The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Data-driven state of charge estimation for lithium-ion battery packs based on Gaussian process regression
Abstract
Abstract Since a battery pack consists of hundreds of cells in series and parallel, inconsistencies between cells make it difficult to create an explicit model to simulate its behaviors effectively. Therefore, the widely used and sophisticated model-based methods (such as Kalman filters) are difficult to apply to SOC (state of charge) estimation of battery packs. In this paper, a data-driven method based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) is proposed to provide a feasible solution. Its superiority includes the ability to approximate nonlinearity accurately, nonparametric modeling, and probabilistic predictions. First, a feature extraction strategy, including data preprocessing, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis, is employed to obtain a compacted input set with a high correlation with SOC. Second, the squared exponential kernel function is used, and the automatic relevance determination is applied to optimize the weights of features. Third, besides the regular GPR model, an autoregressive GPR model is also constructed to further improve estimation accuracy and confidence. The experimental results verify that the autoregressive model has better SOC estimation performance than the regular model, and its estimation error under different dynamic cycles, temperatures, aging conditions, and even extreme conditions is lower than 3.9%, and the confidence interval is also much narrower.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Some methodologies, including fuzzy adaptive federated filtering[125] and GPR[60], have been developed to address these challenges.”
From Advancements in the estimation of the state of charge of lithium-ion battery: a comprehensive review of traditional and deep learning approaches (2025) · cites this paper as [60]
Citations
Cites
Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning
Rasmussen, C. E., & Williams, C. K. I. (2005) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3206.001.0001 · Cited by 11,705
A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles
Lu, L., Han, X., Li, J., Hua, J., & Ouyang, M. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.10.060 · Cited by 4,837
Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV battery packs
Plett, G. L. (2004) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.02.033 · Cited by 1,768
A tutorial on Gaussian process regression: modelling, exploring, and exploiting functions
Schulz, E., Speekenbrink, M., & Krause, A. (2018) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2018.03.001 · Cited by 1,735
Data-driven health estimation and lifetime prediction of lithium-ion batteries: A review
Li, Y., Liu, K., Foley, A. M., Zülke, A., Berecibar, M., Nanini-Maury, E., Van Mierlo, J., & Hoster, H. E. (2019) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109254 · Cited by 1,193
Waag, W., Fleischer, C., & Sauer, D. U. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.064 · Cited by 1,059
Xing, Y., He, W., Pecht, M., & Tsui, K. L. (2014) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.07.008 · Cited by 977
State estimation for advanced battery management: Key challenges and future trends
Hu, X., Feng, F., Liu, K., Zhang, L., Xie, J., & Liu, B. (2019) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109334 · Cited by 857
Self-citationYang, D., Zhang, X., Pan, R., Wang, Y., & Chen, Z. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.03.015 · Cited by 765
Data Preprocessing For Supervised Leaning
Kotsiantis, S. B., Kanellopoulos, D. N., & Pintelas, P. (2007) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1082415 · Cited by 669
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Plett GL. Efficient battery pack state estimation using bar-delta filtering. Conference Efficient battery pack state estimation using bar-delta filtering.
- Liu X, He Y, Chen Z. State-of-Charge estimation for power Li-ion battery pack using V min-EKF. Conference State-of-Charge estimation for power Li-ion battery pack using V min-EKF. IEEE, p. 27-31.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 423
Hu, C., Ma, L., Guo, S., Guo, G., & Han, Z. (2022) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.123404 · Cited by 65
A comparison between physics-based Li-ion battery models
Ali, H. A. A., Raijmakers, L. H. J., Chayambuka, K., Danilov, D. L., Notten, P. H. L., & Eichel, R. (2024) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144360 · Cited by 65
Guo, R., & Shen, W. (2022) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.124270 · Cited by 63
Khan, K. A., & Khalid, M. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051144 · Cited by 63
Attention-based encoder-decoder networks for state of charge estimation of lithium-ion battery
Wu, L., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.126665 · Cited by 64
State estimation of lithium-ion battery for shipboard applications: Key challenges and future trends
Kong, L., Luo, Y., Fang, S., Niu, T., Chen, G., Yang, L., & Liao, R. (2024) · Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation · doi:10.1016/j.geits.2024.100192 · Cited by 64
Coppitters, D., Paepe, W. D., & Contino, F. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120692 · Cited by 60
Vogt, H. H., de Melo, R. R., Daher, S., Schmuelling, B., Antunes, F. L. M., dos Santos, P. A., & Albiero, D. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.102744 · Cited by 59
Data-Driven Methods for the State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries: An Overview
Eleftheriadis, P., Giazitzis, S., Leva, S., & Ogliari, E. (2023) · Forecasting · doi:10.3390/forecast5030032 · Cited by 59
Multi-dimensional features based data-driven state of charge estimation method for LiFePO4 batteries
Liu, M., Xu, J., Jiang, Y., & Mei, X. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.127407 · Cited by 59
Wei, M., Ye, M., Zhang, C., Li, Y., Zhang, J., & Wang, Q. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.129086 · Cited by 58
Zhang, S., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Science China Technological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11431-021-1837-0 · Cited by 57
Yi, Y., Xia, C., Shi, L., Meng, L., Chi, Q., Qian, L., Ma, T., & Chen, S. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.130541 · Cited by 55
Sun, B., Pan, J., Wu, Z., Xia, Q., Wang, Z., Ren, Y., Yang, D., Guo, X., & Feng, Q. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232432 · Cited by 55
Hu, C., Cheng, F., Zhao, Y. L., Guo, S., & Ma, L. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.110004 · Cited by 54
Wu, L., Wei, X., Lin, C., Huang, Z., Fan, Y., Liu, C., & Fang, S. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.116205 · Cited by 55
Small sample state of health estimation based on weighted Gaussian process regression
Sheng, H., Liu, X., Bai, L., Dong, H., & Cheng, Y. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.102816 · Cited by 54
Empirical Electrical and Degradation Model for Electric Vehicle Batteries
Saldaña, G., Martín, J. I. S., Zamora, I., Asensio, F. J., Onederra, O., & González-Pérez, M. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3019477 · Cited by 58
Zhao, T., Song, C., Lu, S.-F., & Ling, X. (2022) · Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering · doi:10.1007/s00603-022-02964-y · Cited by 51
Qiu, X., Wang, S., & Chen, K. (2023) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110281 · Cited by 52
Ali, M. A., Silva, C. M. D., & Amon, C. H. (2023) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries9090434 · Cited by 57
Coppitters, D., Verleysen, K., Paepe, W. D., & Contino, F. (2022) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118694 · Cited by 52
Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries via an EIS based deep learning approach
Li, J., Zhao, S., Miah, M. S., & Niu, M. (2023) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2023.10.030 · Cited by 49
Khalid, A., & Sarwat, A. I. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3061478 · Cited by 47
Wang, Y., Zhong, H., Li, J., & Zhang, W. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103235 · Cited by 47
Shah, S. A. A., Niazi, S. G., Deng, S., Azam, H., Yasir, K. M. M., Kumar, J., Xu, Z., & Wu, M. (2023) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233788 · Cited by 49
Mahmoudi, S. M., Maleki, A., & Ochbelagh, D. R. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.104015 · Cited by 47
Hadraoui, H. E., Ouahabi, N., Bazi, N. E., Laayati, O., Zegrari, M., & Chebak, A. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3441517 · Cited by 54
Khan, M. W., & Wang, J. (2021) · International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems · doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107346 · Cited by 46
Alipour, M., Sander-Tavallaey, S., Andersson, A. M., & Brandell, D. (2022) · ChemPhysChem · doi:10.1002/cphc.202100829 · Cited by 46
Battery States Monitoring for Electric Vehicles Based on Transferred Multi-Task Learning
Che, Y., Zheng, Y., Wu, Y., Lin, X., Li, J., Hu, X., & Teodorescu, R. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3260466 · Cited by 45
Self-citationLife-cycle parameter identification method of an electrochemical model for lithium-ion battery pack
Yu, H., Li, J., Ji, Y., & PECHT, M. G. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103591 · Cited by 44
Liu, H., Deng, Z., Yang, Y., Lu, C., Li, B., Liu, C., & Cheng, D. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.107270 · Cited by 45
Self-citationAhn, J., Lee, Y., Han, B., Lee, S., Kim, Y., Chung, D., & Jeon, J. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.136134 · Cited by 48
Fang, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhang, H., Xu, W., Wang, L.-S., Shen, X., Yun, F., Cui, Y., Wang, L., & Zhang, X. (2021) · IET Power Electronics · doi:10.1049/pel2.12129 · Cited by 46
SOC estimation for lithium-ion battery based on AGA-optimized AUKF
Fan, X., Feng, H., Yun, X., Wang, C., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109689 · Cited by 43
Fu, S., Liu, W., Luo, W., Zhang, Z., Zhang, M., Wu, L., Luo, C., Lv, T., & Xie, J. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.104175 · Cited by 43
Zhu, T., Wang, W., & Yu, M. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.127565 · Cited by 41
Yang, F., Shi, D., & Lam, K. H. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.105831 · Cited by 40
Scientometric research and critical analysis of battery state-of-charge estimation
Yang, F., Shi, D., Mao, Q., & Lam, K. H. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.106283 · Cited by 40
Jia, J., Wang, K., Shi, Y., Wen, J., Pang, X., & Zeng, J. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103076 · Cited by 39
A novel deep neural network model for estimating the state of charge of lithium-ion battery
Gong, Q., Wang, P., & Cheng, Z. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.105308 · Cited by 39
An, F., Zhang, W., Sun, B., Jiang, J., & Fan, X. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.107083 · Cited by 38
State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Based on Improved RBF Neural Networks
Zhang, L., Zheng, M. L., Du, D., Li, Y., Fei, M., Guo, Y., & Li, K. (2020) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2020/8840240 · Cited by 38
Yang, X., Hu, J., Hu, G., & Guo, X. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.105820 · Cited by 37
State-of-Health Estimation of Li-Ion Batteries Using Semiparametric Adaptive Transfer Learning
Mondal, A., Routray, A., & Puravankara, S. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2023.3266499 · Cited by 37
Li, H., Wang, S., Monirul, I. M., Bobobee, E. D., Zou, C., & Fernández, C. (2021) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.7505 · Cited by 35
Online Adaptive Model Identification and State of Charge Estimation for Vehicle-Level Battery Packs
Wu, X., Shu, J., Fan, Z., Xie, J., Li, Y., Yang, J., & Deng, Z. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2023.3274548 · Cited by 35
Self-citationAdvances in the Study of Techniques to Determine the Lithium-Ion Battery’s State of Charge
Liu, X., Gao, Y., Marma, K., Yu, M., & Liu, L. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17071643 · Cited by 34
Qi, W., Qin, W., & Yun, Z. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.132805 · Cited by 37
Zhang, S., Peng, N., Lu, H., Li, R., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.103989 · Cited by 34
Takyi‐Aninakwa, P., Wang, S., Zhang, H., Li, H., Yang, X. Q., & Fernández, C. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.108098 · Cited by 33
Park, S., Song, Y., & Kim, S. W. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.130220 · Cited by 33
Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Lithium Battery Based on Sequential CNN–LSTM Method
Li, D., & Yang, L. (2021) · Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage · doi:10.1115/1.4050886 · Cited by 32
Use of Forecasting in Energy Storage Applications: A Review
Sharma, V., Cortés, A., & Cali, Ü. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3103844 · Cited by 32
Fan, K., Wan, Y., & Jiang, B. (2022) · Journal of Process Control · doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2021.12.012 · Cited by 32
Ju, L., Long, P., Geng, G., & Jiang, Q. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.110224 · Cited by 31
Yu, M., Zhu, Y., Gu, X., Li, J., & Shang, Y. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.132872 · Cited by 31
Wang, C., Su, Y., Ye, J., Xu, P., Xu, E., & Ouyang, T. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.110755 · Cited by 29
Hybrid Neural Networks for Enhanced Predictions of Remaining Useful Life in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Rastegarpanah, A., Asif, M. E., & Stolkin, R. (2024) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries10030106 · Cited by 31
Jin, L., & Xi, H. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.111284 · Cited by 30
Zhang, Y., Tan, X. M., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.115575 · Cited by 29
Equivalent hysteresis model based SOC estimation with variable parameters considering temperature
He, Y., Li, Q., Zheng, X., & Liu, X. (2021) · Journal of Power Electronics · doi:10.1007/s43236-020-00213-5 · Cited by 30
Liu, Y., Shi, Q., Wei, Y., He, Z., Hu, X., & He, L. (2022) · Science China Technological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11431-021-2029-y · Cited by 29
Self-citationFan, X., Li, B., Hao, Y., Tang, Q. J., & Xie, Z. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.116690 · Cited by 29
An Overview of Data-Driven Methods for the Online State of Charge Estimation
Eleftheriadis, P., Dolara, A., & Leva, S. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) · doi:10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope54979.2022.9854413 · Cited by 31
Battery State of Charge Probabilistic Estimation Using Natural Gradient Boosting
Li, G., Li, B., Li, C., Zeng, K., Wang, S., & Chen, P. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3331136 · Cited by 28
Yun, X., Zhang, X., Wang, C., & Fan, X. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.117389 · Cited by 29
Theory and Practices of Li-Ion Battery Thermal Management for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Mahamud, R., & Park, C. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15113930 · Cited by 28
Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Open Circuit Fault Diagnostics: Methods, Analysis, and Comparison
Zhou, S., Chen, Z., & Lin, T. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2022.3211568 · Cited by 30
Guo, W., Yang, L., Deng, Z., Li, J., & Bian, X. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.128320 · Cited by 28
Self-citationSun, C., Gao, M., Cai, H., Xu, F., & Zhu, C. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.113986 · Cited by 28
Chen, S., Zhang, S., Geng, Y., Jia, Y., & Zhang, S. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.134668 · Cited by 27
A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Multi‐Output Short‐Term Electricity Demand Forecasting
ÖZÜPAK, Y., & Mansurov, S. (2025) · Concurrency and Computation Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/cpe.70356 · Cited by 27
Moosavi, S. K. R., Zafar, M. H., Saadat, A., Abaid, Z., Ni, W., Jamalipour, A., & Sanfilippo, F. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2024.3403518 · Cited by 26
A multi-timescale framework for state monitoring and lifetime prognosis of lithium-ion batteries
Wei, J., & Chen, C. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120684 · Cited by 26
He, L., Wang, G., Hu, B., Liu, X., Liu, J., & Shi, M. (2024) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234718 · Cited by 25
Yuan, Y., Jiang, B., Chen, Q., Wang, X., Wei, X., & Dai, H. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.136658 · Cited by 25
The electric-thermal coupling simulation and state estimation of lithium-ion battery
Xu, Z., Zhang, C., Sun, B., & Liu, S. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.106431 · Cited by 25
Research Progress on Data-Driven Methods for Battery States Estimation of Electric Buses
Zhao, D., Li, H., Zhou, F., Zhong, Y., Zhang, G., Liu, Z., & Hou, J. (2023) · World Electric Vehicle Journal · doi:10.3390/wevj14060145 · Cited by 28
He, L., Hu, X., Yin, G., Shao, X., Liu, J., & Shi, Q. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121793 · Cited by 25
Self-citationZheng, Q., Yin, X., & Zhang, D. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.107176 · Cited by 24
Yuan, T., Zhu, M., Bai, J., & Sun, H. (2024) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235449 · Cited by 24
Guo, D., Yang, G., Han, X., Feng, X., Lu, L., & Ouyang, M. (2021) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.6614 · Cited by 24
Jiang, H., Wang, H., Su, Y., Kang, Q., Meng, X., Yan, L., & Ma, T. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231818 · Cited by 24
A Review of Critical State Joint Estimation Methods of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles
Hou, J., Li, T., Zhou, F., Zhao, D., Zhong, Y., Yao, L. Y., & Li, Z. (2022) · World Electric Vehicle Journal · doi:10.3390/wevj13090159 · Cited by 26
Gu, C., Ni, L., Tian, X., & Fan, C. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.116465 · Cited by 24
Xiao, Z., Jiang, B., Zhu, J., Wei, X., & Dai, H. (2024) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries10110394 · Cited by 27
Karbasi, M., Jamei, M., Ahmadianfar, I., & Asadi, A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99166-3 · Cited by 23
Yapıcı, E., Akgün, H., Özkan, K., Günkaya, Z., Özkan, A., & Banar, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13762-022-04013-1 · Cited by 23
Savargaonkar, M., Chehade, A., & Hussein, A. A.-H. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications · doi:10.1109/tia.2022.3170842 · Cited by 23
Liu, S., Li, K., & Yu, J. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.114446 · Cited by 24
Improved Digital Twin of Li-Ion Battery Based on Generic MATLAB Model
Biľanský, J., Lacko, M., Pástor, M., Marcinek, A., & Ďurovský, F. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16031194 · Cited by 22
Costa, A., Coppitters, D., Dubois, L., Contino, F., Thomas, D., & Weireld, G. D. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122431 · Cited by 21
Fan, X., Li, B., Xie, Z., Hao, Y., Tang, Q. J., & Hu, X. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.136953 · Cited by 22
Self-citationNoise Adaptive Moving Horizon Estimation for State-of-Charge Estimation of Li-Ion Battery
Zhang, Z., Xue, B., & Fan, J. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3047971 · Cited by 21
Li, Q., Lu, T., Lai, C., Li, J., Pan, L., Ma, C., Zhu, Y., & Xie, J. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.130208 · Cited by 20
A Method for Estimating State of Charge of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Deep Learning
Gong, Q., Wang, P., Cheng, Z., & Zhang, J. (2021) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac3719 · Cited by 21
Comprehensive Comparison of Machine Learning and Kalman Filter Battery State of Charge Estimators
Vieira, R., Kollmeyer, P. J., Pitault, L., & Emadi, A. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3545380 · Cited by 22
Fan, Y., Yan, C., Wu, X., Li, Y., Dou, W., Gao, G., Zhang, P., Guan, Q., & Tan, X. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.136216 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Deng, Z., Hu, X., Lin, X., Che, Y., Xu, L., & Guo, W.
- Affiliations
- Chongqing University (CN)
- Ontario Tech University (CA)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Xiaosong
- Lin, Xianke
- Venue
- Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 205
- Pages
- 118000
- ISSN
- 0360-5442 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3033613562
- Semantic Scholar
- a491ddd78e3d1e5acaa49684b5aa2f2270b68d97
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 12
- FWCI
- 21.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Battery Modeling and Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Control Systems and Identification
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference
- Keywords
- state of charge estimation, lithium-ion battery packs, Gaussian process regression, data-driven estimation, cell inconsistency, feature extraction, principal component analysis, automatic relevance determination, Gaussian kernel, autoregressive models, probabilistic forecasting, battery degradation, temperature effects
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review