The effects of the Kalamazoo Promise on college choice

Andrews, Rodney J.; DesJardins, Stephen; Ranchhod, Vimal

doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.05.004

Cited by 90Higher Education Research StudiesSchool Choice and PerformanceIntergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies

The effects of the Kalamazoo Promise on college choice

Andrews, Rodney J., DesJardins, Stephen, Ranchhod, Vimal·2010·Economics of Education Review

DOI 10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.05.004

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.05.004

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Multiple researchers have concluded that the Kalamazoo, Pittsburgh, New Haven, and Knox Achieves promise programs have increased enrollment, persistence, and completion.
“Multiple researchers have concluded find that the Kalamazoo, Pittsburgh, New Haven, and Knox Achieves promise programs have increased enrollment, persistence, and completion (Andrews, DesJardins & Ranchhod, 2010;Gonzalez, et al., 2014;Swanson & Ritter, 2020;Bartik, et al., 2021;Carruthers, et al., 2020;Page, et al., 2019;Daugherty & Gonzalez, 2016;Bozick, et al., 2015;Bell & Gandara, 2021;Ruiz, et”
From College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions (2022) · cites this paper as Andrews, DesJardins & Ranchhod, 2010
The Conclusion reports that the Kalamazoo Promise increased students’ interest in Michigan colleges, measured through ACT score-report choices—not college enrollment, persistence, or completion. The enrollment increase mentioned in the Methodology concerns the Kalamazoo public-school district, not postsecondary enrollment. Our copy provides no findings on the claimed college outcomes or on the other named programs. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences Estimates?
Bertrand, M., Duflo, E., & Mullainathan, S. (2004) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355304772839588 · Cited by 10,641 · see citing works
Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference
Ho, D. E., Imai, K., King, G., & Stuart, E. (2007) · Political Analysis · doi:10.1093/pan/mpl013 · Cited by 4,411 · see citing works
An Illustration of a Pitfall in Estimating the Effects of Aggregate Variables on Micro Units
Moulton, B. R. (1990) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/2109724 · Cited by 2,567 · see citing works
Matching to remove bias in observational studies
Rubin, D. B. (1973) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529684 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Student Price Response in Higher Education
Heller, D. E. (1997) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.1997.11779004 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Matching to Remove Bias in Observational Studies
Rubin, D. B. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511810725.007 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
College Entry by Blacks since 1970: The Role of College Costs, Family Background, and the Returns to Education
Kane, T. J. (1994) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/261958 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Hope for Whom? Financial Aid for the Middle Class and Its Impact on College Attendance
Dynarski, S. (2000) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w7756 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Student Price Response in Higher Education
Leslie, L. L., & Brinkman, P. T. (1987) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.1987.11778239 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
The Enrollment Effects of Merit‐Based Financial Aid: Evidence from Georgia’s HOPE Program
Cornwell, C. M., Mustard, D. B., & Sridhar, D. J. (2006) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/506485 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Going to War and Going to College: Did World War II and the G.I. Bill Increase Educational Attainment for Returning Veterans?
Bound, J., & Turner, S. (2002) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/342012 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Hope for Whom? Financial Aid for the Middle Class and Its Impact on College Attendance
Dynarski, S. (2000) · National Tax Journal · doi:10.17310/ntj.2000.3s.02 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Student Price Response in Higher Education: An Update to Leslie and Brinkman
Heller, D. E. (1997) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.2307/2959966 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
The Behavioral and Distributional Implications of Aid for College
Dynarski, S. (2002) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282802320189401 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Student Price Response in Higher Education: The Student Demand Studies
Leslie, L. L., & Brinkman, P. T. (1987) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.2307/1981241 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Would the Elimination of Affirmative Action Affect Highly Qualified Minority Applicants? Evidence from California and Texas
Card, D., & Krueger, A. B. (2005) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.1177/001979390505800306 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Modeling the College Application Decision Process in a Land-Grant University
DesJardins, S. L., Dündar, H., & Hendel, D. D. (1999) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7757(98)00023-5 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evaluating the Impact of the D.C. Tuition Assistance Grant Program
Kane, T. J. (2004) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w10658 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Financial Aid and Students' College Decisions: Evidence from the District of Columbia's Tuition Assistance Grant Program
Abraham, K. G., & Clark, M. A. (2003) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w10112 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Evaluating the Impact of the D.C. Tuition Assistance Grant Program
Kane, T. J. (2007) · Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.xlii.3.555 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
In-state versus out-of-state students: the divergence of interest between public universities and state governments
Groen, J. A., & White, M. J. (2003) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2003.07.005 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Logit estimation of a gravity model of the college enrollment decision
Leppel, K. (1993) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/bf00991851 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
A comparative analysis of the demand for higher education: results from a meta-analysis of elasticities
Gallet, C. A. (2007) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Financial Aid and Students’ College Decisions: Evidence from the District of Columbia Tuition Assistance Grant Program
Abraham, K. G., & Clark, M. A. (2006) · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Improving college access in the United States: Barriers and policy responses
Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2016) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2016.02.009 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
The academic impact of natural disasters: evidence from L’Aquila earthquake
Pietro, G. D. (2017) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645292.2017.1394984 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
What Does Free Community College Buy? Early Impacts from the Oregon Promise
Gurantz, O. (2019) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.22157 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Effects of the Kalamazoo Promise Scholarship on College Enrollment and Completion
Bartik, T. J., Hershbein, B. J., & Lachowska, M. (2019) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.3368/jhr.56.1.0416-7824r4 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The Effects of the Kalamazoo Promise Scholarship on College Enrollment, Persistence, and Completion
Bartik, T. J., Hershbein, B. J., & Lachowska, M. (2015) · doi:10.17848/wp15-229 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions
Dynarski, S., Page, L., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2022) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w30275 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Improving College Access in the United States: Barriers and Policy Responses
Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2015) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w21781 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
A Primer for Interpreting and Designing Difference-in-Differences Studies in Higher Education Research
Furquim, F., Corral, D., & Hillman, N. (2019) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11743-6_5-1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Promise scholarship programs as place-making policy: Evidence from school enrollment and housing prices
LeGower, M., & Walsh, R. (2017) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jue.2017.06.001 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
ThePromiseof Place-Based Investment in Postsecondary Access and Success: Investigating the Impact of the Pittsburgh Promise
Page, L. C., Iriti, J. E., Lowry, D., & Anthony, A. M. (2018) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp_a_00257 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Politics of Designing Tuition-Free College: How Socially Constructed Target Populations Influence Policy Support
Bell, E. (2020) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2019.1706015 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Using a Merit-Based Scholarship Program to Increase Rates of College Enrollment in an Urban School District: The Case of the Pittsburgh Promise
Bozick, R. N., Gonzalez, G. C., & Engberg, J. (2015) · Journal of Student Financial Aid · doi:10.55504/0884-9153.1552 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
A Primer for Interpreting and Designing Difference-in-Differences Studies in Higher Education Research
Furquim, F., Corral, D., & Hillman, N. (2020) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31365-4_5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Education Research and Administrative Data
Figlio, D., Karbownik, K., & Salvanes, K. G. (2016) · Handbook of the economics of education · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63459-7.00002-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
College costs, financial aid, and student decisions
Dynarski, S., Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2023) · Handbook of the economics of education · doi:10.1016/bs.hesedu.2023.03.006 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Education Research and Administrative Data
Figlio, D., Karbownik, K., & Salvanes, K. G. (2015) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w21592 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Estimating the Spillover Effects of the Tennessee Promise: Exploring Changes in Tuition, Fees, and Enrollment
Bell, E. (2021) · Journal of Student Financial Aid · doi:10.55504/0884-9153.1725 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Higher Education Funding Revolution: An Exploration of Statewide Community College “Free Tuition” Programs
Davidson, C. T., Ashby‐King, D. T., & Sciulli, L. J. (2018) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2018.1558135 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Evaluating the Effects of Universal Place‐Based Scholarships on Student Outcomes: The Buffalo “Say Yes to Education” Program
Bifulco, R., Rubenstein, R., & Sohn, H. (2019) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.22139 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Effect of Participating in Indiana’s Twenty-first Century Scholars Program on College Enrollments
Toutkoushian, R. K., Hossler, D., DesJardins, S. L., McCall, B. P., & Canché, M. S. G. (2015) · Review of higher education/The review of higher education · doi:10.1353/rhe.2015.0042 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citation
Start to Finish: Examining the Impact of the El Dorado Promise Program on Postsecondary Outcomes
Swanson, E., & Ritter, G. W. (2020) · Journal of Student Financial Aid · doi:10.55504/0884-9153.1703 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The Impact of the New Haven Promise Program on College Enrollment, Choice, and Persistence
Daugherty, L., & Gonzalez, G. C. (2016) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/wr1147 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Do in-state tuition benefits affect the enrollment of non-citizens? Evidence from universities in Texas
Dickson, L. M., & Pender, M. (2013) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.08.006 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Promises Fulfilled? A Systematic Review of the Impacts of Promise ProgramsPreprint
Swanson, E., Watson, A. R., Ritter, G. W., & Nichols, M. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2849194 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A Second Look at Enrollment Changes after the Kalamazoo Promise
Hershbein, B. J. (2013) · doi:10.17848/wp13-200 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Merits of Universal Scholarships: Benefit-Cost Evidence from the Kalamazoo Promise
Bartik, T. J., Hershbein, B. J., & Lachowska, M. (2016) · Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis · doi:10.1017/bca.2016.22 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
College Scholarships as a Tool for Economic Development? Evidence From the Kalamazoo Promise
Miller, A. (2017) · Economic Development Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0891242417747704 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Short-Term Effects of the Kalamazoo Promise Scholarship on Student Outcomes
Bartik, T. J., & Lachowska, M. (2013) · New Analyses of Worker Well-Being · doi:10.1108/s0147-9121(2013)0000038002 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Short-Term Effects of the Kalamazoo Promise Scholarship on Student Outcomes
Bartik, T. J., & Lachowska, M. (2012) · doi:10.17848/wp12-186 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Trends and Perspectives on Finance Equity and the Promise of Community Colleges
Dowd, A. C., Rosinger, K. O., & Castro, M. F. (2020) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31365-4_7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Viability of Tuition-Free Community College
Ison, M. P. (2020) · Educational Policy · doi:10.1177/0895904820951119 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Geospatial Analysis in Higher Education Research
Hillman, N. (2017) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48983-4_11 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Promise Scholarship Programs as Place-Making Policy: Evidence from School Enrollment and Housing Prices
LeGower, M., & Walsh, R. (2014) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w20056 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Does Free Community College Improve Student Outcomes? Evidence From a Regression Discontinuity Design
Bell, E. (2021) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/0162373721993149 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A Second Look at Enrollment Changes after the Kalamazoo PromisePreprint
Hershbein, B. J. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2288684 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Start to Finish: Examining the Impact of the El Dorado Promise on Postsecondary OutcomesPreprint
Swanson, E., & Ritter, G. W. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3153153 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The schooling and labor market effects of eliminating university tuition in Ecuador
Molina, T., & Camino, I. R. (2021) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104383 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
College Enrollment and Mandatory FAFSA Applications: Evidence from Louisiana
Deneault, C. (2023) · American Economic Journal Economic Policy · doi:10.1257/pol.20210360 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Local-level, place-based scholarships: a review of the literature
Anderson, C. (2019) · Educational Review · doi:10.1080/00131911.2019.1619520 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Designing Sustainable Funding for College Promise Initiatives
Millett, C. M. (2017) · ETS Research Report Series · doi:10.1002/ets2.12161 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Conversing With Kalamazoo Promise Scholars: An Inquiry Into the Beliefs, Motivations, and Experiences of Tuition-Free College Students
Collier, D., & Parnther, C. (2018) · Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice · doi:10.1177/1521025118774561 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Impact of the Kalamazoo Promise on College Choice: An Analysis of Kalamazoo Area Math and Science Center Graduates
Miller-Adams, M., & Timmeney, B. F. (2013) · doi:10.17848/pol2015-014 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Delivering On the Promise: Structuring College Promise Programs to Promote Higher Education Attainment for Students from Underserved Groups
Perna, L. W. (2016) · Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Partnering for a Promise: Institutional Logics and a Community College District’s Response to a Promise Program Partnership
Kunkle, K. (2022) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2022.2037478 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Democratization and Diversion: The Effect of Missouri's A+ Schools Program on Postsecondary Enrollment
Muñoz, J., Harrington, J. R., Curs, B. R., & Ehlert, M. W. (2016) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1353/jhe.2016.0030 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
A Quest for Equity? Measuring the Effect of QuestBridge on Economic Diversity at Selective Institutions
Furquim, F., & Glasener, K. M. (2016) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-016-9443-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Promise of Place-Based Investment in College Access and Success: Investigating the Impact of the Pittsburgh PromisePreprint
Page, L. C., Iriti, J. E., Lowry, D., & Anthony, A. M. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3071727 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student DecisionsPreprint
Dynarski, S., Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4171452 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Functioning or Dysfunctioning? The Effects of Performance-Based Funding
Ra, E., Kim, J., Hong, J., & Desjardins, S. L. (2022) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/01623737221094563 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Is the Early Promise of Money Enough? Examining High School Students’ College Knowledge and Choice in a Promise Scholarship Program
Reavis, T. B. (2022) · Journal of Student Financial Aid · doi:10.55504/0884-9153.1728 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Designing the Promise: The Salt Lake Community College Promise Program
Taylor, J. L., & Lepper, C. W. (2018) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2018.1443046 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Whose Last Dollar? Estimating the Effects of Promise Programs on Financial Aid Awards
Odle, T. K., Wright-Kim, J. M., & Castrejón, A. (2025) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2025.2455332 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Trends and Perspectives on Finance Equity and the Promise of Community Colleges
Dowd, A. C., Rosinger, K. O., & Castro, M. F. (2020) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11743-6_7-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Difference-in-Difference Analysis of Shifts in Postsecondary Institution Spending Patterns in Response to “Promise” Financial Aid Programs
Delaney, J. A., & Hemenway, B. (2022) · Educational Policy · doi:10.1177/08959048211049431 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Increasing College Going by Incentivizing Savings: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Italy
Martini, A., Azzolini, D., Romano, B., & Vergolini, L. (2020) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.22260 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Impact of the Kalamazoo Promise on College Choice: An Analysis of Kalamazoo Area Math and Science Center Graduates
Miller-Adams, M., & Timmeney, B. F. (2013) · doi:10.17848/pol2013-014 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Short-Term Effects of the Kalamazoo Promise Scholarship on Student OutcomesPreprint
Bartik, T. J., & Lachowska, M. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2142427 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Pilot Study of Drayton Valley’s Zero-Fee Tuition Program
Ormandy, M., Ferdinands, A. R., Nesdoly, A., & Mayan, M. J. (2023) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2023.2295485 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Merits of Universal Scholarships: Benefit-Cost Evidence from the Kalamazoo Promise
Bartik, T. J., Hershbein, B. J., & Lachowska, M. (2016) · doi:10.17848/wp16-252 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Matching Potential with Promise: How Oklahoma’s Promise Shapes Academic Undermatch
Bell, E., Skinner, B. T., Smith, K., & Morales, O. (2025) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2025.2497186 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Free College For All: The Impact Of Promise Programs On College Access And Success
Billings, M. S. (2018) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Merits of Universal Scholarships: Benefit-Cost Evidence from the Kalamazoo PromisePreprint
Bartik, T. J., Hershbein, B. J., & Lachowska, M. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2744756 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
How powerful are promises? A comprehensive review of the causal mechanisms and outcomes of ‘free college' programs in the United States
Monaghan, D. B. (2024) · Policy Reviews in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/23322969.2024.2436923 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
How Well Do Students Understand “Free Community College”? Promise Programs as Informational Interventions
Monaghan, D. B. (2023) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584231166948 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Mixed Methods Exploration of Students' Experiences of Taking Part in a Tuition Assistance Program in Rural Alberta, Canada
Ferdinands, A. R., Ormandy, M., & Mayan, M. J. (2024) · Theory & Practice in Rural Education · doi:10.3776/tpre.2024.v14n1p127-155 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
WITHDRAWN: Improving college access in the United States: A comprehensive review
Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2015) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2015.09.001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Retracted
Inside the Black Box: A Difference-in-Difference Analysis of Shifts in Postsecondary Institution Spending Patterns in Response to “Promise” Financial Aid ProgramsPreprint
Delaney, J. A., & Hemenway, B. (2021) · doi:10.31124/advance.14999937.v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The effect of exit exams on college enrollment : a state level analysis
Kyoore, J. E. (2019) · doi:10.32469/10355/72209 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Assessing Atlanta’s Placed-Based College Scholarship
Bueno, C., Page, L. C., & Smith, J. (2024) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584241287459 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Does Free College “Work” for Adults? Enrollment Impacts of Michigan Reconnect
Duke, S., & Odle, T. K. (2025) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x251393204 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
How Do Place-Based Scholarships Affect Student Borrowing and Academic Outcomes? Lessons from Atlanta
Bueno, C., Mawi, Z. E., Page, L. C., & Smith, J. (2026) · Education Finance and Policy · doi:10.1162/edfp.a.444 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Overview of Economic Reasoning and Terminology
Toutkoushian, R. K., & Paulsen, M. B. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7506-9_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Promise Scholarship Programs and Local Prosperity
Miller-Adams, M. (2018) · doi:10.17848/pol2018-019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Seeing Success
Morrice, J. M. (2015) · doi:10.31979/etd.8fv7-j4kw · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Inside the Black Box: A Difference-in-Difference Analysis of Shifts in Postsecondary Institution Spending Patterns in Response to "Promise" Financial Aid ProgramsPreprint
Delaney, J. A., & Hemenway, B. (2021) · doi:10.31124/advance.14999937 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Essays on public economics
LeGower, M. (2014) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
The Merits of Universal Scholarships: Benefit-Cost Evidence from the Kalamazoo Promise Upjohn Institute Working Paper 16-252
Bartik, T. J., Hershbein, B. J., & Lachowska, M. (2016)
Interactions between Federal Education Tax Credits and State-Based Aid Programs: An Analysis of State Budgeting for Higher Education
Bartel, A. C. (2020) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.5166
What Does it Mean to “Have the Means”?: Increasing Historically Marginalized Students’ Access to Capital and Academic Success
Joshi, E. H. (2020)
A Second Look at Enrollment Changes after the Kalamazoo Promise
Hershbein, B. J. (2013) · Employment Research · doi:10.17848/1075-8445.20(3)-1
ENROLLMENT
(2012) · Higher Education Abstracts · doi:10.1111/j.2150-1092.2011.00033_12.x
Does Free Tuition Cool Off the Cool Out? Evidence From a National Sample
Sublett, C. (2019) · American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting (AERA) · doi:10.3102/1432879
The Effects of Credit Rationing on Reenrollment Rates at the University of Cape Town, South Africa
Branson, N. (2019) · American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting (AERA) · doi:10.3102/1431467
Promise Zones: Assessing Treatment Effects in KalamazooPreprint
Beasley, W. J., & Alam, M. J. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4513624
Understanding institutionally supported free college programs
Carrier, J. W., Scull, W. R., Perkins, M. A., & Schaffer, J. M. (2023) · New Directions for Community Colleges · doi:10.1002/cc.20585
Does Free Tuition Help or Hinder the Poor? Evidence from ChilePreprint
Martin, A. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4780393
Place-Based Scholarships: Treatment Effects from the Kalamazoo PromisePreprint
Alam, M. J., & Beasley, W. J. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4923066
Place-based scholarships: an updated assessment of property value impacts from the Kalamazoo promise
Beasley, W. J., & Alam, J. (2025) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2025.2504191
MAKING CHOICES: THE INFLUENCE OF THE PITTSBURGH PROMISE ON THECOLLEGE-GOING DECISIONS OF PITTSBURGH PUBLIC AND CHARTERSCHOOL STUDENTS
Mistretta, M. A. (2014) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Economics of education pathways: A special issue in memory and honor of Dr. Rodney J. Andrews
Cortes, K. E., Imberman, S. A., Lovenheim, M., & Stange, K. (2026) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2026.102836

Authors: Andrews, R. J., DesJardins, S., & Ranchhod, V.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
University of Michigan (US)
University of Cape Town (ZA)
Corresponding author: Andrews, Rodney J.
ORCID: DesJardins, Stephen
Ranchhod, Vimal
Venue: Economics of Education Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-10
Volume: 29
Issue: 5
Pages: 722-737
ISSN: 0272-7757 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.05.004
OpenAlex: W2090764868
Cited by: 90
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 15.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Economics of Education Review (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town) (submittedVersion)
Funders: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
Wayne State University
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
Keywords: Kalamazoo Promise, tuition subsidies, college choice, tuition-free education, public school graduates, college affordability, low-income students, urban regeneration

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The effects of the Kalamazoo Promise on college choice

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks