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Cited by 2Orthodontics and Dentofacial OrthopedicsDental Education, Practice, ResearchHealth Sciences Research and Education

Overview of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network and Its Impact on Orthodontics

Open access
Allareddy, Veerasathpurush, Mungia, Rahma, Lee, Min Kyeong, Oubaidin, Maysaa, Gilbert, Gregg H.·2026·Seminars in Orthodontics
DOI 10.1053/j.sodo.2025.06.009PMC PMC12337857
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Abstract

The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network is one of the largest and most successful dental PBRNs. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the network, which is in its third 7-year round of funding and has conducted 58 studies to date with over 8,000 members enrolled. The network provides resources and opportunities to engage clinicians in practice-based participatory research.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1053/j.sodo.2025.06.009

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

20 of 39 cited sources checked · 2 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Findingcitation

    The Network has conducted 58 studies since its inception in 2005.

    “Since its inception in 2005, the Network has conducted 58 studies that have covered a broad range of topics.16,17.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [16] Gilbert, 2022, Structure, function, and productivity from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J Clin Transl Sci source

      The Abstract’s Results report 58 studies across a broad range of topics, and the Methods date the Network’s inception to 2005. However, the 58 include studies still in data collection or development, so the source does not establish that all 58 had been conducted. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [17] The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Publications: peer-reviewed publications Available at: http://www.NationalDentalPBRN.org/Peer-Reviewed-Publications/. Accessed 27 May 2025.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Findingcitation

    The Network has demonstrated consistent success over two decades in implementing a wide range of study designs with diverse practitioners and patients across different practice settings.

    “The Network has demonstrated consistent success over the past two decades in implementing a wide range of study designs involving a diverse range of practitioners and patients across different practice settings.30”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [30] Mungia, 2024, Recruitment strategies and retention rates for five National Dental PBRN studies, J Clin Transl Sci source

      The Introduction says the Network has operated since 2005, and the Study Design and Discussion sections document successful recruitment and retention in national studies involving practitioners and patients across several practice types and regions. But the paper evaluates studies from 2012–2019, not consistent success across the full two decades, and it does not establish success with a wide range of study designs. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingcitation

    Every manuscript from the National Anterior Open Bite Study had several practitioners as co-authors.

    “every manuscript that resulted from the National Anterior Open Bite study had several practitioners (both academic and private practice) serve as co-authors.18–24”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim5 of 7 sources checked
    • cites [18] Choi, 2018, The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network adult anterior open bite study: a description of the practitioners and patients, Angle Orthod source

      The Introduction identifies this as the first article from the Adult Anterior Openbite Study, and the Results describe participating practitioners from both private-practice and academic settings. Neither passage establishes that those practitioners were co-authors, or that every manuscript from the study had several practitioner co-authors. (LLM, conf=0.72)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [19] Huang, 2019, The national dental practice-based research network adult anterior open bite study: treatment recommendations and their association with patient and practitioner characteristics, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop source
    • cites [20] Finkleman, 2020, The national dental practice-based research network adult anterior open bite study: patient satisfaction with treatment, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop source

      The Introduction identifies this paper as one manuscript from the Adult Anterior Openbite Study and names other publications from the study; this paper has multiple co-authors. Our copy does not establish that several co-authors were practitioners in both academic and private practice, or that every manuscript from the study had such co-authors. (LLM, conf=0.68)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [21] Todoki, 2020, The national dental practice-based research network adult anterior open bite study: treatment success, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop source

      The Acknowledgements thank practitioners for making this study possible, but do not identify them as co-authors. The References list other Anterior Open Bite Study papers, but our copy does not establish the authorship of every manuscript or whether both academic and private-practice practitioners co-authored them. Searched for co-authors, manuscript authorship, and practice affiliations. (LLM, conf=0.72)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [22] Gu, 2022, Anterior openbite malocclusion in adults, Angle Orthod source

      The Methods and Results describe practitioners participating in this National Anterior Open Bite Study, and the Acknowledgments thank them. Neither passage identifies practitioners as co-authors or distinguishes academic from private-practice authors. Our copy does not establish the claim about every manuscript (searched: co-authors, author affiliations, private practice). (LLM, conf=0.70)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [23] Greenlee, 2024, Treatment acceptance in adult patients with anterior open bite: a National Dental Practice-Based Research Network study, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop source
    • cites [24] Greenlee, 2025, Treatment outcomes and short-term stability in adult anterior openbite patients treated with or without extractions: a National Dental Practice-Based Research Network study, Angle Orthod source

      The Introduction identifies this as a manuscript from the Network Anterior Openbite Study, and Materials and Methods describes practitioners participating in the research. Neither passage establishes that those practitioners were co-authors, identifies their academic or private-practice roles, or addresses authorship across every study manuscript. Searches for author affiliations, practitioner co-authors, and acknowledgments found no passage settling the claim. (LLM, conf=0.72)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingcitation

    The largest prospective cohort clinical study on anterior open bites was conducted in the Network during its second funding cycle (2012-2019).

    “The largest prospective cohort clinical study on anterior open bites was done in the Network during the second cycle of funding (2012 to 2019).18–24”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim5 of 7 sources checked
    • cites [18] Choi, 2018, The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network adult anterior open bite study: a description of the practitioners and patients, Angle Orthod source

      The Introduction describes a National Dental PBRN adult anterior open-bite study launched in 2015, with enrollment, end-of-treatment, and one-year posttreatment phases. The Results report 347 eligible patients. The paper does not establish that it was the largest prospective cohort study or identify 2012–2019 as the Network’s second funding cycle. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [19] Huang, 2019, The national dental practice-based research network adult anterior open bite study: treatment recommendations and their association with patient and practitioner characteristics, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop source
    • cites [20] Finkleman, 2020, The national dental practice-based research network adult anterior open bite study: patient satisfaction with treatment, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop source

      The Introduction (page not available) identifies a large prospective cohort study of adult anterior open bite launched in the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network in 2015. It does not establish that the study was the largest or identify 2012–2019 as the Network’s second funding cycle. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [21] Todoki, 2020, The national dental practice-based research network adult anterior open bite study: treatment success, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop source

      The study description (page not supplied) calls this a large prospective cohort study of adult anterior open bite patients launched in 2015, and the Methods identify recruitment through the National Dental PBRN. Our copy does not establish that it was the largest such study or identify 2012–2019 as the Network’s second funding cycle. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [22] Gu, 2022, Anterior openbite malocclusion in adults, Angle Orthod source

      The Introduction (page not available) identifies the Network’s anterior-open-bite study as a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study initiated in 2015. The Results report recruitment in 2015–2016 and follow-up data through 2018. Our copy does not establish that it was the largest such study or identify 2012–2019 as the Network’s second funding cycle. (LLM, conf=0.85)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [23] Greenlee, 2024, Treatment acceptance in adult patients with anterior open bite: a National Dental Practice-Based Research Network study, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop source
    • cites [24] Greenlee, 2025, Treatment outcomes and short-term stability in adult anterior openbite patients treated with or without extractions: a National Dental Practice-Based Research Network study, Angle Orthod source

      The Introduction identifies the Network Anterior Openbite Study as a multicenter, prospective cohort study of adults with anterior openbite. The Materials and Methods section reports data collection from October 2016 to December 2017, but the copy does not establish that this was the largest such study or identify a second funding cycle spanning 2012–2019. (LLM, conf=0.85)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingcitation

    On average, Network publications have received 38% more citations than typical NIH-funded studies after adjustment for years since publication and field.

    “On average, the publications have had 38% higher citations than a typical NIH-funded study after adjustment for years since publication and field of endeavor.16”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [16] Gilbert, 2022, Structure, function, and productivity from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J Clin Transl Sci source

      The Methods (Measures of Scientific Productivity; page not provided) define the Relative Citation Ratio as adjusted for field and publication year and benchmarked against a typical NIH-funded paper. The Results (Publication Productivity; page not provided) report a mean ratio of 1.40 for Network publications, implying about 40% more citations—not the claimed 38%. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 16
  • May combine two claims. 8

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The WFO Guidelines for postgraduate orthodontic residency programs recommend that curricula include research methodology, thesis/grant writing, evidence-based dentistry, and the role of evidence in orthodontics.

    “The WFO Guidelines for postgraduate orthodontic residency programs recommend that curriculum encompasses specific research components such as research methodology, thesis/grant writing, evidence-based dentistry, and role of evidence in orthodontics.32”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [32] Ono, 2023, World Federation of Orthodontists guidelines for postgraduate orthodontic education, J World Fed Orthod source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    Findings from Quick Polls have led to multiple peer-reviewed publications and provided preliminary data for grants and future clinical studies.

    “Findings from these Quick Polls have resulted in multiple peer-reviewed publications while also providing preliminary data for grants and future clinical studies.26–28”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim3 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [26] Kau, 2021, Management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: preliminary qualitative findings from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J World Fed Orthod source

      The “Quick Poll” section describes the poll as preliminary work intended to inform a later full-scale clinical study, and this paper itself reports findings from one such poll. Our copy does not establish that Quick Polls produced multiple peer-reviewed publications or provided preliminary data for grants; it describes a future study as an expectation, not an outcome. (LLM, conf=0.85)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [27] Therese Galang-Boquiren, 2022, Dental Sleep Medicine among dental practitioners: preliminary findings from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network, J Dent Sleep Med source

      The Methods section identifies this paper as reporting a Quick Poll and says findings from preliminary polls are expected to inform the design of future full-scale clinical studies. It therefore supports this publication as an example and the potential use of poll findings for future research. Our copy does not say the findings provided data for grants or that future studies have already used them. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [28] Mungia, 2025, Dental practitioner approaches to bruxism: preliminary findings from the national dental practice-based research network, Cranio source

      The Materials and Methods section says Quick Polls gather preliminary data to guide further research, and the Discussion says this poll collected sufficient data to inform future studies. This paper is an example of a publication based on a Quick Poll, but our copy does not establish that Quick Poll findings produced multiple peer-reviewed publications or provided preliminary data for grants. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The Network is currently in its third seven-year funding cycle.

    “Currently, the Network is in its third seven-year cycle of funding.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Network publications have received over 3,000 citations and have an H-index of 29.

    “Network publications have resulted in over 3,000 citations with an H-index of 29.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Orthodontists have participated in multiple Quick Polls conducted by the Network.

    “orthodontists have also participated in multiple “Quick Polls” (brief 5-question surveys)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The Network sought feedback from American Association of Orthodontists members to identify high-priority research areas, which led to the National Anterior Open Bite Study.

    “the Network sought feedback from the members of American Association of Orthodontists to identify high priority areas of research and this resulted in the development of the National Anterior Open Bite Study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingreasoning

    The Network uniquely enables member dentists and dental specialists without academic affiliation to participate actively in research at any career stage.

    “The Network uniquely enables member dentists and dental specialists without academic affiliation access to active research participation, whether by suggesting study ideas or participating in studies through the Network at any point in their professional career.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    As of May 2025, the Network had 8,680 members.

    “As of May 2025, the total Network membership stands at 8680 members.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingcitation

    The number of primary care PBRNs in the United States increased from 28 in 1994 to 173 in 2015.

    “the number of primary care PBRNs in the United States increased from 28 in 1994 to 173 in 2015.38–40”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [38] Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. History and Funding of PBRNs. WWW link is https://www.ahrq.gov/ncepcr/communities/pbrn/history/index.html#ref-1. Accessed 6 June 2025.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [39] 2005, Primary care practice-based research comes of age in the United States, Ann Fam Med

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [40] Niebauer, 1994, Primary care practice-based research networks active in North America, J Fam Pract

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingcitation

    These primary care PBRNs involved close to 30,000 practices and over 153,000 clinicians.

    “These PBRNs involved close to 30,000 practices and over 153,000 clinicians.38,41”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [38] Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. History and Funding of PBRNs. WWW link is https://www.ahrq.gov/ncepcr/communities/pbrn/history/index.html#ref-1. Accessed 6 June 2025.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [41] Temple-Smith, 2017, Practice-based research networks, Austr Fam Phys

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The Network has received continuous NIH/NIDCR funding since 2005.

    “has been continuously funded by NIH/NIDCR since 2005.14,15”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [14] The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. About the Network. WWW link is https://www.nationaldentalpbrn.org/. Accessed 27 May 2025.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [15] National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Research: grant applicants Available at: https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/research/clinical-trials/grant-applicants. Accessed 27 May 2025.

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Practice-Based Research Networks are optimal settings for conducting research in the real world of clinical practice where most care is provided.

    “Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRN) are optimal settings for research to be conducted in the real world of clinical practice where the majority of care is provided.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Most clinical care is provided in real-world clinical practice settings rather than in academic centers.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The Network has been highly successful in conducting multiple specialty-based studies in areas including endodontics, periodontics, prosthodontics, and orthodontics.

    “The Network has been highly successful in conducting multiple specialty-based studies in Endodontics, Periodontics, Prosthodontics, Orthodontics, etc.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The Network has implemented research processes uniformly without significantly affecting clinicians' daily operations and practice patterns.

    “Nevertheless, the Network has been able to implement the research processes in a uniform manner without significantly affecting the daily operations and practicing patterns of clinicians.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Engaging with the Network during residency prepares future clinicians for lifelong participatory research and evidence-based dentistry.

    “Engaging with the Network while developing research skills and well before graduating from their residency program, future clinicians will be ready for life-long engagement in participatory research and contribute to evidence-based dentistry in their daily clinical practice.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The Network has facilitated multiple highly impactful studies over the past two decades.

    “The Network, the largest dental practice-based research network in the world, has facilitated conduct of multiple highly impactful studies over the past two decades”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Network research coordinators and staff have worked closely with practitioners to standardize data collection and outcome assessments.

    “The Network research coordinators and staff have worked closely with practitioners to standardize data collection and outcomes assessments.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The Network's research output demonstrates a strong influence on publishing highly impactful research and advancing science.

    “This clearly demonstrates the tremendous influence that the Network had on publishing highly impactful research and moving science forwards.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationnone given

    PBRNs provide a solid framework and support system for conducting participatory clinical research and generating evidence for everyday clinical decisions.

    “practice-based research networks provide a solid framework and support system for conducting participatory clinical research and generating evidence for enabling clinicians to make everyday decisions.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    New knowledge from dental PBRN studies can be implemented immediately in clinical practice and help dentists in everyday clinical decision making.

    “New knowledge stemming from these studies can be implemented immediately in clinical practice and help dentists in everyday clinical decision making.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    PBRN settings are ideal for breaking down siloed approaches among stakeholders and facilitating practice-based change.

    “PBRN settings are ideal for breaking the traditional siloed approach of different stakeholders in the clinical practice ecosystem and facilitate promotion of practice-based change.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
21 of 21

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Most clinical care is provided in real-world clinical practice settings rather than in academic centers.

    “where the majority of care is provided”
    “where the overwhelming majority of clinical care occurs”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Academic researchers do not always collaborate with private practitioners, so findings from clinical trials may not be easily implemented in private practice.

    “Researchers in academic settings do not always collaborate with practitioners in private practice settings. Consequently, what is learned through clinical trials may not be easily implemented in private practices.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There is a shortage of research conducted in the real world of clinical practice where most clinical care occurs.

    “There is a paucity of research conducted in the real world of clinical practice where the overwhelming majority of clinical care occurs.”
3 of 3

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Orthodontists are not a majority of specialists

    Minor

    The paper reports 439 orthodontists among 1,310 specialists. That is about one-third, not a majority, although orthodontists may be the largest specialty group.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 37 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Allareddy, V., Mungia, R., Lee, M. K., Oubaidin, M., & Gilbert, G. H.
Affiliations
  • University of Illinois Chicago (US)
  • The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
  • University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
Corresponding author
Allareddy, Veerasathpurush
ORCID
Venue
Seminars in Orthodontics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2026-04
Volume
32
Issue
2
Pages
331-337
ISSN
1073-8746 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1053/j.sodo.2025.06.009
PMC
PMC12337857
OpenAlex
W4411967813
Semantic Scholar
152e046eaf8c6fa6ca4d9b5187ed1d88f2650c14
Cited by
0
References
37
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Seminars in Orthodontics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • NIDCR (U19-DE-28717)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Dental Education, Practice, Research
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
Keywords
practice-based research networks, dental research, orthodontics, anterior open bite, participatory research, clinician engagement

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-09-28.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-09-28.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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