The DOI matches its Crossref record; 126 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Flexibility categorization, sources, capabilities and technologies for energy-flexible and grid-responsive buildings: State-of-the-art and future perspective
Open accessAbstract
Abstract The rapid development of remote telemetry, control and communication technologies in smart grids enables the demand side to provide energy flexibility for power grid economy and reliability. The building sector, as a consumer of large amounts of electricity, has various flexible loads that can be effectively utilized for such purposes if buildings and their energy systems are under proper design and control. In this paper, a systematic methodology is proposed for categorizing the building energy flexibility according to different power grid requirements. Considering the requirements of response duration, response direction and response speed (within seconds, minutes, or even longer timescale), the flexibility can be categorized as fast regulation, moderate regulation, load shedding, load shifting and load covering. A comprehensive review is presented to summarize and compare various flexibility sources, their characteristics and capabilities in buildings for providing those five different types of energy flexibility. The analysis of available information technologies and business development indicate great capability and potential of buildings to participate in energy flexibility markets as a practical demand side management instrument. Three major limitations in existing research and energy markets are identified as the major challenges for the future development of energy flexible buildings.
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Cites
Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity
Lund, P. D., Lindgren, J., Mikkola, J., & Salpakari, J. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.057 · Cited by 1,700
A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications
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Luthander, R., Widén, J., Nilsson, D., & Palm, J. (2015) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.028 · Cited by 1,183
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A survey on smart metering and smart grid communication
Kabalci, Y. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.114 · Cited by 638
Evaluation of Power System Flexibility
Lannoye, E., Flynn, D., & O'Malley, M. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2011.2177280 · Cited by 626
Demand response experience in Europe: Policies, programmes and implementation
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Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy
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Cited by
Key challenges for a large-scale development of battery electric vehicles: A comprehensive review
Lebrouhi, B. E., Khattari, Y., Lamrani, B., Maaroufi, M., Zeraouli, Y., & Kousksou, T. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103273 · Cited by 276
Strielkowski, W., Vlasov, A., Selivanov, K., Muraviev, K., & Shakhnov, V. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16104025 · Cited by 237
Tang, H., & Wang, S. (2021) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.119756 · Cited by 130
Self-citationZhang, S., Ge, S., Liu, H., Zhao, B., Ni, C., Hou, G., & Wang, C. (2024) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122175 · Cited by 25
Liu, M., Chen, W.-A., Gao, Y., & Hu, Z. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17219497 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Tang, H., Wang, S., & Li, H.
- Venue
- Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 219
- Pages
- 119598
- ISSN
- 0360-5442 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3112774825
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 126
- FWCI
- 7.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Tang, H., Wang, S., & Li, H. (2021). Flexibility categorization, sources, capabilities and technologies for energy-flexible and grid-responsive buildings: State-of-the-art and future perspective. Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119598
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
