Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 919

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol

Lutchmaya, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Raggatt, P., Knickmeyer, R., Manning, J.T.·2004·Early Human Development
DOI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 17

  1. Kondo, 1997, Of fingers, toes and penises, Nature, 390, 29, 10.1038/36234 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Mortlock, 1997, Mutation of Hoxa 13 in hand–foot–genital syndrome, Nat. Genet., 15, 179, 10.1038/ng0297-179 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Manning, 1998, The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinising hormone and oestrogen, Hum. Reprod., 13, 3000, 10.1093/humrep/13.11.3000 · DOI · Paper page
  4. George, 1930, Human finger types, Anat. Rec., 46, 199, 10.1002/ar.1090460210 · doi:10.1002/ar.1090460210
  5. Garn, 1975, Early prenatal attainment of adult metacarpal-phalangeal rankings and proportions, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 43, 327, 10.1002/ajpa.1330430305 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Ronalds, 2002, The ratio of second to fourth digit lengths: a marker of impaired fetal growth?, Early Hum. Dev., 68, 21, 10.1016/S0378-3782(02)00009-9 · DOI
  7. Manning, 2000, The 2nd to 4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences and reproductive success: evidence for sexually antagonistic genes, Evol. Hum. Behav., 21, 163, 10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00029-5 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Manning, 2001, The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length and age at presentation of breast cancer: a link with prenatal oestrogen?, Breast, 10, 355, 10.1054/brst.2001.0284 · DOI
  9. Manning, 1999, Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?, Nature, 399, 214, 10.1038/20341 · DOI
  10. Manning, 2000, The 2nd:4th digit ratio and asymmetry of hand performance in Jamaican children, Laterality, 5, 121, 10.1080/135765000396744 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Manning, 2001, Second to fourth digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for sexual selection in humans, Evol. Hum. Behav., 22, 61, 10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00063-5 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Manning, 2001, The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism, Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 43, 160, 10.1017/S0012162201000317 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Brown, 2002, Masculinized finger length ratios in human males and females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Horm. Behav., 42, 380, 10.1006/hbeh.2002.1830 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Okten, 2002, The ratio of second-and fourth-digit lengths and congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Early Hum. Dev., 70, 47, 10.1016/S0378-3782(02)00073-7 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Williams, 2003, Second to fourth finger ratio and possible precursors of developmental psychopathology in preschool children, Early Hum. Dev., 72, 57, 10.1016/S0378-3782(03)00012-4 · DOI
  16. Finegan, 1991, A window for the study of prenatal sex hormone influences on postnatal development, J. Genet. Psychol., 150, 101, 10.1080/00221325.1989.9914580 · DOI
  17. Midgeon, 1998, Review—sexual differentiation: from genes to gender, Horm. Res., 50, 245, 10.1159/000023285 · DOI

Cited by

See all 919

Metadata

Authors
Lutchmaya, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Raggatt, P., Knickmeyer, R., & Manning, J. T.
Venue
Early Human Development
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-04
Volume
77
Issue
1-2
Pages
23-28
ISSN
0378-3782 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002
OpenAlex
W2010978790
Cited by
919
References
0
FWCI
12.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: 2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002
The paper
Lutchmaya, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Raggatt, P., Knickmeyer, R., & Manning, J. T. (2004). 2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol. Early Human Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.12.002

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.