World Federation of Orthodontists guidelines for postgraduate orthodontic education
Open accessAbstract
Advanced dental education programs in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics require an extensive and comprehensive evidence-based experience, which must be representative of the current didactic and technical advancements. Over the past 25 years, the World Federation of Orthodontists (WFO) has placed emphasis in the support for the recognized orthodontic specialty training programs in every region of the world. In its early years, the WFO developed general principles for specialty education that culminated in the first comprehensive curriculum recommendations, i.e., the WFO Guidelines for Postgraduate Orthodontic Education, which was published in February 2009. In view of the significant changes in the specialty of orthodontics, the WFO has revised and updated its previous document to reflect the expanded scope and demands of current orthodontic education and practice. The members of the task force participated in a thorough revision of the guidelines and created a new document that takes into consideration the didactic, clinical, and the appropriate physical facilities to provide clinical care, study, and research areas. Although it is recognized that there will be variations in teaching and faculty assets, as well as facilities, access to materials, and equipment, the aim of the WFO Educational Guidelines is to provide the minimum program requirements necessary to provide orthodontic specialty residents the educational experience that prepares them to deliver the best level of orthodontic treatment for their patients. It is recommended that these guidelines be used universally by orthodontic specialty program educators and related educational, scientific, and administrative institutions to evaluate and compare their curriculum to a world standard.
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The WFO Guidelines for postgraduate orthodontic residency programs recommend that curricula include research methodology, thesis/grant writing, evidence-based dentistry, and the role of evidence in orthodontics.
“The WFO Guidelines for postgraduate orthodontic residency programs recommend that curriculum encompasses specific research components such as research methodology, thesis/grant writing, evidence-based dentistry, and role of evidence in orthodontics.32”
From Overview of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network and Its Impact on Orthodontics (2026) · cites this paper as [32]
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Outstanding, yet redundant? After all, you may be another Choluteca Bridge!
Venugopal, A., Vaiid, N., & Bowman, S. J. (2021) · Seminars in Orthodontics · doi:10.1053/j.sodo.2021.03.007 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Huggare, J. Å., Derringer, K., Eliades, T., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjt059 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The history of orthodontic education: A century of development and debate
Will, L. A. (2015) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.09.004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Vaiid, N. (2014) · APOS Trends in Orthodontics · doi:10.4103/2321-1407.125741 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
World Federation of Orthodontists (WFO) Guidelines for Postgraduate Orthodontic Education.
Athanasiou, A. E., Darendeliler, M. A., Eliades, T., et al. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacteristics of an excellent orthodontic residency program
Allareddy, V., Shin, K., Marshall, S. D., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.10.026 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Thom, A. R., Graber, L. W., Maplethorp, F. A., et al. (2020) · Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists · doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2020.09.005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationOrthodontic board certifications: Global perspectives, challenges, and evolving trends
Pangrazio-Kulbersh, V., Machado-Cruz, R., Liou, E. J., et al. (2022) · Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists · doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2022.01.003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, J. H., Putrus, R. R., Pruzansky, D. P., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.08.022 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Overview of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network and Its Impact on Orthodontics
Allareddy, V., Mungia, R., Lee, M. K., Oubaidin, M., & Gilbert, G. H. (2026) · Seminars in Orthodontics · doi:10.1053/j.sodo.2025.06.009
- Authors
- Ono, T., Pangrazio-Kulbersh, V., Perillo, L., Artese, F., Czochrowska, E., Darendeliler, M. A., Dugoni, S., Bajaire, W. E. F., Liou, E., Park, J. H., Rice, D. P., Zaher, A., Athanasiou, A. E., Graber, L. W., & Vaid, N. R.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (JP)
- University of Detroit Mercy (US)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Medical University of Warsaw (PL)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- University of the Pacific (US)
- Fundación Universitaria San Martín (CO)
- Chang Gung University (TW)
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Alexandria University (EG)
- European University Cyprus (CY)
- Saveetha University (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Perillo, Letizia
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-04
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 41-49
- ISSN
- 2212-4438 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4353049674
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 16.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Dental Education, Practice, Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Keywords
- curriculum guidelines, dentofacial orthopedics, clinical facilities, faculty resources, curriculum evaluation
- MeSH terms
- Orthodontists, Curriculum, Education, Dental, Graduate, Humans, Orthodontics
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