Soundscape Ecology: The Science of Sound in the Landscape
Abstract
This article presents a unifying theory of soundscape ecology, which brings the idea of the soundscape—the collection of sounds that emanate from landscapes—into a research and application focus. Our conceptual framework of soundscape ecology is based on the causes and consequences of biological (biophony), geophysical (geophony), and human-produced (anthrophony) sounds. We argue that soundscape ecology shares many parallels with landscape ecology, and it should therefore be considered a branch of this maturing field. We propose a research agenda for soundscape ecology that includes six areas: (1) measurement and analytical challenges, (2) spatial-temporal dynamics, (3) soundscape linkage to environmental covariates, (4) human impacts on the soundscape, (5) soundscape impacts on humans, and (6) soundscape impacts on ecosystems. We present case studies that illustrate different approaches to understanding soundscape dynamics. Because soundscapes are our auditory link to nature, we also argue for their protection, using the knowledge of how sounds are produced by the environment and humans.
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Ecoacoustics reframes habitats as complex soundscapes made up of biophony, geophony, and anthrophony.
“Ecoacoustics reframes habitats as complex soundscapes made up of biophony, geophony, and anthrophony”
From Listening forward: emerging roles of bioacoustics in ecology, evolution, and conservation (2026) · cites this paper as Pijanowski et al. 2011
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Self-citationRobust, real‐time and autonomous monitoring of ecosystems with an open, low‐cost, networked device
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Analysis of the relationships between environmental noise and urban morphology
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CityNet—Deep learning tools for urban ecoacoustic assessment
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Pijanowski, B. C., Villanueva-Rivera, L. J., Dumyahn, S. L., Farina, A., Krause, B. L., Napoletano, B. M., Gage, S. H., & Pieretti, N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- BioScience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 203-216
- ISSN
- 0006-3568 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-3244
- OpenAlex
- W2136738044
- Cited by
- 1,334
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 122 · 2025: 166 · 2024: 119 · 2023: 130 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 117 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 118 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 79 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 64.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BioScience (publishedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research information system (University of Urbino) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Purdue University
- Michigan State University
- College of Engineering, Michigan State University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Noise Effects and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology › Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sound Studies and Aurality
- Keywords
- soundscape ecology, soundscape, biophony, geophony, anthrophony, landscape ecology, spatiotemporal dynamics, environmental variables
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