The remote environmental assessment laboratory's acoustic library: An archive for studying soundscape ecology
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The Normalized Difference Soundscape Index (NDSI) separates biophony from anthropophony, which is useful for determining how much of the soundscape is masked by traffic, ships, or other human noise.
“Other metrics, like the Normalized Difference Soundscape Index (NDSI), tease apart biophony from anthropophony—especially handy when trying to pin down how much of the soundscape is being masked by traffic, ships, or other human noise”
From Listening forward: emerging roles of bioacoustics in ecology, evolution, and conservation (2026) · cites this paper as Kasten et al. 2012
Cites
Soundscape Ecology: The Science of Sound in the Landscape
Pijanowski, B. C., Villanueva-Rivera, L. J., Dumyahn, S. L., Farina, A., Krause, B. L., Napoletano, B. M., Gage, S. H., & Pieretti, N. (2011) · BioScience · doi:10.1525/bio.2011.61.3.6 · Cited by 1,334 · see citing works
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Guidelines for the use of acoustic indices in environmental research
Bradfer‐Lawrence, T., Gardner, N., Bunnefeld, L., Bunnefeld, N., Willis, S. G., & Dent, D. H. (2019) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.13254 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Acoustic indices as proxies for biodiversity: a meta‐analysis
Alcocer, I., Lima, H., Sugai, L. S. M., & Llusia, D. (2022) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/brv.12890 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Cryptic species conservation: a review
Hending, D. (2025) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/brv.13139 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Using acoustic indices in ecology: Guidance on study design, analyses and interpretation
Bradfer‐Lawrence, T., Desjonqueres, C., Eldridge, A., Johnston, A., & Metcalf, O. (2023) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.14194 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Utility of acoustic indices for ecological monitoring in complex sonic environments
Ross, S. R. P.-J., Friedman, N. R., Yoshimura, M., Yoshida, T., Donohue, I., & Economo, E. P. (2021) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107114 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Acoustic indices applied to biodiversity monitoring in a Costa Rica dry tropical forest
Retamosa Izaguirre, M. I., & Ramírez-Alán, O. (2018) · Journal of Ecoacoustics · doi:10.22261/jea.tnw2np · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The role of freshwater bioacoustics in ecological research
Greenhalgh, J. A., Genner, M. J., Jones, G., & Desjonquères, C. (2020) · WIREs Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1416 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Gao, X., & Hao, Z. (2024) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111759 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Acoustic indices respond to specific marine mammal vocalizations and sources of anthropogenic noise
Ferguson, E. L., Clayton, H. M., & Sakai, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1025464 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Soundscape components inform acoustic index patterns and refine estimates of bird species richness
Quinn, C. A., Burns, P., Hakkenberg, C. R., Salas, L., Pasch, B., Goetz, S. J., & Clark, M. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Remote Sensing · doi:10.3389/frsen.2023.1156837 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the effects in alpha acoustic indices
Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xia, C., Pape Møller, A., & 1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, C. O. L. S. (2023) · Biodiversity Science · doi:10.17520/biods.2022369 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Quantifying and mitigating recorder-induced variability in ecological acoustic indices
Luna-Naranjo, D., Martínez, J. D., Sánchez-Giraldo, C., Daza, J. M., & López, J. D. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.16.562620 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Listening forward: emerging roles of bioacoustics in ecology, evolution, and conservation
Zsebők, S. (2026) · Biologia Futura · doi:10.1007/s42977-026-00322-5
- Authors
- Kasten, E. P., Gage, S. H., Fox, J., & Joo, W.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kasten, Eric P.
- Venue
- Ecological Informatics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 50-67
- ISSN
- 1574-9541 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057914072
- Cited by
- 408
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 7.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ecological Informatics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Music and Audio Processing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology › Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Research Data Management Practices
- Keywords
- soundscape ecology, digital libraries, species census, biodiversity measurement, human disturbance, acoustic signal analysis, unsupervised learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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