The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Data-driven state of charge estimation for lithium-ion battery packs based on Gaussian process regression
Abstract
Abstract Since a battery pack consists of hundreds of cells in series and parallel, inconsistencies between cells make it difficult to create an explicit model to simulate its behaviors effectively. Therefore, the widely used and sophisticated model-based methods (such as Kalman filters) are difficult to apply to SOC (state of charge) estimation of battery packs. In this paper, a data-driven method based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) is proposed to provide a feasible solution. Its superiority includes the ability to approximate nonlinearity accurately, nonparametric modeling, and probabilistic predictions. First, a feature extraction strategy, including data preprocessing, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis, is employed to obtain a compacted input set with a high correlation with SOC. Second, the squared exponential kernel function is used, and the automatic relevance determination is applied to optimize the weights of features. Third, besides the regular GPR model, an autoregressive GPR model is also constructed to further improve estimation accuracy and confidence. The experimental results verify that the autoregressive model has better SOC estimation performance than the regular model, and its estimation error under different dynamic cycles, temperatures, aging conditions, and even extreme conditions is lower than 3.9%, and the confidence interval is also much narrower.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Some methodologies, including fuzzy adaptive federated filtering[125] and GPR[60], have been developed to address these challenges.”
From Advancements in the estimation of the state of charge of lithium-ion battery: a comprehensive review of traditional and deep learning approaches (2025) · cites this paper as [60]
Citations
Cites
Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning
Rasmussen, C. E., & Williams, C. K. I. (2005) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3206.001.0001 · Cited by 11,705
A review on the key issues for lithium-ion battery management in electric vehicles
Lu, L., Han, X., Li, J., Hua, J., & Ouyang, M. (2013) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.10.060 · Cited by 4,837
Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV battery packs
Plett, G. L. (2004) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.02.033 · Cited by 1,768
A tutorial on Gaussian process regression: modelling, exploring, and exploiting functions
Schulz, E., Speekenbrink, M., & Krause, A. (2018) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2018.03.001 · Cited by 1,735
Data-driven health estimation and lifetime prediction of lithium-ion batteries: A review
Li, Y., Liu, K., Foley, A. M., Zülke, A., Berecibar, M., Nanini-Maury, E., Van Mierlo, J., & Hoster, H. E. (2019) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109254 · Cited by 1,193
Waag, W., Fleischer, C., & Sauer, D. U. (2014) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.02.064 · Cited by 1,059
Xing, Y., He, W., Pecht, M., & Tsui, K. L. (2014) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.07.008 · Cited by 977
State estimation for advanced battery management: Key challenges and future trends
Hu, X., Feng, F., Liu, K., Zhang, L., Xie, J., & Liu, B. (2019) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109334 · Cited by 857
Self-citationYang, D., Zhang, X., Pan, R., Wang, Y., & Chen, Z. (2018) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.03.015 · Cited by 765
Data Preprocessing For Supervised Leaning
Kotsiantis, S. B., Kanellopoulos, D. N., & Pintelas, P. (2007) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.1082415 · Cited by 669
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Plett GL. Efficient battery pack state estimation using bar-delta filtering. Conference Efficient battery pack state estimation using bar-delta filtering.
- Liu X, He Y, Chen Z. State-of-Charge estimation for power Li-ion battery pack using V min-EKF. Conference State-of-Charge estimation for power Li-ion battery pack using V min-EKF. IEEE, p. 27-31.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 423
Liu, Z., Chen, S., Wu, H., Huang, H., & Zhao, Z. (2021) · Advanced Theory and Simulations · doi:10.1002/adts.202100331 · Cited by 20
Liang, Y., Wang, S., Fan, Y., Takyi‐Aninakwa, P., Xie, Y., & Fernández, C. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.107629 · Cited by 19
Wu, Y., Bai, D., Zhang, K., Li, Y., & Yang, F. (2025) · Journal of Materials Informatics · doi:10.20517/jmi.2024.84 · Cited by 20
Bobobee, E. D., Wang, S., Takyi‐Aninakwa, P., Liu, G., & Koukoyi, E. (2025) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.111526 · Cited by 19
Zhu, Y., Wang, Y., Teng, J., Sun, X., Qi, M., Zhao, W. M., & Li, X. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3051744 · Cited by 19
Battery State of Charge Estimation Based on Composite Multiscale Wavelet Transform
Cheng, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, X., & Li, J. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15062064 · Cited by 19
Su, T.-F., & Chen, K.-C. (2023) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233641 · Cited by 19
Dar, T. H., & Singh, S. (2024) · Journal of Applied Electrochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10800-024-02217-6 · Cited by 18
Online Estimation of the State of Health for the Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Open Circuit Model
Pan, Y., Li, J., Tian’an, W., Shengxun, Y., Yunxuan, Z., Zigang, L., & Yanwen, H. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3536166 · Cited by 18
Verleysen, K., Coppitters, D., Parente, A., & Contino, F. (2023) · Applications in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100141 · Cited by 18
Wang, C., Zhang, X., Yun, X., & Fan, X. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.111908 · Cited by 19
Liu, W., Che, Y., Han, J., Deng, Z., Hu, X., & Song, Z. (2024) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235114 · Cited by 19
Self-citationJafari, S., Kim, J., & Byun, Y.-C. (2024) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2024.09.010 · Cited by 19
Liu, R., Ren, Q., Li, M., Ji, X., Liu, T., & Liu, H. (2024) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2024.102921 · Cited by 18
A Bayesian Inferred Health Prognosis and State of Charge Estimation for Power Batteries
Dong, G., Shen, F., Sun, L. L., Zhang, M., & Wei, J. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3497053 · Cited by 19
Liu, H., Liang, F., Hu, T., Hong, J., & Ma, H. (2024) · Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy · doi:10.35833/mpce.2023.000726 · Cited by 17
Dai, H., Huang, Y., Zhu, L., Lin, H., Hui, Y., Lai, Y., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236544 · Cited by 17
Zhang, Y., Liu, K., Chuang, Y., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6501/aca115 · Cited by 17
Resilient Filter for State of Charge and Parameter Coestimation With Missing Measurement
Peng, Z., Pan, C., Yang, S., Wen, G., & Huang, T. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics · doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3220862 · Cited by 17
Wang, C., Zhang, X., Yun, X., Meng, X., & Fan, X. (2023) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.129466 · Cited by 17
SOC Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Based on Discharge Stage Division and Fusion Modeling
Chen, Y., Liu, Y., He, Y., Lyu, Z., Cai, Y., & Zhang, S. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3550214 · Cited by 17
Adaptive sampling design for multi-task learning of Gaussian processes in manufacturing
Mehta, M., & Shao, C. (2021) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.09.006 · Cited by 16
Rahman, A., Lin, X., & Wang, C. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15155662 · Cited by 17
Self-citationQian, C., Xu, B., Xia, Q., Ren, Y., Yang, D., & Wang, Z. (2022) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma15175933 · Cited by 16
Lei, M., Wu, B., Yang, W., Li, P., Xu, J., & Yang, Y. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c00918 · Cited by 15
He, Z., Zhang, X., Fu, X., Pan, C., & Jin, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Electrochemical Science · doi:10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100440 · Cited by 15
Li, M., Li, C., Chen, C., Zhang, Q., Liu, X., Liao, W., Liu, X., & Rao, Z. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.110573 · Cited by 15
Optimal State-of-Charge Value for Charge-Sustaining Mode of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Zhang, S., & Zhang, J. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3030750 · Cited by 15
State estimation and remaining useful life prediction for lithium-ion batteries
Ekberg, J., Sridharan, N. V., Karim, R., & Atta, K. T. (2025) · Cell Reports Physical Science · doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102854 · Cited by 15
Li, P., Liu, J., Deng, Z., Yang, Y., Lin, X., Couture, J., & Hu, X. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.122772 · Cited by 14
Self-citationQin, P., & Zhao, L. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2023.3324822 · Cited by 14
Temporal pattern attention based Hammerstein model for estimating battery SOC
Hu, H., Xie, Z., & Wang, D. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.113666 · Cited by 13
Chen, X., Chen, Z., Wang, X., & Deng, Y. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.116907 · Cited by 13
Ren, Z., & Du, C. (2022) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.284 · Cited by 13
Fan, C., Liu, K., Gu, C., Yu, Q., Wang, R., Fang, J., & Peng, Q. (2025) · IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/jestie.2025.3545746 · Cited by 12
Billert, A. M., Yu, R., Erschen, S., Frey, M., & Gauterin, F. (2024) · Big Data Mining and Analytics · doi:10.26599/bdma.2023.9020028 · Cited by 13
He, Z., Fu, X., Pan, C., Zhang, X., Ji, X., & Hu, S. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.112763 · Cited by 12
Chen, K., Luo, L., Lei, W., Lv, P., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2024.1454398 · Cited by 12
Zhang, Z., Zuo, Z., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Asian Journal of Control · doi:10.1002/asjc.2782 · Cited by 12
Prediction Study of the Heavy Vehicle Driving State Based on Digital Twin Model
Liu, J., Dong, Y., Liu, Y., Li, P., Liu, S., & Wang, T. (2021) · 2021 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Computer Applications (ICPECA) · doi:10.1109/icpeca51329.2021.9362618 · Cited by 12
Li, R., Hao, Y., Zhang, M., & Lv, Y. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26010264 · Cited by 16
Chen, J., Hannan, T., Yao, Y., & Song, G. (2024) · Energy storage materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103730 · Cited by 11
Chen, J., Kuboyama, T., & Shen, T. (2024) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124530 · Cited by 11
Seo, Y., Kim, T., & Barde, S. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.138316 · Cited by 12
An Energy-Friendly Scheduler for Edge Computing Systems
Llorens-Carrodeguas, A., Sagkriotis, S. G., Cervelló-Pastor, C., & Pezaros, D. P. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21217151 · Cited by 11
Estimation of remaining capacity of lithium-ion batteries based on X-ray computed tomography
Hou, J., Wu, W., Li, L., Tong, X., Hu, R., Wu, W., Cai, W., & Wang, H. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.105369 · Cited by 11
Towards fast embedded moving horizon state-of-charge estimation for lithium-ion batteries
Wan, Y., Du, S., Yan, J., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.110024 · Cited by 12
A Review on AI Algorithms for Energy Management in E-Mobility Services
Yan, S., Shah, M. H., Li, J., O'Connor, N. E., & Liu, M. (2023) · CAA International Conference on Vehicular Control and Intelligence (CVCI) · doi:10.1109/cvci59596.2023.10397371 · Cited by 11
State of Charge Estimation Method of Energy Storage Battery Based on Multiple Incremental Features
Chen, Z., He, T., Mao, Y., Zhu, W., Xiong, Y., Wang, S., Zeng, J., Xu, Q., & Niu, Y. (2024) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad5efa · Cited by 10
State co-estimation for lithium-ion batteries based on multi-innovations online identification
Ouyang, T., Gong, Y., Ye, J., Deng, Q., & Su, Y. (2024) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2024.115204 · Cited by 10
He, W., Li, G., Zhong, C., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization · doi:10.1007/s00158-022-03475-8 · Cited by 10
Overview of Machine Learning-Enabled Battery State Estimation Methods
Zhuge, Y., Yang, H., & Wang, H. (2023) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition · doi:10.1109/apec43580.2023.10131605 · Cited by 9
Meulenaere, R. D., Coppitters, D., Sikkema, A., Maertens, T., & Blondeau, J. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app131910751 · Cited by 9
Zhang, Z., Yu, W., Yan, Z., Zhu, W., Li, H., Liu, Q., Guan, Q., & Tan, N. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.134577 · Cited by 9
Al-Hiyali, M. I., Kannan, R., & Shutari, H. (2025) · World Electric Vehicle Journal · doi:10.3390/wevj16060291 · Cited by 9
Wang, S., Zhang, H., Han, W., Yin, Q., & Zeng, L. (2025) · Ionics · doi:10.1007/s11581-025-06424-9 · Cited by 10
Chaudhary, A. K. (2025) · Solid State Communications · doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2025.116038 · Cited by 9
Zhou, J., Liu, K., Jiang, Z. L., & Liao, P. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.119117 · Cited by 11
Hou, J., Yang, Q., Li, P., & Deng, Z. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2025.3635195 · Cited by 9
Self-citationMa, Y., Zhu, J., Li, X., & Tang, Z. (2021) · Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1063/5.0058265 · Cited by 9
Meulenaere, R. D., Coppitters, D., Maertens, T., Contino, F., & Blondeau, J. (2022) · Thermal Science and Engineering Progress · doi:10.1016/j.tsep.2022.101592 · Cited by 9
Wang, Q., Ye, M., & Wei, M. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2022.3226476 · Cited by 9
Chen, X., Deng, Y., Wang, X., & Yuan, Y. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.131398 · Cited by 8
Sensor Fusion-Enabled State of Charge Estimation of Smart Battery Module
Cui, H., Wei, Z., & Wang, R. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2024.3426960 · Cited by 8
Xiao, Y., Shi, X., Li, X., Duan, Y., Li, X., Zhang, J., Luo, T., Wang, J., Tan, Y., Gao, Z., et al. (2024) · Energy Storage · doi:10.1002/est2.70080 · Cited by 9
Kang, J., Kim, T., & Kim, Y.-S. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.115372 · Cited by 9
Hu, T., Zhu, X., & Tian, M. (2025) · AIP Advances · doi:10.1063/5.0243811 · Cited by 8
Ye, J., Chen, C., Zhang, Z., Hong, Z., Zhao, S., & Wu, G. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.115949 · Cited by 8
Liu, Z., Xiao, Y., Yuan, Y., Xu, X., Luo, B., & Huang, T. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2025.3570387 · Cited by 8
RayniNejad, M. H., Keynia, F., Ahmadinia, M., & Molahosseini, A. S. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.118049 · Cited by 8
Yu, W., Zhang, Z., Yan, Z., Zhu, W., Guan, Q., & Tan, N. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.113564 · Cited by 8
Jin, H., Ruifei, M., Qilin, C., Xueliang, F., Weifeng, Z., & Deng, Y. (2022) · Journal of Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.3901/jme.2022.17.096 · Cited by 8
Taghavifar, H., & Mardani, A. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2023.3316917 · Cited by 7
Rammohan, A., Wang, Y., Subbu Kannappan, S., Suresh Kumar, P., Ashok, B., Kotb, H., AboRas, K. M., & Yousef, A. H. (2024) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2024.1359596 · Cited by 7
State of Health Estimations for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on MSCNN
Wang, J., Li, H., Wu, C., Shi, Y., Zhang, L., & An, Y. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17174220 · Cited by 7
Zhang, C., Wang, T., Wei, M., Qiao, L., & Lian, G. (2024) · Ionics · doi:10.1007/s11581-024-05811-y · Cited by 7
Luo, J., Xia, W., Wang, S., Li, D., & Kang, X. (2025) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.202401930 · Cited by 8
Huang, Y., Yu, H., Lai, Y., Zhu, L., Huang, C., & Dai, H. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3583315 · Cited by 7
Zuo, Z., Wang, J., Li, H., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Liu, F., Chen, B., & Li, W. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.119805 · Cited by 7
Pohlmann, S., Mashayekh, A., Kuder, M., Neve, A., & Weyh, T. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16186750 · Cited by 7
Li, W., Ren, R., Ma, H., Wang, Y., Wang, J., & Yang, W. (2023) · IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power System Asia (I&CPS Asia) · doi:10.1109/icpsasia58343.2023.10295043 · Cited by 7
Lyu, L., Jiang, B., Zhu, J., Wei, X., & Dai, H. (2024) · Batteries & Supercaps · doi:10.1002/batt.202400441 · Cited by 7
Liu, Y., Han, L., Wang, Y., Zhu, J., Zhang, B., & Guo, J. (2025) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics14020400 · Cited by 7
He, Z., Jin, Y., Hu, S., Li, W., & Zhang, X. (2022) · International Journal of Electrochemical Science · doi:10.20964/2022.08.43 · Cited by 7
Zhang, M., Wang, S., Yang, X. G., Xu, W., Yang, X., & Fernández, C. (2022) · International Journal of Electrochemical Science · doi:10.20964/2022.09.27 · Cited by 7
Sun, Q., Wang, S., Gao, S., Lv, H., Liu, J., Wang, L., Du, J., & Wei, K. (2022) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries8120260 · Cited by 7
Guya, T. K., & Bounahmidi, T. (2025) · Energy Storage · doi:10.1002/est2.70146 · Cited by 6
Wan, G., Zhang, Q., Shi, X., Li, M., & Xu, H. (2026) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.120307 · Cited by 6
Li, J., She, C., Bin, G., Li, C. K., Zhang, D., & Tian, J. (2026) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2026.121683 · Cited by 8
Tian, S., Wu, Z., & Zhang, D. (2024) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6501/ad3390 · Cited by 6
Chen, Z., Liu, W., Xia, T., & Pan, E. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2024.3463029 · Cited by 7
Liu, K., Wang, S., Yu, C., Qi, C., Yang, X. G., & Qiao, J. (2022) · International Journal of Electrochemical Science · doi:10.20964/2022.09.24 · Cited by 6
Hossain, S. S., Ayodele, B. V., & Almithn, A. S. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15155570 · Cited by 7
State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Mediouni, H., Hani, S. E., Ezzouhri, A., Daghouri, A., Aboudrar, I., & Naseri, N. (2022) · International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb · doi:10.1109/cistem55808.2022.10043957 · Cited by 6
Zhou, Z., Zhang, C., & Chen, S. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c04756 · Cited by 5
柴, 旭., Li, S., Li, Y., & Liang, F. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.118525 · Cited by 6
Malik, G., & Saini, M. K. (2025) · Energy Storage · doi:10.1002/est2.70131 · Cited by 5
Akula, R., & Kumar, L. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.115585 · Cited by 5
Hu, G., Xu, L., & Zhang, Z. (2023) · Nonlinear Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s11071-023-08624-2 · Cited by 5
Self-citationZhu, Y., Liu, M., Wang, L., & Wang, J. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14127048 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Deng, Z., Hu, X., Lin, X., Che, Y., Xu, L., & Guo, W.
- Affiliations
- Chongqing University (CN)
- Ontario Tech University (CA)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Hu, Xiaosong
- Lin, Xianke
- Venue
- Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 205
- Pages
- 118000
- ISSN
- 0360-5442 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3033613562
- Semantic Scholar
- a491ddd78e3d1e5acaa49684b5aa2f2270b68d97
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 12
- FWCI
- 21.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Battery Modeling and Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Control Systems and Identification
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference
- Keywords
- state of charge estimation, lithium-ion battery packs, Gaussian process regression, data-driven estimation, cell inconsistency, feature extraction, principal component analysis, automatic relevance determination, Gaussian kernel, autoregressive models, probabilistic forecasting, battery degradation, temperature effects
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review