Sources of variation in life cycle assessments of smartphones and tablet computers
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Nine impact categories emerge as more critical for the environmental profile of smartphones.
“Although the study covers a comprehensive set of 16 environmental impact indicators, nine impact categories emerge as more critical owing to their relevance to the environmental profile of smartphones (Clément et al. 2020;Sánchez et al. 2024).”
From Integrating Life Cycle Assessment, Monetised Externalities and Value Alignment for Strategic Reconfiguration of Circular Business Models: The Case of Smartphones (2026) · cites this paper as Clément et al. 2020
The Introduction (p. 3) explicitly limits this study to global warming potential over 100 years (GWP100). Its analysis does not assess 16 indicators or identify nine critical impact categories for smartphones. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn smartphones, upstream processes, particularly extraction of raw materials and energy-intensive manufacturing of components, dominate the overall product footprint.
“In the case of smartphones, numerous studies identify upstream processes, particularly the extraction of raw materials and the energyintensive manufacturing of components, to dominate the overall product footprint (Clément et al. 2020;Cordella et al. 2021).”
From Integrating Life Cycle Assessment, Monetised Externalities and Value Alignment for Strategic Reconfiguration of Circular Business Models: The Case of Smartphones (2026) · cites this paper as Clément et al. 2020
Section 3.1.1 (p. 9) reports that production accounts for 70 ± 12% of smartphones’ greenhouse-gas footprint. Sections 3.2.1 (p. 13) and 5 (p. 25) identify component manufacturing, particularly integrated circuits, as an important contributor with substantial electricity use. The paper does not establish that raw-material extraction itself dominates, and its findings concern greenhouse-gas impact rather than every measure of product footprint. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Cites
The Energy and Carbon Footprint of the Global ICT and E&M Sectors 2010–2015
Malmodin, J., & Lundén, D. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10093027 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Service lifetime, storage time, and disposal pathways of electronic equipment: a swiss case study
Thiébaud (‐Müller), E., Hilty, L. M., Schluep, M., Widmer, R., & Faulstich, M. (2018) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/jiec.12551 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
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Rittershaus, P., Aryan, V., Sánchez, D., Renner, M., & Poeppelbuss, J. (2026) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.70271 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Clément, L.-P. P.-V. P., Jacquemotte, Q. E. S., & Hilty, L. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Namur (BE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Clément, Louis-Philippe P.-V.P.
- ORCID
- Hilty, Lorenz M.
- Venue
- Environmental Impact Assessment Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 84
- Pages
- 106416
- ISSN
- 0195-9255 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3037182476
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 3.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.zora.uzh.ch
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Impact Assessment Review (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DORA Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- Universität Zürich
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Green IT and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability
- Keywords
- smartphones, tablet computers, global warming potential, integrated circuits, production phase, electricity mix, life cycle inventory, environmental impact of electronics
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