., Luo, H., Lei, K., & Li, W. (2016) · Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11859-016-1204-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The ground state geometries of cis-, transand azo conformation were studied by density functional theory (DFT) with BLYP functional, the UV-Vis absorption are calculated by TDDFT method employing B3LYP and PBE0 hybrid functions, and the effect of conformation on UV-vis spectrum is discussed.”
InfluentialMoreno, V. F., dos Santos, G. C., da Costa, G. M. G., Gomes, M. H. A., & da Silva‐Filho, L. C. (2019) · Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jhet.3664 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Néill, C. N., Akdağ, M., Betts, A., & Cassidy, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1080/03067319.2020.1807975 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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BackgroundHydrogel–polymersome composites as a sensing platform for monitoring food spoilage
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Laponite-Enabled Freeform Manufacturing of Tough Hydrogels with Colorimetric pH Sensitivity
Akca, O. Z., Basodan, R. A. M., Flores, F., Park, B., & Chung, H. (2024) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.4c02989 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Probing the Speed Limits of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy with In situ Colorimetric Imaging
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Machine Learning-Based Low-Cost Colorimetric Sensor for pH and Free-Chlorine Measurement
Goyal, C., Malkurthi, S., Yellakonda, K. V. R., & Hussain, A. M. (2024) · IEEE Sensors Letters · doi:10.1109/lsens.2024.3473530 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Total Organic Carbon Analysis Chip Based on Photocatalytic Reaction
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Bioinspired Bilayer Hydrogel Colorimetric Sensor Array for Low-Temperature Food Freshness Analysis
Zhang, Y., Liu, M.-X., Yu, Y., & Chen, S. (2026) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6c01946 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Environmental effect on optical properties of bromothymol blue: experimental and simulation
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“Its color changes from yellow in acidic solutions (pH = 6, λ max ~ 430 nm) to blue in basic solutions pH = 8, λ max ~ 615 nm), and green in neutral solutions (De Meyer et al. 2014; Kumar Sha et al. 2023).”
Neog, D., Das, A., Mahanta, R., & Hazarika, S. (2025) · Results in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102614 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kinetics and mechanism of pH responsive cationic desorption from poly(vinyl alcohol)-borate hydrogel
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Effect of water matrix on sulfate radical behavior during BTB degradation by activated persulfate
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“10), leading to the formation of nitrogen dioxide radicals ( NO 2∙− ) [74] , and a decrease in SR concentration.”
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Study of Disappearing ink Writings on Different Types of Documents
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“When ink is applied on paper, the ink composition begins to change qualitatively and quantitatively: the solvents migrate into the paper and evaporate, the dyes fade, and the resins polymerize [9].”
BackgroundLab-on-paper: fusion with foil and inkjet printing
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An experimental study on production of intelligent textile by using ionocromic materials
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- Authors
- De Meyer, T., Hemelsoet, K., Van Speybroeck, V., & De Clerck, K.
- ORCID
- Hemelsoet, Karen
- Venue
- Dyes and Pigments
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 102
- Pages
- 241-250
- ISSN
- 0143-7208 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100613765
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 4.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Dyes and Pigments (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO)
- Research Board of Ghent University (BOF)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
- Keywords
- acid-base indicators, halochromism, substituent effects, absorption spectra, pKa determination, proton affinity, pH sensitivity, dye design, textile sensors
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