Influence of sodium intake and change in sodium intake on plasma-renin in man.
Open accessAbstract
Background Low sodium intake stimulates the production and activity of renin. The aim is to analyse the association between a large range of sodium intake and the plasma renin activity (PRA). Methods We performed electronic searches for articles published between January 1st 1946 and March 18th 2020 and updated on January 21st 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) allocating participants to different sodium diets were included. Data were extracted from published reports. Meta-regression analyses of mean PRA versus mean sodium intake estimated by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion were performed. PROSPERO Registration number is CRD42020150355. Findings 93 RCTs (102 interventions) were identified. In populations with usual/high sodium intake PRA was not associated with sodium intake. In populations with low sodium intake this association was mean -2·91 ng/ml/h per 100 mmol sodium (95% CI: -5·41– -0·42) in 60 studies of normotensive populations ( n = 1769) and -1·91 ng/ml/h per 100 mmol sodium (-3·24 – -0·58) in 42 studies of hypertensive populations ( n = 1267). The association of the change in PRA with the change in sodium intake was 1·32 ng/ml/h per 100 mmol sodium (0·47–2·18) in normotensive populations and 0·82 ng/ml/h per 100 mmol sodium (0·39–1·24) in hypertensive populations. Contrasting over-all bias assessments and potential effect modifiers had no independent impact on the sodium-PRA relationship. The variability between studies was considerable (I 2 > 90%). Interpretation The accelerating effect of sodium reduction on PRA towards a sodium intake of zero mmol/24 h probably explains the interstudy variability. Further studies are needed to test whether this stimulating effect on PRA reflects a physiological disadvantage potentially associated with increased mortality Funding None
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While plasma renin activity responses on average are stronger in normotensive than in hypertensive populations, it can be weaker in some individual cases.
“However, while plasma renin activity responses on average are stronger in normotensive than in hypertensive populations (Graudal et al., 2017), it can be weaker in some individual cases (Graudal et al., 2021).”
From Thoroughly Calibrated Modular Agent-Based Model of the Human Cardiovascular and Renal Systems for Blood Pressure Regulation in Health and Disease (2021) · cites this paper as Graudal et al., 2021
The 2021 citation is attached to the claim that PRA responses can be weaker in some individuals. The Discussion reports stronger responses on average in normotensive populations, but says individual study data were unavailable; it does not establish the claimed individual exceptions. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Graudal, N., Hubeck-Graudal, T., & Jurgens, G.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Graudal, Niels
- ORCID
- Graudal, Niels
- Venue
- EClinicalMedicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 33
- Pages
- 100750
- ISSN
- 2589-5370 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8020155
- OpenAlex
- W3127469433
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- EClinicalMedicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- sodium intake, plasma renin activity, renin, sodium restriction, sodium reduction, hypertension, normotension, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, renin-angiotensin system, dietary sodium
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