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Development of Adrenal Cortex Zonation
Open accessAbstract
The human adult adrenal cortex is composed of the zona glomerulosa (zG), zona fasciculata (zF), and zona reticularis (zR), which are responsible for production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and adrenal androgens, respectively. The final completion of cortical zonation in humans does not occur until puberty with the establishment of the zR and its production of adrenal androgens; a process called adrenarche. The maintenance of the adrenal cortex involves the centripetal displacement and differentiation of peripheral Sonic hedgehog-positive progenitors cells into zG cells that later transition to zF cells and subsequently zR cells.
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“Mean HU scores for pheochromocytoma are 30 to 35 (197) with only 0.5% of pheochromocytoma having an unenhanced CT attenuation of ≤10 HU (97,197,198).”
From Adrenal incidentaloma (2020) · cites this paper as [97]
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“This maturational process generally begins at about age 6 years, several years before activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (gonadarche).9”
From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [9]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Xing, Y., Lerario, A. M., Rainey, W., & Hammer, G. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hammer, Gary D.
- Venue
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 243-274
- ISSN
- 0889-8529 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4486052
- OpenAlex
- W1605945857
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 232
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK020572, R01DK062027)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- adrenal cortex zonation, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis, adrenarche, puberty, Sonic hedgehog, progenitor cells, adrenal androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, adrenal development
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex, Androgens, Cell Differentiation, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Mineralocorticoids, Puberty, Stem Cells, Zona Fasciculata, Zona Glomerulosa, Zona Reticularis, Hedgehog Proteins
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