The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The co-evolutionary relationship between Energy Service Companies and the UK energy system: Implications for a low-carbon transition
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This points to both supporting and limiting influences, that is, barriers, resulting from environmental factors such as technical infrastructures, institutions, and actors who shape a system while they are shaped by that system in a mutual coevolutionary relationship (Hannon et al., 2013;Schaltegger, Lüdeke-Freund, et al., 2016).”
From Sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and business models: Integrative framework and propositions for future research (2020) · cites this paper as Hannon et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“but general information about policy-driven business model innovations and strategies, for example, gained from large and mixed sample studies, are currently missing.”
From Sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and business models: Integrative framework and propositions for future research (2020) · cites this paper as Hannon et al., 2013
Citations
Cites
Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
Munger, M. C., & North, D. C. (1991) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1060065 · Cited by 25,224
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.
Loasby, B. J., Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1983) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2232409 · Cited by 21,426
Business models, business strategy and innovation
Teece, D. J. (2010) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2009.07.003 · Cited by 8,335
Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics
Pierson, P. (2000) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2586011 · Cited by 8,094 · cited 1×
“…particular, it has helped to illuminate how ‘on going positive feedbacks between components of evolving systems’ (Norgaard, 1994 p.82) have led to path-dependent increasing returns to adoption, responsible for technological (Arthur, 1989) and institutional (North, 1990; Pierson, 2000) lock-in.”
BackgroundCompeting Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events
Arthur, W. B. (1989) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2234208 · Cited by 7,489
Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance.
Schout, A., & North, D. C. (1991) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2234910 · Cited by 4,868
Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry
Hood, A. (2010) · Canadian Journal of University Continuing Education · doi:10.21225/d5001g · Cited by 3,610
Unruh, G. C. (2000) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(00)00070-7 · Cited by 3,304
Magretta, J. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 2,962
Functions of innovation systems: A new approach for analysing technological change
Hekkert, M. P., Suurs, R. A. A., Negro, S. O., Kuhlmann, S., & Smits, R. (2006) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2006.03.002 · Cited by 2,751
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- CHPA, 2011, CHPA note on the ECJ ruling on the Citiworks Case, Combined Heat & Power Association
- EST, 2008. Review of Energy Services in the Domestic Sector. Energy Savings Trust.
- EU, 2006. EU DIRECTIVE 2006/32/EC of The European Parliament and of The Council of 5 April 2006 on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and repealing Council Directive 93/76/EEC. Official Journal of the European Union L 114/64, 64-85.
- Eyre, N., 2008. Regulation of Energy Suppliers to Save Energy—Lessons from the UK Debate, British Institute of Energy Economics Conference, Oxford.
- Gkiousou, 2011, Lessons learned from CERT and CESP, Energy Retail Association
- Pearson, 2012
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–173 of 173
New light on an old problem: Reflections on barriers and enablers of distributed energy
Szatow, A., Quezada, G., & Lilley, B. (2012) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.07.057 · Cited by 14
Corredoira, M. D. L. Á. Q., & Senra, A. I. M. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2022.2132476 · Cited by 13
Brown, D., & Martiskainen, M. (2023) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2023.103346 · Cited by 13
Lugarić, T. R., Dodig, D., & Bogovac, J. (2019) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en12091612 · Cited by 13
Watson, N. E., Huebner, G. M., Fell, M. J., & Shipworth, D. (2020) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111891 · Cited by 13
Local Energy Projects on Islands: Assessing the Creation and Upscaling of Social Niches
Tsagkari, M. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su122410431 · Cited by 13
Ecopreneurs Creation of User Business Models for Green Tech: An Exploratory Study in E-Mobility
Abdelkafi, N., & Hansen, E. G. (2017) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing · doi:10.1504/ijev.2018.10007848 · Cited by 30
Diverse distributed renewable energy trading paradigms: a business model review
Gunarathna, M. A. C. L., Yang, R. J., & Song, A. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2021.1877640 · Cited by 11
Brown, D., Kivimaa, P., & Sorrell, S. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3270880 · Cited by 11
The UK low carbon energy transition: Prospects and challenges
Foxon, T. J., & Pearson, P. J. G. (2013) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 10
Self-citationDefining incumbency: considering the UK heat sector
Lowes, R., Woodman, B., & Fitch-Roy, O. (2017) · Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) · Cited by 10
Trianni, A., Leak, J., & Hasan, A. S. M. M. (2025) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114546 · Cited by 8
Meng, X.-C., Seong, Y.-H., & Lee, M. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14164983 · Cited by 9
Transformative Business and Sustainability Transitions: A Framework and an Empirical Illustration
Beers, P. J., Baeten, M., Bouwmans, E., van Helvoirt, B., Wesselink, J., & Zanders, R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77580-3_2 · Cited by 8
The Catalytic Role of Sustainability Transitions for Business Models
Lüdeke‐Freund, F., Wells, P., & Aagaard, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-57511-2_5 · Cited by 8
Bustos, F., Lazo, C., Contreras, J., & Fuentes, A. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.004 · Cited by 8
Zheng, S., Zhou, Y., Yuan, J., Liu, R., Lyu, P., Han, Z., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Journal of Management in Engineering · doi:10.1061/jmenea.meeng-6328 · Cited by 7
Shafqat, O., Malakhatka, E., Chrobot, N., & Lundqvist, P. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13147565 · Cited by 7
Niesten, E., Pereira, G. I., & Pinkse, J. (2023) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/dtad074 · Cited by 6
Mori, A., & Zhang, K. (2024) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2024.100911 · Cited by 6
Tsai, I. (2024) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114065 · Cited by 6
Energy innovation and the sustainability transition
Hannon, M., & Bolton, R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814712-2.00008-7 · Cited by 6
Self-citationMultiple roles of business for climate action
Hampton, S., Byfuglien, A., Eadson, W., Latter, B., Hardy-Jones, B., Sugar, K., Bamford, H., & Blundel, R. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.114059 · Cited by 10
Zhang, W., Ling-ling, H., Liu, J., & Yuan, H. (2022) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-022-02643-6 · Cited by 5
Felsmann, B. (2016) · Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review · doi:10.14267/veztud.2016.05.01 · Cited by 5
Exploring the Dynamics of an Energy Service Venture
Capelo, C. (2017) · Advances in environmental engineering and green technologies book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1978-2.ch013 · Cited by 4
Business and policy models to incentivise utilities to engage with demand-side management
Warren, P. (2019) · Green Finance · doi:10.3934/gf.2019.1.4 · Cited by 4
Anticipating customer-centred zero-carbon energy business models
Hardy, J. J. E., & Sandys, L. (2022) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-022-01003-y · Cited by 4
Multiobjective optimization for carbon market scheduling based on behavior learning
Li, D., Hua, W., Sun, H., & Chiu, W. (2017) · Energy Procedia · doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.581 · Cited by 3
The ESCO Formula as Support for Public and Commercial Energy Projects in Poland
Kurowska‐Pysz, J., & Kunikowski, G. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14238098 · Cited by 3
Roelich, K. E., Schmieder, T., Steinberger, J., & Knoeri, C. (2013) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 2
Mode selection strategy of energy performance contracting under the regulation of carbon tax policy
Cao, Z.-H., Yu, F., Min, J., & Ou, J. (2023) · Energy & Environment · doi:10.1177/0958305x231189184 · Cited by 2
Luo, H., Pan, J., Han, Y., Li, Z., & Cai, Z. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17133071 · Cited by 2
Hall, S., Foxon, T. J., & Bolton, R. (2015) · Cited by 2
Self-citationPolzin, F., von Flotow, P., & Nolden, C. (2015) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 2
BlockChainTechnology for Energy Transition
Bürer, M. J., Capezzali, M., Carpita, M., de Lapparent, M., & Pallotta, V. (2021) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6470-7_10 · Cited by 1
Governing low carbon socio-technical transitions – a case study of district heating in Great Britain
Bush, R. (2016) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 2
Dynamic Demand Response in Residential Prosumer Collectives
Bakr, S. (2019) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) · Cited by 2
Polzin, F., Nolden, C., & von Flotow, P. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3076471 · Cited by 2
Sourcing energy services in business-to-business contexts: practices among end-customers
Poblete, L. A., & Halldórsson, Á. (2023) · Energy Efficiency · doi:10.1007/s12053-023-10091-y · Cited by 6
Change at Last? Dimensions of Disruption in the Swedish Electricity Market
Parks, D. (2025) · Science Technology & Human Values · doi:10.1177/01622439251341947 · Cited by 1
Energy Performance Contracting for Solar PV in the Public Sector: Performance and Carbon Mitigation
Szeląg-Sikora, A., Sikora, J., Akbulut, L., Çoşgun, A., Arinci, Y., Akbulut, A., Komorowska, M., Niemiec, M., Atılgan, A., & Oleksy-Gębczyk, A. (2026) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en19112529 · Cited by 1
Study on Mine Ecological Restoration Deposit System Based on Evolutionary Game
Cao, F., & Wang, G. (2015) · International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM) · doi:10.2991/ifeesm-15.2015.47 · Cited by 1
The political economy of low carbon infrastructure in the UK
Hiteva, R. P., Foxon, T., & Lovell, K. (2018) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781783475636.00017 · Cited by 1
Self-citationShi, W. Z., Elsharkawy, H., & Abdalla, H. S. (2017) · Research Repository (Kingston University London) · Cited by 1
The UK low carbon energy transition
Foxon, T. J., & Pearson, P. J. G. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203375327-9 · Cited by 1
Self-citationEnergy Security and Green Energy in Great Britain: The Discourse of the Lights Going Out
Rutherford, A. (2020) · International law and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45555-2_2 · Cited by 1
Uber for Electricity: Application of Sharing Economy Model in the Electric Power Sector in India
Ilavarasan, P. V., & Suzith, D. (2021) · IEEE Technology and Society Magazine · doi:10.1109/mts.2021.3076994 · Cited by 1
Johnson, E. (2023) · New Business Models Conference (NBM) · doi:10.26481/mup.2302.10 · Cited by 1
Brocks, A., Nyangon, J., & Taminiau, J. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3146620 · Cited by 1
An investigation of models of community-based low-carbon distributed energy systems in Nigeria
Sadiq, I. A. (2020) · University of Salford Institutional Repository (University of Salford) · Cited by 1
Roelich, K. E. (2014) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
James, H. C. (2014) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Chan, Y.-C. (2016) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
Energy Innovation Policy: Fostering Energy Service Companies
Kovalev, A. V., & Proskuryakova, L. N. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315154930-4
Incorporating Sustainability in Investment Decision Making for Infrastructure Projects
Reidy, A. (2018) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.119192
Sustainable Business Innovation of Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems
Zhang, C. (2018) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
How companies respond to climate change
Finke, T. (2019) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · doi:10.17635/lancaster/thesis/734
O’Sullivan, K. (2019) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)
Vorbohle, C., Szopinski, D., & Kundisch, D. (2020) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52306-0_16
de Carvalho, L. (2021) · Revue française de civilisation britannique · doi:10.4000/rfcb.7932
Atributos de negocios para empresas de servicio energético en Colombia
Macias, M., & Albert, F. (2020)
Challenges in Implementing ESCO Model in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kosorić, D., & Veselinović, G. (2022) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17767-5_3
Danquah, V. B. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4301234
Optimizing Efficiency of Energy-Saving Service Industry Based on SE-SBM Model
He, H. J., Chan, A. P. C., & He, Q. (2023) · Lecture notes in operations research · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3626-7_28
Hamwi, M. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/cfff5e52z3d06z4b44z9e1bza87c31156509
Gabrielli, L., Nardi, F., & Donati, E. (2026) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings16122289
Ilyas, S., Asif, M., & Khan, M. I. (2026) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2026.117626
Tong, B., Wang, Y., 孟澜, Zhang, X., Cao, Y., Sha, G., Yu, W., & Wang, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2026.1940397
Metadata
- Authors
- Hannon, M. J., Foxon, T. J., & Gale, W. F.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hannon, Matthew J.
- Venue
- Energy Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 61
- Pages
- 1031-1045
- ISSN
- 0301-4215 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005391682
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 10.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy Policy (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/K00154X/1)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/K006576/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Energy Efficiency and Management
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Renewable energy and sustainable power systems
- Keywords
- energy service companies, business models, low-carbon transition, energy demand management, fossil fuel dependence, institutional change, energy ecosystem, UK energy system
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
