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Suicide rates amongst individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Troya, M.Isabela, Spittal, Matthew J., Pendrous, Rosina, Crowley, Grace, Gorton, Hayley C, Russell, Kirsten, Byrne, Sadhbh, Musgrove, Rebecca +3 more·2022·eClinicalMedicine
DOI 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101399PMC PMC9065636
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Abstract

Background: Existing evidence suggests that some individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds are at increased risk of suicide compared to their majority ethnic counterparts, whereas others are at decreased risk. We aimed to estimate the absolute and relative risk of suicide in individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds globally. Methods: Databases (Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo) were searched for epidemiological studies between 01/01/2000 and 3/07/2020, which provided data on absolute and relative rates of suicide amongst ethnic minority groups. Studies reporting on clinical or specific populations were excluded. Pairs of reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. We used random effects meta-analysis to estimate overall, sex, location, migrant status, and ancestral origin, stratified pooled estimates for absolute and rate ratios. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020197940. Findings: > 98%) between studies for all pooled estimates. Interpretation: The homogeneous grouping of individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds is inappropriate. To support suicide prevention in marginalised groups, further exploration of important contextual differences in risk is required. It is possible that some ethnic minority groups (for example those from indigenous backgrounds) have higher rates of suicide than majority populations. Funding: No specific funding was provided to conduct this research. DK is funded by Wellcome Trust and Elizabeth Blackwell Institute Bristol. Matthew Spittal is a recipient of an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (project number FT180100075) funded by the Australian Government. Rebecca Musgrove is funded by the NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (PSTRC-2016-003).

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  • Indigenous young people in many countries (eg, Australia, Canada, the USA, and India) have substantially higher rates of suicide than the general population.

    “Indigenous young people in many countries (eg, Australia, Canada, the USA, and India) have substantially higher rates of suicide than the general population.”

    From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health (2024) · cites this paper as [43]

    The Discussion reports substantially higher suicide risk for Indigenous populations overall (RR 2.8), supporting the general comparison. The Results table includes youth studies in Australia, Canada, and the USA, but lists the India study as covering all ages; the cited passages do not establish elevated rates specifically among Indigenous young people across all four named countries. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Authors
Troya, M. I., Spittal, M. J., Pendrous, R., Crowley, G., Gorton, H. C., Russell, K., Byrne, S., Musgrove, R., Hannam-Swain, S., Kapur, N., & Knipe, D.
Affiliations
  • University College Cork (IE)
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
  • University of Chester (GB)
  • University of Bristol (GB)
  • University of Huddersfield (GB)
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
  • Trinity College Dublin (IE)
  • Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
  • Sheffield Hallam University (GB)
  • University of Manchester (GB)
Corresponding author
Knipe, Duleeka
ORCID
Venue
eClinicalMedicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-05
Volume
47
Pages
101399
ISSN
2589-5370 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101399
PMC
PMC9065636
OpenAlex
W4225158852
Cited by
48
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4
FWCI
1.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • EClinicalMedicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) (acceptedVersion)
  • Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) (acceptedVersion)
  • SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) (acceptedVersion)
  • ChesterRep (University of Chester) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Australian Government
  • Australian Research Council (FT180100075)
  • NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (PSTRC-2016-003)
  • Wellcome Trust
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
suicide rates, ethnic minorities, suicide risk, migrant status, ancestral origins, indigenous peoples, suicide prevention, marginalised groups

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