CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 65COVID-19 epidemiological studiesHomelessness and Social IssuesSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

SARS-Cov-2 prevalence, transmission, health-related outcomes and control strategies in homeless shelters: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access
Mohsenpour, Amir, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, Rohleder, Sven, Stratil, Jan, Costa, Diogo·2021·eClinicalMedicine
DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101032PMC PMC8298932

Published version of a preprint

Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) may be at risk for COVID19. We synthesised evidence on SARS-Cov-2 infection, transmission, outcomes of disease, effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), and the effectiveness of strategies for infection prevention and control (IPC). METHODS: Systematic review of articles, indexed in electronic databases (EMBASE, WHO-Covid19, Web of Science), institutional websites and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's live map of COVID-19 evidence, and published from December 1st, 2019, to March 3rd, 2021. Empirical papers of any study design addressing Covid-19 and health(-related) outcomes in PEH or shelters' staff were included. (PROSPERO-2020-CRD42020187033). FINDINGS: Of 536 publications, 37 studies were included (two modelling, 31 observational, four qualitative studies). Random-effect meta-analysis yields a baseline SARS-Cov-2 prevalence of 2•32% (95% Confidence-Interval, 95%CI=1•30-3•34) in PEH and 1•55% (95%CI=0•79-2•31) in staff. In outbreaks, the pooled prevalence increases to 31•59% (95%CI=20•48-42•71) in PEH and 14•80% (95%CI=10•73-18•87) in staff. Main IPC strategies were universal rapid testing, expansion of non-congregate housing, and in-shelter measures (bed spacing, limited staff rotation, reduction in number of residents). INTERPRETATION: 32% of PEH and 15% staff are infected during outbreaks of SARS-Cov-2 in homeless shelters. Most studies were conducted in the USA. No studies were found quantifying health-related outcomes of NPI. Overview and evaluation of IPC strategies for PEH, a better understanding of disease transmission, and reliable data on PEH within Covid-19 notification systems are needed. Qualitative studies may serve to voice PEH and shelter staff experiences, and guide future evaluations and IPC strategies. FUNDING: None.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101032

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 56

  1. Ayano, 2020, A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of bipolar disorder among homeless people, BMC Public Health, 20, 731, 10.1186/s12889-020-08819-x · DOI
  2. Ayano, 2020, A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among homeless people, Psychiatr Q, 91, 949, 10.1007/s11126-020-09746-1 · DOI
  3. Lewer, 2019, Health-related quality of life and prevalence of six chronic diseases in homeless and housed people: a cross-sectional study in London and Birmingham, England., BMJ Open, 9, 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025192 · DOI
  4. Amore, 2011, The ETHOS definition and classification of homelessness: an analysis, Eur J Homelessness, 5, 19
  5. Tsai, 2020, COVID-19: a potential public health problem for homeless populations, Lancet Public Heal, 5, e186, 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30053-0 · DOI
  6. Maxmen, 2020, Coronavirus is spreading under the radar in US homeless shelters, Nature, 581, 129, 10.1038/d41586-020-01389-3 · DOI
  7. Conway, 2020, COVID-19 in homeless populations: unique challenges and opportunities, Future Virol, 15, 331, 10.2217/fvl-2020-0156 · DOI
  8. Higgins, 2003, Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses, Br Med J, 327, 557, 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Hartfield, 2013, Introducing the Outbreak Threshold in Epidemiology, PLoS Pathog, 9, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003277 · DOI
  10. Ly, 2020, Screening of SARS-CoV-2 among homeless people, asylum-seekers and other people living in precarious conditions in Marseille, France, March–April 2020, Int J Infect Dis
  11. Egger, 1997, Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test, Br Med J, 315, 629, 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Moher, 2009, Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement, PLoS Med, 6, 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Mosites, 2020, Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence in homeless shelters — four U.S. Cities, March 27–April 15, 2020, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, 521, 10.15585/mmwr.mm6917e1 · DOI
  14. Baggett, 2020, Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of a large homeless shelter in Boston, JAMA J Am Med Assoc, 323, 2191, 10.1001/jama.2020.6887 · DOI
  15. Ghinai, 2020, Risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in homeless shelters in Chicago, Illinois - March-May 2020, Open Forum Infect Dis, 7, 10.1093/ofid/ofaa477 · DOI
  16. Hickey, 2020, Viral suppression not decreased during COVID-19 among people with HIV and unstable housing enrolled in a low-barrier clinic-based program (POP-UP), AIDS
  17. Han, 2020, Lessons learnt from easing COVID-19 restrictions: an analysis of countries and regions in Asia Pacific and Europe, Lancet, 396, 1525, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32007-9 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Hsu, 2020, Race/ethnicity, underlying medical conditions, homelessness, and hospitalization status of adult patients with COVID-19 at an urban safety-net medical center — Boston, Massachusetts, 2020, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, 864, 10.15585/mmwr.mm6927a3 · DOI
  19. Jatt, 2020, Widespread severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) laboratory surveillance program to minimize asymptomatic transmission in high-risk inpatient and congregate living settings, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 41, 1331, 10.1017/ice.2020.301 · DOI
  20. Kelly, 2020, Successful public health measures preventing COVID-19 at a Michigan homeless shelter, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 1
  21. Rogers, 2021, Characteristics of COVID-19 in homeless shelters : a community-based surveillance study, Ann Intern Med, 174, 42, 10.7326/M20-3799 · DOI
  22. Spinelli, 2020, Viral suppression rates in a safety-net HIV clinic in San Francisco destabilized during COVID-19, AIDS, 34, 2328, 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002677 · DOI
  23. Tucker, 2020, Behavioral health and service usage during the COVID-19 pandemic among emerging adults currently or recently experiencing homelessness, J Adolesc Health, 67, 603, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.013 · DOI
  24. Marquez, 2020, Response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among people experiencing homelessness in congregant living settings in San Diego, California, Clin Infect Dis
  25. Yoon, 2020, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevalences among people experiencing homelessness and homelessness service staff during early community transmission in Atlanta, Georgia, April–May 2020, Clin Infect Dis
  26. Imbert, 2020, Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in a San Francisco homeless shelter, Clin Infect Dis
  27. Tobolowsky, 2020, COVID-19 outbreak among three affiliated homeless service sites — King County, Washington, 2020, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, 523, 10.15585/mmwr.mm6917e2 · DOI
  28. Henwood, 2020, Surveying tenants of permanent supportive housing in skid row about COVID-19, J Health Care Poor Underserved, 31, 1587, 10.1353/hpu.2020.0120 · DOI
  29. Karb, 2020, Homeless shelter characteristics and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, West J Emerg Med, 21, 10.5811/westjem.2020.7.48725 · DOI
  30. Baggett, 2020, Addressing COVID-19 among people experiencing homelessness: description, adaptation, and early findings of a multiagency response in Boston, Public Health Rep, 135, 435, 10.1177/0033354920936227 · DOI
  31. Ferguson, 2020, Virtual care expansion in the Veterans health administration during the COVID-19 pandemic: clinical services and patient characteristics associated with utilization, J Am Med Inform Assoc
  32. O'Shea, 2021, Pandemic planning in homeless shelters: a pilot study of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing and support program to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings, Clin Infect Dis, 72, 1639, 10.1093/cid/ciaa743 · DOI
  33. Richard, 2021, Testing, infection and complication rates of COVID-19 among people with a recent history of homelessness in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study, CMAJ Open, 9, E1, 10.9778/cmajo.20200287 · DOI
  34. Wang, 2020, Heterogeneity in testing, diagnosis and outcome in SARS-CoV-2 infection across outbreak settings in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada: an observational study, CMAJ Open, 8, E627, 10.9778/cmajo.20200213 · DOI
  35. Ly, 2021, Variations in respiratory pathogen carriage among a homeless population in a shelter for men in Marseille, France, March–July 2020: cross-sectional 1-day surveys, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 10.1007/s10096-020-04127-9 · DOI
  36. Roederer, 2021, Seroprevalence and risk factors of exposure to COVID-19 in homeless people in Paris, France: a cross-sectional study, Lancet Public Health, 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00001-3 · DOI
  37. Ralli, 2021, Asymptomatic patients as a source of transmission of COVID-19 in homeless shelters, Int J Infect Dis, 103, 243, 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.031 · DOI
  38. Ralli, 2020, Assessment of sars-cov-2 infection through rapid serology testing in the homeless population in the city of Rome, Italy. Preliminary results, J Public health Res, 9, 556, 10.4081/jphr.2020.1986 · DOI
  39. Schrooyen, 2021, Homeless people hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brussels, Clin Microbiol Infect, 27, 151, 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.002 · DOI
  40. Martin, 2020, COVID pandemic as an opportunity for improving mental health treatments of the homeless people, Int J Soc Psychiatry
  41. Gombita, 2020, Senior Homeless Population was Covid-19 Free in 3 shelter communities after adapting the Life Island model (Note), Clin Soc Work Heal Interv, 11, 78, 10.22359/cswhi_11_3_12 · DOI
  42. Storgaard, 2020, First wave of COVID-19 did not reach the homeless population in Aarhus, Dan Med J, 67
  43. Finnigan, 2021, Self-reported impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic for people experiencing homelessness in Sacramento, California, J Soc Distress Homelessness, 1
  44. Lewer, 2020, COVID-19 among people experiencing homelessness in England: a modelling study, Lancet Respir Med, 8, 1181, 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30396-9 · DOI
  45. Karb, 2020, Homeless shelter characteristics and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, West J Emerg Med, 21, 1048, 10.5811/westjem.2020.7.48725 · DOI
  46. Baggett, 2020, Addressing COVID-19 among people experiencing homelessness: description, adaptation, and early findings of a multiagency response in Boston, Public Health Rep, 135, 435, 10.1177/0033354920936227 · DOI
  47. Ramaswamy, 2020, Criminal Justice–involved women navigate COVID-19: notes from the field, Health Educ Behav, 47, 544, 10.1177/1090198120927304 · DOI
  48. Marcus, 2020, Harm reduction in an emergency response to homelessness during South Africa's COVID-19 lockdown, Harm Reduct J, 17, 60, 10.1186/s12954-020-00404-0 · DOI
  49. Paula, 2020, No place to shelter: ethnography of the homeless population in the COVID-19 pandemic, Rev Bras Enferm, 73, 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0489 · DOI
  50. Redondo-Sama, 2020, Social work during the COVID-19 crisis: responding to urgent social needs, Sustainability, 12, 1, 10.3390/su12208595 · DOI
  51. Martin, 2021, COVID pandemic as an opportunity for improving mental health treatments of the homeless people, Int J Soc Psychiatry, 67, 335, 10.1177/0020764020950770 · DOI
  52. O'Shea, 2020, Pandemic planning in homeless shelters: a pilot study of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing and support program to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in congregate settings, Clin Infect Dis, 08, 8
  53. Ramaswamy, 2020, Criminal justice-involved women navigate COVID-19: notes from the field, Health Educ Behav, 10.1177/1090198120927304 · DOI
  54. Baggett, 2020, Clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of strategies for adults experiencing sheltered homelessness during the COVID-19 Pandemic, JAMA Netw open, 3, 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28195 · DOI
  55. Mazereel, 2021, COVID-19 vaccination for people with severe mental illness: why, what, and how?, Lancet Psychiatry, 8, 444, 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30564-2 · DOI
  56. De Hert, 2021, Prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination for people with severe mental illness, World Psychiatry, 20, 54, 10.1002/wps.20826 · DOI

Metadata

Authors
Mohsenpour, A., Bozorgmehr, K., Rohleder, S., Stratil, J., & Costa, D.
Affiliations
  • Bielefeld University (DE)
  • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
Corresponding author
Mohsenpour, Amir
ORCID
Venue
eClinicalMedicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-08
Volume
38
Pages
101032
ISSN
2589-5370 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101032
PMC
PMC8298932
OpenAlex
W3185228987
Cited by
65
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 10
FWCI
1.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • EClinicalMedicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homelessness and Social Issues
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, homelessness, homeless shelters, infection prevalence, disease transmission, infection control, non-pharmaceutical interventions, shelter staff, outbreak, rapid testing, health outcomes

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review