Complications of Type 1 Diabetes
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide and the concern regarding the number of new cases of diabetes relates to the development of chronic complications. It has been recognized for years that the complications are a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide and as such, negatively affect the quality of life in individuals with diabetes with an increase in disability and death. Specifically, the complications of diabetes have been classified as either microvascular (ie, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) or macrovascular (ie, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accidents, and peripheral vascular disease). For purposes of this article, the authors focus on a brief review of the major complications.
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Cardiovascular disease is becoming a more common macrovascular complication as individuals with type 1 diabetes live longer.
“Cardiovascular disease is becoming a more common macrovasular complication as individuals with in type 1 diabetes live longer.106”
From Type 1 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [106]
Cites
Levey, A. S., Bosch, J. P., Lewis, J. B., Greene, T., Rogers, N., Roth, D., & for the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group* (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002 · Cited by 15,079 · see citing works
Projection of Diabetes Burden Through 2050
Boyle, J. P., Honeycutt, A. A., Narayan, K. M. V., Hoerger, T. J., Geiss, L. S., Chen, H., & Thompson, T. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.11.1936 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Boulton, A. J. M., Malik, R. A., Arezzo, J. C., & Sosenko, J. M. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.6.1458 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
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Atkinson, M. A., Eisenbarth, G. S., & Michels, A. W. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60591-7 · Cited by 2,713 · see citing works
Katsarou, A., Gudbjörnsdottir, S., Rawshani, A., Dabelea, D., Bonifacio, E., Anderson, B. J., Jacobsen, L. M., Schatz, D. A., & Lernmark, Å. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.16 · Cited by 1,475 · see citing works
The Role of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase in Immune Suppression and Autoimmunity
Mbongue, J., Nicholas, D., Torrez, T., Kim, N.-S., Firek, A., & Langridge, W. (2015) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines3030703 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
“Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a well-studied prototypic tissue-specific autoimmune disease resulting from auto-reactive lymphocyte destruction of the pancreatic islet insulin-producing -cells [34,134–137].”
BackgroundYazhen, Z., Wenyi, C., Bing, F., & Hongcui, C. (2020) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2019.0421 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
- Authors
- Melendez-Ramirez, L. Y., Richards, R. J., & Cefalu, W. T.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cefalu, William T.
- ORCID
- Cefalu, William T.
- Venue
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 625-640
- ISSN
- 0889-8529 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2129745674
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, diabetes complications, microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, morbidity and mortality, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetic Angiopathies, Diabetic Nephropathies, Diabetic Neuropathies, Humans, Models, Biological
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