Relationships between education and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
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INTRODUCTION: Individuals with lower levels of education are at a higher risk of developing various health conditions due to limited access to healthcare and unhealthy lifestyle choices. However, the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and educational level remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an independent relationship between NAFLD and educational level as a surrogate marker for socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 8,727 participants from the Paracelsus 10,000 study. The association between NAFLD and educational level was assessed using multivariable logistic regression models and multivariable linear regression. The primary endpoints were NAFLD (FLI score > 60) and liver fibrosis (FIB-4 score > 1.29). Further subgroup analysis with liver stiffness measurement was done. RESULTS: In the study, NAFLD prevalence was 23% among participants with high education, 33% among intermediate, and 40% among those with low education (p<0.01). Importantly, a significantly reduced risk of NAFLD was observed in individuals with higher education, as indicated by an adjusted relative risk of 0.52 (p < 0.01). Furthermore, higher education level was associated with significantly lower odds of NAFLD and fibrosis. Additionally, a subgroup analysis revealed that higher liver stiffness measurements were independently associated with lower levels of education. CONCLUSION: The study's findings indicate that a lower education level increases the risk of NAFLD independent of confounding factors. Therefore, these findings highlight the potential impact of educational attainment on NAFLD risk and emphasize the need for targeted interventions in vulnerable populations.
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MASLD is impacted by socioeconomic inequities, which are related to greater obesity prevalence, lower nutritional quality and lower physical activity.
“Furthermore, MASLD is impacted by socioeconomic inequities, which are related to greater obesity prevalence, lower nutritional quality and lower physical activity. 37 -39”
From EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). (2024) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Koutny, F., Aigner, E., Datz, C., Gensluckner, S., Maieron, A., Mega, A., Iglseder, B., Langthaler, P., Frey, V., Paulweber, B., Trinka, E., & Wernly, B.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsklinikum St. Pölten (AT)
- Paracelsus Medical University (AT)
- Ospedale di Bolzano (IT)
- University of Salzburg (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Wernly, Bernhard
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-12
- Volume
- 118
- Pages
- 98-107
- ISSN
- 0953-6205 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4385481487
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 9.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, liver fibrosis, liver stiffness measurement, NAFLD prevalence, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Risk Factors, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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