Synthesis and evaluation of clioquinol-rolipram/roflumilast hybrids as multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract
Considering the importance of PDE4D inhibition and the modulation of biometals in Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics, we have designed, synthesized and evaluated a series of new clioquinol-rolipram/roflumilast hybrids as multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of AD. In vitro studies demonstrated that some of the molecules processed remarkable inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), strong intracellular antioxidant capacity, potent inhibition of metal-induced aggregation of Aβ, and potential blood-brain barrier permeability. Compound 7a demonstrated significant improvement in cognitive and spatial memory in an Aβ 25-35-induce mouse model in Morris water-maze test (MWM). These results indicate that compound 7a is a promising multifunctional candidate that is worthy of further study.
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PDE4 inhibitors include roflumilast, an oral small compound that selectively inhibits PDE4, an enzyme involved in controlling cAMP levels, and may lessen inflammation and increase neuronal survival.
“PDE4 inhibitors, which are oral small compounds that selectively inhibit PDE4, an enzyme involved in controlling cAMP levels, include roflumilast (15, Figure 5), which may lessen inflammation and increase neuronal survival [177,178,179,180].”
From Recent Advances in Therapeutics for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2024) · cites this paper as [179]
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- Authors
- Hu, J., Pan, T., An, B., Li, Z., Li, X., & Huang, L.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Xingshu
- Huang, Ling
- Venue
- European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 163
- Pages
- 512-526
- ISSN
- 0223-5234 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2903836847
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 4.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21772241, 21302235)
- Guangdong High-Level Personnel of Special Support Program-Young Top-Notch Talent Project (2015TQ01R244)
- The Guangzhou Pearl River New Star Fund Science and Technology Planning Project (201610010111)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phosphodiesterase function and regulation
- Keywords
- clioquinol, rolipram, roflumilast, multi-target-directed ligands, Alzheimer's disease, biometals, amyloid-beta aggregation, blood-brain barrier permeability, cognitive impairment, spatial memory
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Aminopyridines, Animals, Benzamides, Cyclopropanes, Humans, Clioquinol, Ligands, Drug Design, Rolipram, Mice, Rats, Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
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