The self-domestication hypothesis: evolution of bonobo psychology is due to selection against aggression

Hare, Brian; Wobber, Victoria; Wrangham, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.007

Cited by 613Primate Behavior and EcologyAnimal Behavior and ReproductionHuman-Animal Interaction Studies

The self-domestication hypothesis: evolution of bonobo psychology is due to selection against aggression

Hare, Brian, Wobber, Victoria, Wrangham, Richard·2012·Animal Behaviour

DOI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.007

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Domestic dogs exhibit more juvenile morphological traits (e.g. shortened muzzles and smaller canines) than wolves.
“Previous studies have suggested that domestic dogs exhibit more juvenile morphological traits (e.g. shortened muzzles and smaller canines) and social behaviour (e.g. increased play and lower intensity of aggression) than wolves and that the variability of juvenile morphological traits among dog breeds covaries with their signalling behaviour [22–24].”
From Are dark-eyed dogs favoured by humans? Domestication as a potential driver of iris colour difference between dogs and wolves (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
Selection against aggression may contribute to behavioural and phenotypic traits commonly expressed in humans, bonobos and dogs.
“The self-domestication hypothesis argues that selection against aggression may contribute to behavioural and phenotypic traits commonly expressed in humans, bonobos and dogs [24].”
From Are dark-eyed dogs favoured by humans? Domestication as a potential driver of iris colour difference between dogs and wolves (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
The variability of juvenile morphological traits among dog breeds covaries with their signalling behaviour.
“Previous studies have suggested that domestic dogs exhibit more juvenile morphological traits (e.g. shortened muzzles and smaller canines) and social behaviour (e.g. increased play and lower intensity of aggression) than wolves and that the variability of juvenile morphological traits among dog breeds covaries with their signalling behaviour [22–24].”
From Are dark-eyed dogs favoured by humans? Domestication as a potential driver of iris colour difference between dogs and wolves (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
Domestic dogs exhibit more juvenile social behaviour (e.g. increased play and lower intensity of aggression) than wolves.
“Previous studies have suggested that domestic dogs exhibit more juvenile morphological traits (e.g. shortened muzzles and smaller canines) and social behaviour (e.g. increased play and lower intensity of aggression) than wolves and that the variability of juvenile morphological traits among dog breeds covaries with their signalling behaviour [22–24].”
From Are dark-eyed dogs favoured by humans? Domestication as a potential driver of iris colour difference between dogs and wolves (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
The anatomically modern human profile is associated with an overall reduction of sexual dimorphism, which is also associated with domestication.
“This profile is sometimes called ‘feminized’ [21], and is associated with an overall reduction of sexual dimorphism, which is also associated with domestication [25].”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [25]

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A Comparative Study of the Development of Facial Expressions in Canids; Wolf, Coyote and Foxes
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Sexual coercion by male chimpanzees shows that female choice may be more apparent than real
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The role of unconscious selection in the domestication of sheep and goats
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Tension regulation and nonreproductive functions of sex in captive bonobos pan paniscus
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African Apes as Time Machines
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Intra- and Inter-Sexual Aggression By Bonobos in the Context of Mating
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Variation in Male Relationships in Bonobos and Chimpanzees
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Buffer Zones of Territories of Gray Wolves as Regions of Intraspecific Strife
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Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos
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Differences between chimpanzees and bonobos in neural systems supporting social cognition
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Phenotypic differences in behavior, physiology and neurochemistry between rats selected for tameness and for defensive aggression towards humans
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Relations between Unit-Groups of Bonobos at Wamba, Zaire: Encounters and Temporary Fusions
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Pan paniscus. Pigmy chimpanzee from south of the Congo river
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Sexual Behavior of Pan paniscus under Natural Conditions in the Lomako Forest, Equateur, Zaire
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Socio-sexual behavior in Pan paniscus and Pan troglodytes: A comparative study
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Reaching around barriers: the performance of the great apes and 3–5-year-old children
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The brutal elimination of a rival among captive male chimpanzees
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Population biology and ecology of feral dogs in central Italy
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Dominance and its Behavioral Measures in a Captive Group of Bonobos (Pan paniscus)
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Intelligence and evolutionary biology
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Interpreting sex differences in enamel hypoplasia in human and non-human primates: Developmental, environmental, and cultural considerations
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Bonobos of the Lukuru Wildlife Research Project
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Cranial Morphology of Domestic and Wild Canids: The Influence of Development on Morphological Change
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Sexual coercion in primates and humans: an evolutionary perspective on male aggression against females
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Differential Probability of “Coproduction” in Two Species of Macaque (Macaca tonkeana, M. mulatta)
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Death from anthropogenic causes is partially compensatory in recovering wolf populations
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Infanticide in chimpanzees: Review of cases and a new within-group observation from the Kanyawara study group in Kibale National Park
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Severe Aggression Among Female Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
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Man and Wolf: Advances, Issues, and Problems in Captive Wolf Research.
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From Nonhuman to Human Mind
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Dispelling dog dogma: an investigation of heterochrony in dogs using 3D geometric morphometric analysis of skull shape
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Population Dynamics of Wild Bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba
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Breed differences in domestic dogs’ (Canis familiaris) comprehension of human communicative signals
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The Anatomy of Aggression and Its Ritualization in Canidae: a Developmental and Comparative Study
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Multivariate and phylogenetic approaches to understanding chimpanzee and bonobo behavioral diversity
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Kinship and Behavior in Primates
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The cost of sexual attraction: is there a trade-off in female Pan between sex appeal and received coercion?
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Pygmy chimpanzee social organization: Variation with party size and between study sites
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Basal and Stress‐Induced Differences in HPA Axis, 5‐HT Responsiveness, and Hippocampal Cell Proliferation in Two Mouse Lines
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Neural connectivity and cortical substrates of cognition in hominoids
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All Apes Great and Small
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An Allometric Perspective on the Morphological and Evolutionary Relationships between Pygmy (Pan Paniscus) and Common (Pan troglodytes) Chimpanzees
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Variation in dog society: Between resource dispersion and social fl ux
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Mapping Loci for Fox Domestication: Deconstruction/Reconstruction of a Behavioral Phenotype
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The Biology of Violence
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Skeletal evidence of trauma in African apes, with special reference to the gombe chimpanzees
Jurmain, R. D. (1997) · Primates · doi:10.1007/bf02385918 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
What Females Tell Males About Their Reproductive Status: Are Morphological and Behavioural Cues Reliable Signals of Ovulation in Bonobos (Pan paniscus)?
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How bonobos handle hunts and harvests: why share food?
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Skeletal Differences between Pygmy (Pan paniscus) and Common Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
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The relative size of the cranial capacity in primates
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Macachiavellian intelligence: how rhesus macaques and humans have conquered the world
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From Hominoid to Hominid Mind: What Changed and Why?
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Social play and sexual behavior of the bonobo (Pan paniscus) with special reference to flexibility
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Tonkean macaque behaviour from the perspective of the evolution of Sulawesi macaques
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Chimpanzees and bonobos distinguish between risk and ambiguity
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The relation between urinary cortisol levels and social behaviour in captive timber wolves
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Experimental studies of early canid domestication.
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Association and social interactions between strangers and residents in bonobos (Pan paniscus)
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The external genitalia of female pygmy chimpanzees
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Pan paniscus and human evolution
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Population systematics of chimpanzees using molar morphometrics
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Sexual dimorphism in canine shape among extant great apes
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Effect of selection for behavior on pituitary–adrenal axis and proopiomelanocortin gene expression in silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes)
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Bonobos have a more human-like second-to-fourth finger length ratio (2D:4D) than chimpanzees: a hypothesized indication of lower prenatal androgens
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The effect of handling time on temporal discounting in two New World primates
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An updated description of the New Guinea singing dog (Canis hallstromi, Troughton 1957)
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Changes in Ambient Temperature Trigger Yawning But Not Stretching in Rats
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The “Domestication Syndrome” in Mammals: A Unified Explanation Based on Neural Crest Cell Behavior and Genetics
Wilkins, A. S., Wrangham, R. W., & Fitch, W. T. (2014) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.114.165423 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
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Survival of the Friendliest: <i>Homo sapiens</i> Evolved via Selection for Prosociality
Hare, B. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044201 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
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The evolutionary origin of human hyper-cooperation
Burkart, J. M., Allon, O., Amici, F., Fichtel, C., Finkenwirth, C., Heschl, A., Huber, J., Isler, K., Kosonen, Z. K., Martins, E., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5747 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Two types of aggression in human evolution.
Wrangham, R. W. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1713611115 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Self-citation
Paedomorphic Facial Expressions Give Dogs a Selective Advantage
Waller, B. M., Peirce, K., Caeiro, C. C., Scheider, L., Burrows, A. M., McCune, S., & Kaminski, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082686 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Craniofacial feminization, social tolerance, and the origins of behavioral modernity
Cieri, R. L., Churchill, S. E., Franciscus, R. G., Tan, J., & Hare, B. (2014) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/677209 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
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Theory of mind in animals: current and future directions
Krupenye, C., & Call, J. (2019) · WIREs Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1503 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Comparison of village dog and wolf genomes highlights the role of the neural crest in dog domestication
Pendleton, A. L., Shen, F., Taravella, A. M., Emery, S., Veeramah, K. R., Boyko, A. R., & Kidd, J. M. (2018) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0535-2 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics
Theofanopoulou, C., Gastaldon, S., O’Rourke, T., Samuels, B. D., Messner, A., Martins, P. T., Delogu, F., Alamri, S., & Boeckx, C. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185306 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice
Kondrakiewicz, K., Kostecki, M., Szadzińska, W., & Knapska, E. (2019) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12525 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Evaluating the self‐domestication hypothesis of human evolution
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Hypotheses for the Evolution of Reduced Reactive Aggression in the Context of Human Self-Domestication
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Authors: Hare, B., Wobber, V., & Wrangham, R.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Hare, Brian
ORCID: Wrangham, Richard
Venue: Animal Behaviour
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-03
Volume: 83
Issue: 3
Pages: 573-585
ISSN: 0003-3472 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.007
OpenAlex: W1974621279
Cited by: 613
References: 251
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 45.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Animal Behaviour (publishedVersion)
Funders: European Research Commission Advanced Grant (Agreement 233297)
National Science Foundation (NSF) (NSF-BCS-08-27552, NSF-BCS-25172)
L.S.B. Leakey Foundation Grant (NSF DDIG 0851291)
Wenner-Gren Foundation Grant
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Keywords: bonobos, chimpanzees, domestication syndrome, juvenile development, comparative psychology, mammalian evolution, developmental changes

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